• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.255-259
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• 2007

The solvent extracts of Oenothera laciniata, which were extracted by using several solvents with different polarities, were prepared for utility as a natural preservative. The O. laciniata extract by 80% ethanol was sequentially fractionated with n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate, and butanol. The antibacterial activities and cell growth inhibition were investigated on each strain with the different concentrations of O. laciniata extracts. Antibacterial activities were shown in ethanol, ethylacetate, and butanol fraction of O. laciniata. However n-hexane, dichloromethane and water fraction showed weak antibacterial activity against the tested microorganisms. Among the five fractions, ethylacetate fraction showed the highest antibacterial activities against microorganisms tested, such as Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium. The polyphenolic compounds widely occurring in the traditional medicine plants have been reported to possess high antibacterial activity. The polyphenolic compounds from ethanol, n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate, butanol, and water fraction were 63.96 mg/g, 8.49 mg/g, 28.11 mg/g, 172.64 mg/g, 114.56 mg/g, and 34.91 mg/g, respectively. There are some relationships between antibacterial activity and polyphenol content in natural plant. The ethylacetate fraction could be suitable for the development of a food preservative.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.45-63
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• 2011

Objective : Atractyloides Chinensis Rhizome (ACR) is widely used in oriental medicine as a remedy for an inflammation and an allergic disease. However, as yet there is no clear explanation of how ACR affects the production of inflammatory cytokine. This study was to determine the effects of ACR on the mast cell-mediated inflammatory responses. Method : The amount of inflammatory cytokine production induced by the phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) plus calcium ionophore(A23187) in the human mast cell line (HMC-1) incubated with various concentrations of ACR was measured. The TNF-${\alpha}$ protein levels were analysised by Western blots. The TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6 and IL-8 secreted protein levels were measured by the ELISA assay. The TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA levels were measured by the RT-PCR analysis. NF-${\kappa}$B, phospho-I${\kappa}$B and MAPKs were examined by Western blot analysis. The NF-${\kappa}$B promoter activity was examined by a luciferase assay. Results : 1. The expressions of TNF-${\alpha}$ and TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA were decreased dose-dependently at 0.05-0.2mg/$m\ell$ of ACR and significantly decreased at 0.2mg/$m\ell$. 2. The expressions of IL-6 and IL-6 mRNA were decreased dose-dependently at 0.05-0.2mg/$m\ell$ of ACR and significantly decreased at 0.2mg/$m\ell$. 3. The expressions of IL-8 and IL-8 mRNA were decreased dose-dependently at 0.05-0.2mg/$m\ell$ of ACR and significantly decreased at 0.2mg/$m\ell$ specially. 4. The expressions of Phosphorylated-JNK were decreased, not p38, ERK 5. The expressions of NF-${\kappa}$B were decreased dose-dependently at 0.1-0.2mg/$m\ell$ of ACR. The expressions of Phosphorylated I${\kappa}$B were significantly decreased at 0.2mg/$m\ell$. In addition, ACR suppressed PMA plus A23187-induced NF-${\kappa}$B promoting activity. Conclusion : It is suggested that ACR should suppress through inhibition of NF-${\kappa}$B activity and cytokine production.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.324-330
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• 2018

The objective of this study was to evaluate antioxidant effect and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of white beech mushroom (Hypsizygus marmoreus) extracts. The white beech mushroom was extracted into hot water and methanol. Total polyphenol content was highest in the hot water extract ($8.4{\pm}3.27mg\;GAE/g$) compared to the methanol extract ($7.3{\pm}2.85mg\;GAE/g$). The flavonoids contents in hot water and methanol extracts were $3.8{\pm}3.81ug/mg$ and $2.5{\pm}1.95ug/mg$, respectively. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity of extract was increased in a dose dependent manner and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of extract (hot water extract, 69.72%; methanol extract, 52.67% at 40 mg/ml) was lower than those of positive control 2% arbutin (96%). The DPPH radical scavenging activity of the hot water and methanol extract was 80% and 74%, respectively. Hot water extract ($63.34{\pm}1.00uM\;TE/g$) were more effective in ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity) value than methanol extract ($46.33{\pm}0.48uM\;TE/g$). The toxicity of hot water and methanol extracts was investigated using WST-1 (4-[3-(4-iodophenyl)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)-2H-5-tetrazolio]-1,3-benzene disulphonate) assay on the B16BL6 melanoma cells.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.99-107
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• 2014

