• 대한한의학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.40-50
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• 2000

Objectives : The progression of renal disease can be identified as a glomerulosclerosis by histological examination, and the basic mechanism of glomerulosclerosis is mesangial cell proliferation and mesangial matrix accumulation. ICAM-1, ${\beta}1-integrin$ and MHC-class II are known to attribute to the progression of glomerulosclerosis. They mediate cell-cell or cell-matrix interactions and are expressed in response to injury and inflammation. Up to now, there have been few satisfactory regimens to treat glomerular diseases except minimal change nephrotic syndrome, which can be improved by steroid therapy. Studies were performed in order to investigate whether Jinmu-tang has suppressive effects on some factors associated with the progression of glomerular disease, mesangial cell proliferation, fibronectin synthesis, ICAM-1, ${\beta}1-integrin$ and MHC-class II expression. Methods : Studies were performed with the method of surface enzyme immunoassays or flow cytometry after addition of peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC) supernatants treated with Jinmu-tang, using the cultured human mesangial cells. Results : 1. The suppressive effect of Jinmu-tang on mesangial cell proliferation was higher than that of hydrocortisone. 2. Jinmu-tang has some suppressive effects on fibronectin synthesis, ICAM-1, expression, ${\beta}1-integrin$ expression and MHC-class II expression of mesangial cells, but was lower than hydrocortisone. Conclusions : Jinmu-tang generally shows some immunosuppressive effects. We carefully suggest that the above prescription may be applied to prevent the progression of renal disease or can be used as an adjuvant of or a substitute for steroid therapy.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.46-54
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• 2010

Background: Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is initiated when alloreactive donor T cells are primed by host APCs to undergo clonal expansion and maturation. Since there is a controversy regarding the role of nonhematopoietic cells in GVHD, we wanted to investigate the influence of MHC disparity on nonhematopoietic cells on the pathogenesis of GVHD in the MHC-haplomismatched C57BL/6 ($H-2^b$) or DBA/2 $(H-2^b){\rightarrow}$unirradiated ($C57BL/6{\times}DBA/2$) $F_1(BDF_1;\;H-2^{b/d})$ murine model of acute GVHD (aGVHD) or chronic GVHD (cGVHD). Methods: We generated ($BDF_1{\rightarrow}C57BL/6$), ($BDF_1{\rightarrow}DBA/2$), and ($BDF1{\rightarrow}BDF_1$) chimeras and examined GVHD-related parameters and donor cell engraftment in those chimeras. Results: Using this experimental system, we found that 1) severe aGVHD across MHC Ag barrier depends on the expression of nonhematopoietically rather than hematopoietically derived alloAgs for maximal GVHD manifestations; 2) host APCs were sufficient to break B cell tolerance to self molecules in cGVHD, whereas host APCs were insufficient to induce autoimmunity in aGVHD; 3) donor cell engraftment was greatly enhanced in the host with MHC-matched nonhematopoietic cells. Conclusion: Taken together, our results provide an insight into how MHC disparity on GVHD target organs contribute to the pathogenesis of GVHD.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.347-354
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• 2013

Cordyceps militaris, a traditional medicinal mushroom, produces a component compound, cordycepin (3'-deoxyadenosine). Cordycepin has many pharmacological activities including immunological stimulating, anti-cancer, and anti-infection activities. However, the therapeutic mechanism has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we examined the effects of cordycepin on the antigen-presenting function of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Dendritic cells (DCs) were cultured in the presence of cordycepin and then allowed to phagocytose microspheres containing ovalbumin (OVA). After washing and fixing, the efficacy of OVA peptide presentation by DCs was evaluated using CD8 and CD4 T cells. Also, we confirmed the protein levels of proinflammatory cytokines through RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Cordycepin decreased both MHC class I and class II-restricted presentation of OVA and suppressed the expression of both MHC molecules and the phagocytic activity toward exogenous OVA. The class II-restricted OVA presentation-regulating activity of cordycepin was also confirmed using mice that had been injected with cordycepin followed by soluble OVA. Furthermore, cordycepin suppressed the mRNA and protein levels of iNOS, COX-2, pro-inflammatory cytokines in a concentration-dependent manner. These results provide an understanding of the mechanism of the T cell response-regulating activity of cordycepin through the inhibition of MHC-restricted antigen presentation in relation to its actions on APCs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2016

