• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.14-20
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• 2015

BACKGROUND: Contamination of source water by odorous compounds are one of the problems related to the water quality management, especially in Korea where surface water is used as drinking water. Geosmin (1, 10-trans-dimethyl-trans-9-decalol) and 2-MIB (2-methyl isoborneol : 1,2,7,7-tetramethyl-exo-bicycloheptan-2-ol) are commonly recognized earthy-musty odor compounds produced by algae causing serious problems to the drinking water purification facilities. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, spatial and temporal distribution of the odor compounds, geosmin and 2-MIB were investigated along with the development of phytoplankton in the Daechung reservoir from July 2012 to October 2013. CONCLUSION: Concentrations and frequencys of detection of both compounds increased from April to October which were related to cyanobacterial bloom periods. However, concentrations of odor compounds were not related to the number of cyanobacteria. Concentrations of both cyanobacteria and geosmin showed similar trends with depth. Pearson correlation analyses showed that geosmin concentration exhibited significant correlation with the count of Anabaena macrospora and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae. On the other hand, 2-MIB concentration showed a significant correlation with the count of Anabaena smithii.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.13-29
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• 2001

The enzyme activities of creatine kinase (CK), its isoenzyme MB (CK-MB) and of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme 1 (LD-1) have been used for years in diagnosing patients with chest pain in order to differentiate patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) from non-AMI patients. These methods are easy to perform as automated analyses, but they are not specific for cardiac muscle damage. During the early 90's the situation changed. First, creatine kinase ME mass (CK-MB mass) replaced the measurement of CK-MB activity. Subsequently cardiac-specific proteins, troponin T (cTnT) and troponin I (cTnI) appeared and displacing LD-1 analysis. However, troponin concentrations in blood increase only from four to six hours after onset of chest pain. Therefore a rapid marker such as myoglobin, fatty acid binding protein or glycogen phosphorylase BB could be used in early diagnosis of AMI. On the other hand, CK-MB isoforms alone may also be useful in rapid diagnosis of cardiac muscle damage. Myoglobin, CK-MB mass, cTnT and cTnI are nowadays widely used in diagnosing patients with acute chest pain. Myoglobin is not cardiac-specific and therefore requires supplementation with some other analyses such as troponins to support the myoglobin value. Troponins are very highly cardiac-specific. Only the sera of some patients with severe renal failure, which requires hemodialysis, have elevated cTnT and/or cTnI without there being any evidence of cardiac damage. The latest studies have shown that elevated troponin levels in sera of hemodialysis patients point to an increased risk of future cardiac events in a similar manner to the elevated troponin values in sera of patients with unstable angina pectoris. In addition, the bedside tests for cTnT and cTnI alone- or together with myoglobin and CK-ME mass can be used instead of quantitative analyses in the diagnosis of patients with chest pain. These rapid tests are easy to perform and they do not require expensive instrumentation. For the diagnosis of patient with chest pain, routinely myoglobin and CK-ME mass measurements should be performed whenever they are requested (24 h/day) and cTnT or cTnI on admission to the hospital and then 4-6 and 12 hours later and maintained less than 10% in imprecision.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.1074-1080
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• 1992

새로운 (5.8)블록 2진 선로부호를 제안하였다. 제안된 선로부호 MB58은 무직류(DC-free)성질 및 유한 연속장(runlength limited) 성질을 만족할 뿐만아니라, 대역폭이 나이퀴스트 주파수로 제한되므로 대역폭 효율이 개선된다. 또한 이 부호는 memoryless 부호이고, 오류 발생을 검출해 낼 수 있는 장점이 있으며 복호규칙이 간단하다. 제안된 선로부호에 대한 전력스펙트럼에서 DC(f=0)및 나이퀴스트 주파수(f=1/2Ts)에서 전력 영점이 존재함을 시뮬레이션을 통해 확인하였으며 눈 모양의 시뮬레이션을 통해 눈이 충분히 크게 됨을 확인하였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.1243-1249
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• 2016