Melamine-induced nephrotoxicity is closely associated with crystal formation in the kidney caused by combined exposure to melamine (Mel) and cyanuric acid (CA). However, there are few dosage-finding studies for toxicological evaluation of chronic co-exposure to Mel and CA. The objective of this study was to investigate the possible mechanism by which a Mel and CA mixture lead to renal toxicity in rats. Mel and CA were co-administered to rats via oral gavage for 50 days. Nephrotoxicity was determined by measuring blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (sCr) levels. Relative kidney weights were significantly increased in rats after co-exposure to Mel+CA (63/6.3 or 630/6.3 mg/kg) mixtures. BUN and sCr levels were significantly increased after Mel and CA co-exposure. Taken together, significant increase in KIM-1, NGAL, and calbindin levels were observed in the urine of rats exposed to Mel+CA (63/6.3 or 630/6.3 mg/kg) compared with the corresponding control group. Histological analysis revealed epithelial degeneration and necrotic cell death in the proximal tubules of the kidney after co-exposure to Mel+CA (63/6.3 or 630/6.3 mg/kg). Our data suggest that Mel-mediated renal toxicity may be influenced by CA concentrations in Mel-contaminated milk or foods.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.54.2-54.2
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• 2011

DTBP (dimethyl 3,3`-dithiobispropionimidate) was applied to collagen and gelatin coating on BCP granules and a crosslinking agent. The DTBP crosslinking was done for decreasing the solubility of the coating and hence increasing the stability. The nanostructure of collagen and gelatin coating surfaces were observed by SEM technique. Based on the DSC thermograms and FT-IR spectrums, the crosslinkings were confirmed between collagen molecules and gelatin molecules. The compressive strength was measured before crosslinking and after that. In-vitro study was carried out by measuring cell viability and observing cell morphology after DTBP crosslinking. Moreover, the proliferation ability of MG-63 osteoblast-like cells on the crosslinked BCP granules was evaluated by Western blot assay. The BCP granules were implanted into rabbit femur for 4 weeks and 12 weeks. The bone tissue formation was analyzed with micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and histological analysis was also carried out by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining for visualization of cells.

• 대한치주과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.46-47
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• 2002

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.16-20
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• 2008

Three flavonoids (1 - 3) and three phenolic compounds (4 - 6) were isolated from the whole plant of Geranium thunbergii Sieb. et Zucc (Geraniaceae). Their structures were determined by chemical and spectral analysis. These compounds were examined for the inhibitory activity of IL-6 production in $TNF-{\alpha}$ stimulated MG-63 cell. Among the isolated compounds, gallic acid (4) and gallic acid methyl ester (6) showed potent inhibitory activity.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2009