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II gene on resistance to Newcastle disease virus and body weight of the Thai indigenous chicken, Leung Hang Khao (Gallus gallus domesticus). Blood samples were collected for single nucleotide polymorphism analysis from 485 chickens. Polymerase chain reaction sequencing was used to classify single nucleotide polymorphisms of class II MHC. Body weights were measured at the ages of 3, 4, 5, and 7 months. Titres of Newcastle disease virus at 2 weeks to 7 months were determined and the correlation between body weight and titre was analysed. The association between single nucleotide polymorphisms and body weight and titre were analysed by a generalized linear model. Seven single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified: C125T, A126T, C209G, C242T, A243T, C244T, and A254T. Significant correlations between log titre and body weight were found at 2 and 4 weeks. Associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms and titre were found for C209G and A254T, and between all single nucleotide polymorphisms (except A243T) and body weight. The results showed that class II MHC is associated with both titre of Newcastle disease virus and body weight in Leung Hang Khao chickens. This is of concern because improved growth traits are the main goal of breeding selection. Moreover, the results suggested that MHC has a pleiotropic effect on the titre and growth performance. This mechanism should be investigated in a future study.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제26권12호
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• pp.2184-2191
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• 2016

The time-consuming and high-cost preparation of soluble peptide-major histocompatibility complexes (pMHC) currently limits their wide uses in monitoring antigen-specific T cells. The single-chain trimer (SCT) of peptide-${\beta}2m$-MHC class I heavy chain was developed as an alternative strategy, but its gene fusion is hindered in many cases owing to the incompatibility between the multiple restriction enzymes and the restriction endonuclease sites of plasmid vectors. In this study, overlap extension PCR and one-step cloning were adopted to overcome this restriction. The SCT gene of the $OVA_{257-264}$ peptide-$(GS_4)_3-{\beta}2m-(GS_4)_4-H-2K^b$ heavy chain was constructed and inserted into plasmid pET28a by overlap extension PCR and one-step cloning, without the requirement of restriction enzymes. The SCT protein was expressed in Escherichia coli, and then purified and refolded. The resulting $H-2K^b/OVA_{257-264}$ complex showed the correct structural conformation and capability to bind with $OVA_{257-264}$-specific T-cell receptor. The overlap extension PCR and one-step cloning ensure the construction of single-chain MHC class I molecules associated with random epitopes, and will facilitate the preparation of soluble pMHC multimers.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.102-110
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• 2006

Background: Dendritic cells (DC) are professional antigen-presenting cells in the immune system and can induce T cell response against virus infections, microbial pathogens, and tumors. Therefore, immunization using DC loaded with tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) is a powerful method of inducing anti-tumor immunity. For induction of effective anti-tumor immunity, antigens should be efficiently introduced into DC and presented on MHC class I molecules at high levels to activate antigen-specific $CD8^+$ T cells. We have been exploring methods for loading exogenous antigens into APC with high efficiency of Ag presentation. In this study, we tested the effect of the cationic liposome (Lipofectin) for transferring and loading exogenous model antigen (OVA protein) into BM-DC. Methods: Bone marrow-derived DC (EM-DC) were incubated with OVA-Lipofectin complexes and then co-cultured with B3Z cells. B3Z activation, which is expressed as the amount of ${\beta}$-galactosidase induced by TCR stimulation, was determined by an enzymatic assay using ${\beta}$-gal assay system. C57BL/6 mice were immunized with OVA-pulsed DC to monitor the in vivo vaccination effect. After vaccination, mice were inoculated with EG7-OVA tumor cells. Results: BM-DC pulsed with OVA-Lipofectin complexes showed more efficient presentation of OVA-peptide on MHC class I molecules than soluble OVA-pulsed DC. OVA-Lipofectin complexes-pulsed DC pretreated with an inhibitor of MHC class I-mediated antigen presentation, brefeldin A, showed reduced ability in presenting OVA peptide on their surface MHC class I molecules. Finally, immunization of OVA-Lipofectin complexes-pulsed DC protected mice against subsequent tumor challenge. Conclusion: Our data provide evidence that antigen-loading into DC using Lipofectin can promote MHC class I- restricted antigen presentation. Therefore, antigen-loading into DC using Lipofectin can be one of several useful tools for achieving efficient induction of antigen-specific immunity in DC-based immunotherapy.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.279-284
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• 2004

