• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.46-51
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• 2006

The inhibitory effects of flavanone derivatives on Helicobacter pylori (HP) growth, infection and VacA toxininduced vacuolation were investigated. Among flavanones tested, ponciretin potently inhibited the growth of HP with a MIC value of 0.01 mg/ml and VacA toxin-induced vacuolation in HeLa cells with $IC_{50}$ value of 0.078 mM. However, other flavanones inhibited neither HP growth nor VacA toxininduced vacuolation. All flavanones tested did not inhibit HP infection to KATO III cells. Ponciretin also inhibited activation of procaspase-3 to caspase-3 in HeLa cell induced by HP VacA toxin, but did not affect Bax and Bcl-2 protein levels. These findings indicate that ponciretin inhibits growth as well as vacuolation by HP VacA toxin, which induces cell death via proteolytic activation of a cascade of caspases.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 2003

Human CD99 is a ubiquitous 32-kDa transmembrane protein encoded by mic2 gene. Recently it has been reported that expression of a splice variant of CD99 transmembrane protein (Type I and Type II) increases invasive ability of human breast cancer cells. To understand structural basis for cellular functions of CD99 Type II, we have initiated studies on hCD99$\^$TMcytoI/ using circular dichroism (CD) and multi-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. CD spectrum of hCD99$\^$TMytoI/ in the presence of 200mM DPC and CHAPS displayed an existence ${\alpha}$-helical conformation, showing that it could form an ${\alpha}$-helix under membrane environments. In addition, we have found that the cytoplasmic domain of CD99 would form symmetric dimmer in the presence of transmembrane domain. Although it has been rarely figured out the correlation between structure and functional mechanism of hCD99$\^$TMcytoI/, the dimerization or oligomerization would play an important role in its biological function.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.107-116
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• 2000

Vibrio become prevailing if superficial temperature of ocean is raised and their activities of area are expanded and most of ocean creatures(fishes, oysters etc) are polluted with vibrio. The one who has taken these polluted fishes and oysters uncooked caused foodpoisoning and diarrhea from Vibrio. Frequently these diseases breakout is disposed in westsea shore of Korea. According to ancient and traditional Korean medical book - Kumkue Yorak - and their single, we carried out experiment check the activities of natural medicinal effects on Vibrio parahemolyticus. The prescriptions of trial materials are processed from extraction boiling water and 80% methanol and followed by freeze dried and adsorbed to every discs in dosage of 10mg. Gentamycin of 10mg were used for control. The result of compound prescription displayed special diseases in antimicrobial activities of boiling water and MeOH extraction compared with control. In single prescription, extraction of boiling water and MeOH of Schisandra sphenanthera(clear zone : 15mm) presented extraordinal antimicrobial activity. The MBC of Schisandra sphenanthera extracts was expressed 2.56mg/ml in boiling water and MeOH.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.9
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• pp.3219-3222
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• 2011

Three types of ${\beta}$-ketoacyl acyl carrier protein synthase (KAS) are important for overcoming the bacterial resistance problem. Recently, we reported the discovery of a antimicrobial flavonoid, YKAF01 (3,6-dihydroxyflavone), which exhibits antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria through inhibition of ${\beta}$-ketoacyl acyl carrier protein synthase III (KAS III). In this report, we suggested that YKAF01 can be an inhibitor ${\beta}$-ketoacyl acyl carrier protein synthase I (KAS I) with dual inhibitory activity for KAS I as well as KAS III. KAS I is related to the elongation of unsaturated fatty acids in bacterial fatty acid synthesis and can be a good therapeutic target of designing novel antibiotics. We performed docking study of Escherichia coli KAS I (ecKAS I) and YKAF01, and determined their binding model. YKAF01 binds to KAS I with high binding affinity ($2.12{\times}10^6$) and exhibited an antimicrobial activity against the multidrug-resistant E. coli with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 512 ${\mu}g$/mL. Further optimization of this compound will be carried out to improve its antimicrobial activity and membrane permeability against bacterial cell membrane.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.106-111
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• 1990

The isolation and identification of an antibacterial component, from the leaves of Liriodendron tulipifera. K. Kotch against a cariogenic bacterium Streptococcus mutans OMZ 176, were carried out for developing of anticariogenic agents. The bioactive component was elucidated as ${\beta}-liriodenolide$, which was isolated newly from the leaves of L. tulipifera. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ${\beta}-liriodenolide$ was $100\;{\mu}g/ml$ and the antibacterial activity was stronger than that of berberine. ${\beta}-Liriodenolide$ inhibited ${\beta}-lactamase$ activity, 50, 100 and $200\;{\mu}M$ ${\beta}-liriodenolide$ did ${\beta}-lactamase$ activity as 0.7, 3.5 and 19.7%, respectively. The toxicity of ${\beta}-liriodenolide$ was not found with the method of photohemolysis.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.61-71
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• 2012

Recent conditions in North Sulawesi Province (NSP) have become favorable for the development of tourism. In this paper, we present the recent status of biodiversity and tourism in NSP as a basic consideration towards integrative biodiversity conservation strategy. Overall, biological accounts suggest that NSP is important for the world biodiversity conservation program. NSP's biodiversity makes the area a major nature-based tourism (ecotourism) site in the world. Development of diverse tourism programs in NSP has provided new opportunities for balancing development and conservation of regional ecosystems. However, the excessive tourism growth in some particular areas in NSP has been identified as the primary factor of environmental degradation. Nowadays, biodiversity of North Sulawesi regions are suffering from the number of tourist impacts and facilities. Based on those conditions, tourism planning and development in NSP is needed to formulate a proper strategy to protect the ecosystem and biodiversity from degradation and extinction. This will be a new challenge of sustainable island tourism development and biodiversity conservation in NSP.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.27-36
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• 2013

