• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.365-373
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• 2007

We optimized the compositions of electrolyte and additives for anode in Ni-MH battery to improve the electrode characteristics at ambient and low temperatures using response surface method(RSM). Among various additives for anode, PTFE exhibited the greatest influence on the discharge capacity of the anode. Through response optimization process, we found the optimum composition of the additives to exhibit the greatest discharge capacity. When the amount of additives was too small, the anode was degraded with time due to the low binding strength among alloy powders and the resultant separation of powders from the current collector. In contrast, the addition of large amount of the additives increased in the resistance of the electrode. In addition, the discharge capacity of the anode at $-18^{\circ}C$ increased with decreasing the concentration of KOH, NaOH and LiOH in design range of electrolyte. The resistance and viscosity of electrolyte appear to affect the discharge capacity of the anode at low temperature.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.20-28
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate anti-obesity effect of Scutellariae Radix extract combined with metformin. Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice, 4 weeks of age, were used to set high-fat diet induced obesity model. They were grouped NOR (normal control), HFD (high fat diet control), MET (metformin, 100 mg/kg/day), MH2 (metformin 50 mg/kg/day+Scutellariae Radix 200 mg/kg/day), and HG4 (Scutellariae Radix 400 mg/kg/day). MET, MH2, and HG4 were orally administered for 10 weeks. Body weight was measured every week. Fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) were measured before sacrifice. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was also performed. Organ weight and internal fat weight were measured after sacrifice. Results: MH2 group showed a reduction of body weight when compared with HFD group. MH2 group showed stable blood level control which was calculated areas under the curves by OGTT. TC, GOT, GPT level, internal fat, and organ weight in MH2 group reduced. Conclusions: The combined treatment of Scutellariae Radix and Metformin has impact on treating obesity. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effect of Metformin and herbal medicine combination therapy.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.10
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• pp.1333-1339
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• 2010

The present study was conducted to determine plasma acetate, glucose and protein metabolism using dilution of isotopes [[1-$^{13}C$]Na acetate, [U-$^{13}C$]glucose and [1-$^{13}C$]leucine (Leu)] in sheep fed rice straw (Oriza japonica L.). Four sheep were assigned to either rice straw (RS-diet) or mixed hay (MH-diet) with a crossover design. Nitrogen (N) intake and N digestibility were lower (p = 0.002 and p = 0.02, respectively) for RS-diet than MH-diet, but N retention did not differ (p>0.10) between the diets. Concentrations of rumen acetate tended to be lower (p = 0.07), and propionate was higher (p = 0.02) for RS-diet than MH-diet. Concentrations of plasma lactate, non-esterified fatty acids, Leu and ${\alpha}$-ketoisocaproic acid did not differ (p>0.10) between the diets, but plasma glucose and urea concentrations were lower (p = 0.01 and p = 0.003, respectively) for RS-diet than MH-diet. Turnover rate of plasma acetate did not differ (p = 0.39) between the diets, and plasma glucose and Leu turnover rates were numerically lower (p = 0.15 and p = 0.14, respectively) for RS-diet than MH-diet. Whole body protein synthesis and degradation did not differ (p>0.10) between the diets. Thus it can be concluded that the intermediary metabolism of acetate, glucose and protein on rice straw is comparable to mixed hay in sheep.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.523-529
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• 2016

An isotope dilution method using $[U-^{13}C]glucose$ and $[1-^{13}C]leucine$ (Leu) was conducted to evaluate the effects of rice straw supplemented with urea and molasses (RSUM-diet) on plasma glucose and Leu turnover rates in sheep. Nitrogen (N) balance, rumen fermentation characteristics and blood metabolite concentrations were also determined. Four sheep were fed either mixed hay (MH-diet), or a RSUM-diet with a crossover design for two 21 days period. Feed allowance was computed on the basis of metabolizable energy at maintenance level. The isotope dilution method was performed as the primed-continuous infusion on day 21 of each dietary period. Nitrogen intake was lower (p = 0.01) for the RSUM-diet and N digestibility did not differ (p = 0.57) between diets. Concentrations of rumen total volatile fatty acids tended to be higher (p = 0.09) for the RSUM-diet than the MH-diet. Acetate concentration in the rumen did not differ (p = 0.38) between diets, whereas propionate concentration was higher (p = 0.01) for the RSUM-diet compared to the MH-diet. Turnover rates as well as concentrations of plasma glucose and Leu did not differ between diets. It can be concluded that kinetics of plasma glucose and Leu metabolism were comparable between the RSUM-diet and the MH-diet, and rumen fermentation characteristics were improved in sheep fed the RSUM-diet compared to the MH-diet.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.259-265
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• 2013