사람의 지문은 그 인식 성능과 종생 불변성 및 만인 부동성으로 인하여 신원 인증을 위한 생채 인식에서 가장 많이 이용되고 있다. 최근에는 지문인식의 신뢰성에 더하여, 그 인증속도가 지문인식을 각종 보안 어플리케이션에 응용하는데 있어서 매우 중요한 요소로 부각되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 생체면역계에서의 자기 비자기구별 과정에 착안한 빠르고 신뢰성 있는 지문인식 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안한 매칭알고리즘은 지문영상의 특징점과 방향성분을 반영한 자기 공간 (self-space)과 MHC 인식부를 이용한 1차 매칭과, 특징점의 로컬 구조(local structure)를 이용한 2차 매칭의 두 단계로 구성된다. 이러한 2단계의 매칭을 통하여 인식의 신뢰성을 유지하면서 인증속도를 향상시켰다.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.62-72
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate QOL and the factors related to family caregivers who care for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) patients. Methods: The subjects were 83 family caregivers caring for ALS patients who visited the neurology outpatient section of a tertiary hospital located in Seoul between January and July of 2008. Their demographic characteristics were assessed and data were collected using the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis functional rating scale (ALSFRS), the caregiver burden inventory (CBI), HADS, and SF-36. Results: The mean score of the physical health component (PHC) of the family caregiver's QOL was $62.6{\pm}24.4$, and the mean score of the mental health component (MHC) of their QOL was $57.7{\pm}22.4$. The mean score of caregiver burden was $76.5{\pm}30.7$. Anxious family caregivers amounted to 55.4% and depressed family caregivers accounted for 63.9% overall. In a multivariate analysis, the PHC of QOL was explained by caregiver burden (41.1%), depression (9.4%), caregiver gender (3.8%), and caregiver age (3.1%). Anxiety (39.8%), caregiver burden (10.9%), patient gender (5.4%) and depression (1.7%) were predictive factors of the MHC of QOL. Conclusion: Caregiver burden and depression affected both the PHC and the MHC. Caregiver burden affected the PHC more than it did the MHC of QOL, but anxiety affected the MHC more than it did the PHC of QOL.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제29권11호
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• pp.1173-1181
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• 1996