Background: Expression of p53, cyclin D1, p21 (WAF1) and Ki-67 (MIB1) was evaluated in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) to test whether levels of these markers at invasive tumour fronts (ITFs) could predict the development of local recurrence. Materials and Methods: Archived paraffin-embedded specimens from 51 patients with T1/T2 tumours were stained immunohistochemically and analysed quantitatively. Local recurrence-free survival was tested with Kaplan-Meier survival plots (log-rank test) using median values to define low and high expression groups and with a Cox's proportional hazards model in which the expression scores were entered as continuous variables. Results: The assessment of expression of all markers was highly reliable, univariate analysis showing that patients with clear surgical margins, with low cyclin D1 and high p21 expression at the ITF had the best local recurrence-free survival. Multivariate analysis showed that these three parameters were independent prognostic factors but that neither p53 nor MIB1 expression were of prognostic value. Conclusions: Assessment of p53, cyclin D1, p21 (WAF1), and Ki-67 (MIB1) at the ITF could help to predict local recurrence in early stage oral squamous cell carcinoma cases.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.3723-3727
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• 2015

The p53 tumor suppressor protein is a principal mediator of growth arrest, senescence, and apoptosis in response to a broad array of cellular damage. p53 is a substrate for the ubiquitin-proteasome system, however, the ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s) involved in p53 ubiquitination have not been well studied. UBE2Q1 is a novel E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme gene. Here, we investigated the effect of UBE2Q1 overexpression on the level of p53 in the MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cell line as well as the interaction between UBE2Q1 and p53. By using a lipofection method, the p53 mutated breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-468, was transfected with the vector pCMV6-AN-GFP, containing UBE2Q1 ORF. Western blot analysis was employed to verify the overexpression of UBE2Q1 in MDA-MB-468 cells and to evaluate the expression level of p53 before and after cell transfection. Immunoprecipitation and GST pull-down protocols were used to investigate the binding of UBE2Q1 to p53. We established MDA-MB-468 cells that transiently expressed a GFP fusion proteins containing UBE2Q1 (GFP-UBE2Q1). Western blot analysis revealed that levels of p53 were markedly lower in UBE2Q1 transfected MDA-MB-468 cells as compared with control MDA-MB-468 cells. Both in vivo and in vitro data showed that UBE2Q1 co-precipitated with p53 protein. Our data for the first time showed that overexpression of UBE2Q1can lead to the repression of p53 in MDA-MB-468 cells. This repression of p53 may be due to its UBE2Q1 mediated ubiquitination and subsequent proteasome degradation, a process that may involve direct interaction of UBE2Q1with p53.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.523-529
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• 2008

Algal blooms in a local eutrophic lake often produces the musty and earthy taste & odor problems. Since the odor causing compounds(OCCs) including geosmin and 2-MIB have their own volatility, the OCCs can be removed from water by air stripping methods. Removal of TON(threshold odor number) as an index for OCCs could be fitted well with the first order equations($R^2=0.9$ above), where the air stripping coefficient of TON, k was in the range between 0.0055 and 0.0097 according to the aeration time. k within 30min aeration tests was 0.0097, while it was 0.0055 where the aeration time extended to 150min. With 15 mg/L of PAC, removal of TON was not simulated with 1st order equation within 30min aeration. Within 30min aeration, OCCs rather than geosmin and/or 2-MIB could be removed easily by air stripping or PAC adsorption, while OCCs such as geosmin and/or 2-MIB could be removed slowly by air stripping after 30min aeration. Geosmin and 2-MIB were not readily removed by air stripping(k of them were 0.0018~0.0047 and 0.0018~0.0034, respectively at different air flow rates). Geosmin could be removed by air stripping a little better than 2-MIB.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.746-750
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• 2011

Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) is an emerging fluorescence technique used to study the dynamics of proteins on a millisecond to microsecond time scale at the single-molecule level. Solution pH-modulated protein conformational changes can be manifested by binding rate, fluorescence lifetime, and binding specificity of a probe molecule. The fluorescence lifetime of Nile red (NR) bound to apomyoglobin (apoMb) was measured to be $6{\pm}0.3$ ns, much longer than that in water solution ($2.9{\pm}0.2$ ns). As the unfolding population of apoMb increased by lowering pH of solution, the fraction for the longer lifetime of NR decreased with an increasing fraction for the shorter lifetime of NR in water. Unlike 1-anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonic acid, which has many lifetimes due to nonspecific binding to the unfolded apoMb, NR bound to apoMb possesses only a single lifetime. These results suggest that NR binds specifically to native apoMb and thus can be utilized to probe the folding/unfolding dynamics of apoMb using FCS.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.343-352
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• 2014

Uncertainty and sensitivity analyses with respect to nuclear data are performed with depletion calculations for BWR and PWR fuel assemblies specified in the framework of the UAM-LWR Benchmark Phase II. For this, the GRS sampling based tool XSUSA is employed together with the TRITON depletion sequences from the SCALE 6.1 code system. Uncertainties for multiplication factors and nuclide inventories are determined, as well as the main contributors to these result uncertainties by calculating importance indicators. The corresponding neutron transport calculations are performed with the deterministic discrete-ordinates code NEWT. In addition, the Monte Carlo code KENO in multi-group mode is used to demonstrate a method with which the number of neutron histories per calculation run can be substantially reduced as compared to that in a calculation for the nominal case without uncertainties, while uncertainties and sensitivities are obtained with almost the same accuracy.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.1009-1015
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• 2009

Flavonoid류와 진정제의 시험관 내 암세포증식억제효과를 관찰하기 위하여, 암세포의 말초형 benzodiazepine 수용체(이하 PBR로 약함) 활성도와 포도당 활용도에 대한 효과를 유방암 세포를 대상으로 검색하였다. 동시에 이미 항암활성이 잘 알려진 flavonoid류와의 상호작용도 관찰하였다. Fisetin (3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone)과 diazepam의 암세포 증식 억제 효과는 악성도가 높은 MDA-MB-231 유방암 세포에서 MCF-7 유방암세포보다 저명하게 관찰되었다. MDA-MB-231 유방암세포에서, Apigenin (4',5,7-Trihydroxyflavone)과 fisetin 같은 flavonoid류처럼, $10^{-6}$ M 농도의 dazepam을 3일간 처치하였을 때 암세포 증식 억제효과를 나타내었으며, 이는 PBR 배위자들의 암세포 증식 증진효과와는 차이를 나타낸 것이다. Flavonoid 류처럼, MDA-MB-231 유방암세포에서, $10^{-6}$ M dazepam의 3일간 처치는 암세포의 PBR mRNA 발현에 큰 영향을 미치지 않았다. $10^{-6}$ M diazepam의 6 일간 처치는 암세포의 증식억제 효과가 증가되어 나타났으며, 암세포의 PBR mRNA 발현도 억제되었다. MDA-MB-231 유방암 세포에서, apigenin, fisetin과 diazepam은 포도당 유용도를 억제하였으며, 인슐린에 의한 포도당 유용도 증강효과도 억압하였다. Apigenin은 diazepam의 암세포 증식 억제 효과를 부가적으로 증강시켰다. 요약하면, 본 연구결과는 flavonoid류와 진정제의 시험관내 암세포 증식 억제효과와 부가적인 상호작용을 보여주고 있다. 결론적으로, 본 연구는 향후 좀더 진척된 시험을 위한 실험적인 기반 정보이다.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.144-148
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• 2005

본 논문은 $CMOS\;0.18\;{\mu}m$ 고정을 이용한 MB-OFDM UWB용 VGA를 설계하였다. 제 안된 VGA는 $-6\~45dB$의 가변이득 조정이 가능하고 3 dB Bandwidth는 필요 성능인 264 MHz를 만족하였다. 2단 연속 구조인 증폭부와 DC 성분을 제거하는 DC offset canceller로 구성되어 있고 1.8 V 바이어스에 4 mA 소비 전류를 만족하였다.