The marine microalgae Nannochloropsis sp. was cultured under a metal halide lamp (MH) or light-emitting diodes (LEDs) of various wavelengths (blue, LB; red, LR; yellow, LY; green, LG; white, LW); changes in growth, total carotenoid, chlorophyll a, amino acid and fatty acid profiles were investigated. LB-exposed cultures exhibited the highest specific growth rate (SGR) (0.32), whereas LY-exposed cultures showed the lowest SGR (0.18). After cultivation for 9 days, the maximum dry cell weight (g/L) of LB-exposed cultures was significantly higher than that of those exposed to other light conditions (LB>MH>LW$${\geq_-}LG{\geq_-}$$LR>LY). The essential amino acid (EAA, %) contents of cultures exposed to LG, LB, LR and MH were higher than those exposed to LY and LW (P<0.05). Eicosapentaenoic acid and n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid levels were significantly higher in MH-exposed cultures compared to those exposed to LY (P<0.05), with no marked difference compared to those exposed to LB, LG, LR and LW (P>0.05). The total carotenoid content was highest in LR-exposed cultures (18.0 mg/L), whereas MH showed the lowest (11.8 mg/L; P<0.05). Chlorophyll a content was highest in cultures exposed to LR compared to other light sources. These results suggest consistent differences in growth and biochemical composition after exposure to light of different wavelengths.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.71-84
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• 2013

Most gas hydrates (GH) occur in ocean sediments. Global GH reserves are estimated to be $10^{13}{\sim}20{\times}10^{15}m^3$, which is nearly 1,000 times the amount of current world energy consumption. Methane hydrate (MH) has the potential to be developed into future natural gas resources to replace traditional oil and gas resources, and thus MH production technologies such as depressurization, inhibitor injection, thermal stimulation, and $CO_2-CH_4$ substitution need to be further developed. MH production, which is expected to be in test production until 2014 in Korea, is focused on the development of GH production technologies for use in the commercial production of methane gas. This study compares MH production technology and its ability to meet the twin goals of being both effective and environmentally friendly while taking into consideration the complex phenomena of GH decomposition.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.304-312
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• 2021

Objective: This study aimed to compare the amount of tooth movement after multiple horizontal (MH) and single vertical (SV) micro-osteoperforations (MOPs), and evaluate the histological changes after orthodontic force application in rabbits. Methods: The mandibles of 24 white rabbits were subjected to two experimental interventions: MH and SV MOPs. Defect volume of the MOPs between the two groups was kept similar. A force of 100 cN was applied via a coil spring between the incisor teeth and the first premolars. The amount of tooth movement was measured. Differences in the amount of tooth movement and bone variables at three time points and between the two groups were evaluated using repeated-measures analysis of variance. Results: The first premolar showed a mesial movement of 1.47 mm in the MH group and 1.84 mm in the SV group, which was significantly different at Week 3 (p < 0.05). No significant difference was observed in bone volume and bone fraction between the groups. Tartrate-resistant acidic phosphatase-positive cell count was also significantly greater at Week 3 than at Week 1 in both the SV and MH groups. Conclusions: The amount of tooth movement showed significant differences between Weeks 1 and 3 in the SV and MH MOP groups, but showed no differences between the two groups. Therefore, SV MOP could be considered an effective tool for enhancing tooth movement, especially for molar distalization, uprighting, and protraction to an edentulous area.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.400-407
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• 2013