동종동맥판의 보존기법이 발전하면서 상당한 정도의 생육성이 보존되며, 특히 면역반응의 주된 요인인 내피세포 생육성이 약 50%이상 보존되기 때문에 보존처리된 동종동맥판 내피세포의 면역능력을 평가하는것이 동종동맥판의 임상적변화의 원인을 규명하는데 필요할 것이다. 실험은 200~250gm의 Sprague-Dawley Rat를 사용하였다. Rat로부터 적출한 동맥벽을 현재 임상적으로 사용하고 있는 냉장보존법과 냉동보존법을 사용하여 2주일간 보존하였으며 보존처리전(No treat)과 멸균처리후(sterile),냉장 보존후 1(1day), 2(2day), 7(7day), 14일째(14day), 2주간의 냉동보존후(cryo)에 표본을 채취하여 보존시간에 따른 변화를 관찰하였다. 면역표현에 대한 연구를 위하여 혈관조직으로부터 내피세포를 분리한 뒤 면역조직화학검사(Immunohistochemical study)를 하였다. 혈관내피세포의 항원 표현정도를 정량적으로 분석하기 위하여 anti-MHC class I antibody(MRC OX-18)과 anti-MHC class II antibody(MRC OX-6), anti-ICAM antibody를 사용하였다. 처리된 내피세포를 Flow cytomwtry로 분석하여 항체가 부착된 내피세포의 비율을 알아냄으로써 내피세포의 항원성(antigenic expression)을 조사하였다. 또한 보존처리된 동종동맥판에 의한 생체내에서의 면역반응을 평가하기 위하여 위에서와 같은 방법으로 보존처리전(No treat), 멸균처리 후 2일 보존후(2 day), 7일 보존후(7 day), 14일 보존 후(14 day), 냉동보존(cryo)된 동종동맥판을 Mouse에 이식한 후 일정기간(1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8주)이 경과된 시점에서 혈중의 CD4$^{+}$, CD8$^{+}$ T cell분포를 측정하였다. 이를 위하여 Mouse의 미정맥에서 채취한 혈액에 monoclonal antibody를 처리한 뒤 flow cytometry를 이용하여 lymphocyte중의 CD4$^{+}$, CD8$^{+}$ T cell 비율을 측정하였다. 내피세포의 MHC Class I 표현정도는 No treat에서 23.95%였고, sterile에서 48.08%로 증가한 뒤 14day 까지 36.02%로, cryo에서도 35.53% 로 증가되어 있었다(p=0.0183). MHC Class II 표현정도는 No treat에서 9.72%, sterile에서 10.13%이였고 14day 에서 10.27%, cryo 에서 13.39% 였다(P=0.1599). ICAM-1 표현정도는 No treat에서 15.02%, sterile에서 19.85%였고, 14day에서 35.33%, cryo에서 34.67% 로 증가하였다(P=0.001). 정상 Mouse에서 CD4$^{+}$, CD8$^{+}$ T-cell분포는 각각 42.13%, 25.57% 였고 CD4$^{+}$/CD8$^{+}$ ratio는 1.64였다. 동종동맥을 이식받은 Mouse의 정맥혈중 CD4$^{+}$ T-cell분포는 No treat군에서 1주에서 8주사이에 49.23% 에서 36.8%사이로 변화를 보이지 않았고(p=0.955), 2 day군에서는 30.36%로 감소하였고(p=0.0001), 7day군에서는 32.8%로 감소하였고(p=0.008), 14 day 군은 26.92%로 감소(p=0.0001), cryo군은 29.56%로 감소하였다(p=0.0018). CD8$^{+}$T-cell은 모든 군에서 1주에서 8주 사이에 42.32%에서 58.92%사이로 증가하였다(p=0.0001~0.0002). CD4$^{+}$/CD8$^{+}$ ratio는 모든 군에서 1주에 1.22 에서 2.28 사이에 있었으나 8주후에는 모든 군에서 0.47에서 0.95 사이로 감소하였다(p=0.0001). 즉, 보존처리된 동종동맥판의 내피세포는 보존처리과정의 초기에는 MHC class I과 II항원효과를 동시에 보이고, 보존기간이 길어지면서 MHC class II항원효과는 변함이 없으나 MHC class I 항원효과는 증가함을 알 수 있다. 또한 CD4$^{+}$ T-cell은 보존처리 기간 중 소폭의 변환를 보임에 반하여 CD8$^{+}$ T-cell은 보존처리된 기간에 관계없이 이식된 후 8주간에 걸쳐 지속적으로 증가함을 알 수 있다. 4$^{\circ}C$에 냉장보존한 군과 냉동보존한 군간에는 차이가 없었다. 이와같은 결과를 볼 때 동종동맥판을 체내에 이식할 경우 내피세포에 의한 MHC class I 항원효과가 지속적으로 유지되고 있음을 추측할 수 있다.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.109-114
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• 2007

Fingerprints have been widely used in the biometric authentication because of its performance, uniqueness and universality. Lately, the speed of identification has become a very important aspect in the fingerprint-based security applications. Also, the reliability still remains the main issue in the fingerprint identification. A fast and reliable fingerprint matching algorithm based on the process of the 'self-nonself' discrimination in the biological immune system was proposed. The proposed algorithm is organized by two-matching stages. The 1st matching stage utilized the self-space and MHC detector string set that are generated from the information of the minutiae and the values of the directional field. The 2nd matching stage was made based on the local-structure of the minutiae. The proposed matching algorithm reduces matching time while maintaining the reliability of the matching algorithm.