This study was performed to investigate the antimicrobial effect against food-borne pathogens of Sanguisorbae officinalis L. ethanol extract. The antimicrobial activity of the ethanol extract was determined using a paper disc-diffusion method and the diameter of the clear zone was measured. The diameters of the clear zone in the presence of 10 mg of the ethanol extract were the maximum against Staphylococcus aureus among the tested 4 gram-positive bacteria and Pseudomonas aeruginosa among the tested 7 gram-negative bacteria. Analysis of the minimum inhibition concentrations (MIC) showed that the ethanol extract exhibited a similar efficacy as sorbic acid, well-known chemical preservatives. The growth inhibitory effects of the ethanol extract in the concentrations of 250, 500, 1,000 and 2,000 mg/L on food-borne pathogens were determined against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella Typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The growth of the microorganisms was significantly (p<0.05) inhibited by the ethanol extract in the concentrations higher than 250 mg/L. Thus, the results of the present study demonstrate that the ethanol extract exhibits antimicrobial effects against food-borne pathogens, suggesting that Sanguisorbae officinalis L. could be used as natural antibacterial agent in food.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.158-164
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• 1995

토마토의 엽권에서 분리한 Fusariym graminearum이 분비하는 물질은 벼 도열병균(Pyricularia oryzae)의 여러 종의 식물병원 진균에 대한 항균활성을 나타내었으며, 이러한 활성물질을 PDA에서 본 균을 배양 한 후 chloroform으로 추출하여 분리정제 하였다. HPLC에 의하여 5종류의 활성 물질을 분획하였으며, 그중 1번(F402) 화합물을 벼 도열병균(P. oryzae)을 포함한 22개 식물 병원 진균에 대하여 살균 활성범위를 조사한 결과, 이 화합물은 50$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml 농도에서 Pythium ultimum, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum은 전혀 억제하지 못하였으며, Phytophthora spp., Cladosporium fulvum, Fusarium spp., Corynespora cassicola에는 어느 정도의 활성이 있었지만 낮게 나타났고, P. oryzae, Cochliobolus miyabeanus, Alternaria solani는 100% 억제하여 활성이 높게 나타났다. 또한 장내 세균에 대한 활성을 MIC로 비교할 때 Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus faecium에 대하여는 각각 12.5, 25 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml였고 Staphylococcus aureus는 25-50$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml으로 나타났으며, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae에서는 100$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml 이상으로 활성이 나타나지 않았다. F402를 200$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml의 농도로 직접 살포한 식물체에서의 방제효과는 벼도열병, 벼 깨씨무늬병, 보리 흰 가루병에 대하여는 80%이상이었으나, 벼 잎집무늬마름병, 오이 잿빛곰팡이병, 토마토 역병, 밀 녹병에서는 낮았다.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.886-893
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• 2012

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a cephalosporin and beta-lactam antibiotic-resistant strain. In most cases, MRSA is spread from infected patients and infection rates are growing increasingly. Furthermore, increased resistance to antibiotics is causing serious problems in the world. Staphylococcus aureus is responsible for both nosocomial and community-based infections that range from relatively minor skin and soft tissue infections to life-threatening systemic infections. Therefore, there is a need to develop alternative antimicrobial drugs for the treatment of infectious diseases. In this study, we investigated antimicrobial activity of oriental medicine prescription against MRSA. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Sohamhyung-tang water extract against S. aureus strains ranged from 500 to 2,000 ${\mu}g/mL$, so we have it confirmed that a strong antibacterial effect. Also, the combinations of Sohamhyung-tang water extract and conventional antibiotics exhibited improved inhibition of MRSA with synergy effect. We suggest that Sohamhyung-tang water extract against MRSA have antibacterial activity, it has potential as alternatives to antibiotic agent. We suggest that the Sohamhyung-tang water extract lead the treatment of bacterial infection to solve the resistance and remaining side-effect problems that are the major weak points of traditional antibiotics.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.257-263
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• 2000

본 연구는 체중 18~19kg(16~17개월령)의 측염소 3 두(♀)를 반도체로 한 후 흑염소육에 한약재를 첨가한 것을 가약 흑염소 소주로 하고, 흑염소육만 증탕한 것을 순 흑염소 소주로 하였고, 한약재만 증탕한 것을 한약재 증탕액으로 하여 4$^{\circ}C$에 30일간 저장하면서 VBN, 아미노산 무기질 조성 변화를 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. VBN함량은 모든 처리구에서 저장기간이 경과하면서 증가하는 경향이었고, 가약 흑염소 소주보다 순 흑염소 소주의 VBN이높게 나타났으며(P<0.05) 처리구 모두 실험기간 동안 가식권 범위내에 있었다. 무기물 함량은 가약 흑염소소주가 순 흑염소 소주보다 높은 함량을 나타내었고, 한약재 증탕액에서 높은 함량을 나타내었던 무기물이 가약 흑염소 소주에서 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 특히 가약 흑염소 소주는 순 흑염소 소주도다 Ca, K, Mg가 2배이상 많은 함량을 나타내었다. 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 Ca, Fe는 감소하는 경향이었다. 순 흑염소 소주는 가약 흑염소소주보다 총 아미노산 함량이 높았으며, 가약 흑염소 소주는 glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, aspartic acid 순이었고, 순 흑염소 소주는 glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, aspartic acid, arginine 순이었으며, 한약재 증탕액은 gluta-mic acid와 aspartic acid 함량이 가장 높은 경향이었다.