This study was performed to elucidate the effects of addition of ${\beta}-lactoglobulin$ and bovine serum albumin (BSA) in vitro maturation (IVM) and in vitro culture (IVC) medium on porcine embryo production. The development rate to the 2 cell ($71.4{\sim}75.6%$) and blastocyst stages ($6.8{\sim}13.3%$) with different BSA concentrations in IVM medium were similar among treatment groups. Blastocyst hatching rate was significantly higher in the control group (0.0mg/ml) than in the group of 1.0mg/ml supplement (20.0% vs. 0.0%; p<0.05). The development rate to the 2 cell ($62.0{\sim}70.6%$) and blastocyst stages ($15.4{\sim}38.5%$) with different ${\beta}-lactoglobulin$ concentrations in IVM medium was similar among treatment groups. The development rate to the blastocyst was significantly higher in the group of 1.0mg/ml(15.3%) than in the group of 0.5mg/ml supplement (7.6%, p<0.05). The development rate to the 2 cell and blastocyst stages following the first addition of ${\beta}-lactoglobulin$ in IVM medium was significantly higher in the control group (77.0% and 18.9%) and was $0{\sim}44\;hr$(77.2% and 16.9%) greater than that observed in other treatment groups (p<0.05). The development rate to the 2 cell stage ($68.1{\sim}74.8%$) and blastocyst stages ($9.2{\sim}12.7%$) with different BSA concentrations in IVC medium was similar among treatment groups. However, blastocyst hatching rate was significantly higher in the group of 3.0mg/ml supplement (30.0%) than in the control group (0.0%; p<0.05). The development rate to the 2 cell stage ($72.9{\sim}78.0%$), blastocyst ($7.1{\sim}14.2%$) and hatching stages ($33.3{\sim}38.1%$) were not different. The development rate to the 2 cell stage ($63.6{\sim}72.5%$), blastocyst ($8.4{\sim}16.1%$) and hatching stages ($18.2{\sim}37.5%$) at the different culture periods were similar among treatment groups. This study suggested that if the addition level and periods of ${\beta}-lactoglobulin$ addition are adjusted, it is possible to replace BSA in the in vitro porcine embryo production.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.71-77
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• 1996

Embryogenic callus was selected from callus induced from hypocotyl segment cultures of Daucus carota seedlings on MS basal medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D. Cell clumps prepared from the embryogenic callus were transferred to MS medium without 2,4-D for somatic embryo development. Cotyledonary abnormalities were frequently observed on somatic embryos developed after the incubation of cell clumps in MS basal medium with 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D for one week and then subculture in the same medium but without 2.4-D for two weeks. The percentage of abnormalities was as follows: 5% one cotyledon, 21% three cotyledons, 6% four cotyledons, 5% five cotyledons, 0.2% six cotyledons and 1% trumpet-like cotyledons. On the other hand, the normal somatic embryo with two cotyledons appeared at 63%. The germination rate of somatic embryos was higher in two cotyledon somatic embryos than in multicotyledonary embryos. Trumpet-like somatic embryos did not germinate normally showing limited elongation and enlargement of roots and cotyledons without shoot development. From anatomical examination circular procambium in the root of somatic embryo began to branch around the middle regions of the hypocotyl which extended into the cotyledons through the cotyledonary nodes and the number of branched procambial strands in hypocotyl was equal to the number of cotyledons. Monocotyledonous somatic embryo always had larger cotyledon than that of somatic embryos with multicotyledons and had horseshoe-like cotyledons where the procambium was of the same structure.ucture.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.190-197
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• 2002

Objectives : This study was performed to examine the effect of Yukmigiwhang-tang kamibang, a mixture of oriental herbal extracts, on the transcription of bone fonnation genes, BMP4 (bone morphogenetic protein 4) and TG2 (transglutaminase-2). Methods : Bone-related cells, MG-63 (human male osteosarcoma), HOS-TE85 (human female osteosarcoma), and KG-l (bone marrow) were cultured with portions of Yukmigiwhang-tang kamibang and the transcription activities of bone-related genes, BMP4 (bone morphogenetic protein 4) and TG2 (transglutaminase-2), were determined by Reverse-Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Results : Transcription of BMP4 gene in HOS-TE85 cell increased up to 40% at 0.3% (v/v) of Yukmigiwhang- tang kamibang extract and that of TG2 gene in MG-63 cells also increased up to 40% at 0.3-0.4% of the same extract. Although it was less significant when compared to those in other cells, the transcription of BMP4 gene in KG-l cells also increased up to 10 to 25%. Conclusions : These results clearly demonstrated that Yukmigiwhang-tang kamibang have an effect on transcription activity of bone-related genes, TG2 and BMP4, suggesting that it may play an important role in bone formation.