This study was performed to analyze the effect of light quality of discharge lamp on growth and phytochemicals contents of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Jeokchima) grown under metal halide (MH) lamp, high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamp, and xenon (XE) lamp in a plant factory. Cool-white fluorescent (FL) lamp was used as the control. Photoperiod, air temperature, relative humidity, $CO_2$ concentration, and photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) in a plant factory were 16/8 h (day/night), $22/18^{\circ}C$, 70%, 400 ${\mu}mol{\cdot}mol^{-1}$, and 200 ${\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$, respectively. MH lamp had the greatest fraction of blue light (400-500 nm) of 23.0%. However, HPS lamp had the lowest fraction of 4.7% for blue light and the greatest fraction of 38.0% for red light (600-700 nm). At 11 and 21 days after transplanting, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, shoot fresh weight, and shoot dry weight of lettuce as affected by the light quality of the discharge lamp were significantly different. The leaf area of lettuce grown under HPS, MH, and XE lamp increased by 45.7%, 16.3%, and 9.5%, respectively, as compared to the control. These results were similar for shoot fresh weight. Growth characteristics of lettuce grown under HPS lamp increased since HPS lamp had more fraction of red light. However, growth of lettuce grown under MH and XE lamp decreased since they had more fraction of blue light. As compared to the control, the ascorbic acid in lettuce leaves grown under discharge lamp decreased. The greatest anthocyanins accumulation of 0.70 mg/100 g was found at MH treatment. Anthocyanins content in lettuce leaves grown under XL and HPS lamp were 79.3% and 8.6%, respectively, compared with the control. Growth and phytochemicals contents of lettuce were highly affected by the different spectral distribution of the discharge lamp. These results indicate that the combination of discharge lamp or LED lamp for enhancing the light quality of discharge lamps is required to increase the growth and phytochemicals accumulation of lettuce in controlled environment such as plant factory.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.109-116
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• 2008

In this study, the breads with medicinal herbs (MH) composites showing immunostimulating activity were prepared and their characteristics were examined. Fourteen kinds of medicinal herbs were extracted with hot water and divided into 3 groups (MH-1, MH-2, MH-3) based on their contents. All groups showed immunostimulating activity in terms of macrophage phagocytosis, nitrite production, cytostatic activity and cytokine production. In the preparation of breads containing MH extracts of various contents (0, 30, 50, 70, and 100%), there was no significant difference among dough pHs of all groups after first fermentation, but loaf volume was significantly (p<0.05) increased in 70% added group while decreased in 30%, 50%, and 100% added groups compared to the control. The "a" and "b" values of bread crumb increased with the content of MH extracts while "L" value decreased, but these values of bread crust were similar to the control group. Most improvements in hardness, adhesiveness, gumminess and chewiness of bread were noticed by the addition of 70% MH extracts, but those of springiness, cohesiveness and resilience were mostly by the 50% addition ones. Through the sensory evaluation, it was revealed that mouth feeling, taste and overall preference decreased at breads containing 70% and 100% extracts, although appearance and crumb texture were not significantly (p<0.05) different among all groups.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.83-91
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• 1995

A new method for preparation of thin nickel foam for Ni-MH battery was investigated. In this method, fine graphite powders of $1\mu\textrm{m}$～$2\mu\textrm{m}$ diameter were pasted into pores of thin polyurethane foam film in order to supply electric conducting seeds for nickel deposition by electroless plating reaction. After electroless plating, remaining polyurethane foam was removed chemically by organic solvent treatment and graphite particles also removed by ultrasonic cleaning. Porosity of formed nickel foam was about 85% During electroplating, porosity of the nickel foam decreased less than 5% up to $30\mu\textrm{m}$ coating thickness. And then it was electroplated and heat-treated to improve mechanical strength and ductility. Finally, thin nickel foam for Ni electrode of Ni-MH battery with 80% porosity and $350\mu\textrm{m}$～X$400\mu\textrm{m}$ thickness was obtained.