• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2010.11b
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• pp.599-602
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• 2010

조절반응의 평가는 옵토메트리 검사의 중요한 일부분이다. 본 연구는 조절반응의 타각적인 검사방법인 자동굴절계와 MEM 검영법 및 Nott 동적검영법으로 측정한 검사결과의 상관성과 차이를 비교하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 취지에 동의하는 19~29사이(평균나이 22.22${\pm}$2.43세)의 정상시력을 가진 27명의 대학생을 선정하여 4D(25cm)의 조절자극이 주어진 상태에서 자동굴절계(Shin-Nippon NVision-K 5001)와 MEM 검영법 및 Nott 동적검영법을 실시하여 조절 반응을 측정하였다. 4D의 조절자극에 대한 조절반응은 자동굴절계(Shin-Nippon NVision-K 5001) 3.70${\pm}$0.25D, MEM 검영법 3.58${\pm}$0.30D 그리고 Nott 동적검영법 3.77${\pm}$0.29D로 각각 측정되었다. 3가지 검사는 상호간에 높은 상관성이 있었다(p<0.05). MEM 검영법은 Nott 동적검영법보다 0.19${\pm}$0.13D 더 낮게 측정되었고(p<0.05), 자동굴절계(Shin-Nippon NVision-K 5001) 보다 0.12${\pm}$0.24D 더 낮게 측정되었다(p<0.05). Nott 동적검영법과 자동굴절계(Shin-Nippon NVision-K 5001)로 측정한 값은 유의한 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). MEM 검영법으로 측정한 조절반응은 Nott 동적검영법이나 자동굴절계로 측정한 값보다 더 낮았다. 저자는 조절반응을 평가할 때, MEM 검영법을 제외한 Nott 동적검영법과 자동굴절계(Shin-Nippon NVision-K 5001)는 상호 대체하여 사용할 수 있다고 주장한다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.3406-3411
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• 2010

Assessment of the accommodative response is an essential part of the optometric examination. This study measured objectively the accommodation responses those were measured by Autorefractor, MEM retinoscopy and Nott dynamic retinoscopy, and investigate the correlation and difference the results. Twenty-seven college students with normal visual acuity aged 19 to 29 years (mean $22.7{\pm}2.43$ years) participated in this study. Their accommodative responses to accommodative demand of 4D (25cm) were measured with Shin-Nippon NVision-K 5001 Autorefractor, MEM retinoscopy and Nott dynamic retinoscopy. The accommodative responses to accommodative demand of 4D were $3.70{\pm}0.25D$ by Shin-Nippon NVision-K 5001 Autorefractor, $3.58{\pm}0.30D$ by MEM retinoscopy and $3.77{\pm}0.29D$ by Nott dynamic retinoscopy, respectively. There were high correlations among the three techniques (p<0.05). MEM retinoscopy was measured $0.19{\pm}0.13D$ lower than Nott dynamic retinoscopy (p<0.05) and it was measured $0.12{\pm}0.24D$ lower than Shin-Nippon NVision-K 5001 Autorefractor (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between Nott dynamic retinoscopy and Shin-Nippon NVision-K 5001 Autorefractor (p>0.05). MEM retinoscopy showed lesser accommodative responses than Nott dynamic retinoscopy and Shin-Nippon NVision-K 5001 Autorefractor. Author suggest that Nott dynamic retinoscopy may use Shin-Nippon NVision-K 5001 Autorefractor interchangeably to evaluate accommodative responses expect MEM retinoscopy.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.381-389
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• 2005

To Analysis of Correlation of Visual Function Findings, by assessing convergence and accommodation, 92 selected objects without any ocular diseases by apperatuses of visual chart(Shinnippon CT30) and phoropter(Shinnippon VT10) at a shan distance(40 cm) were tested upon MEM retinoscopy(Welch Allyn, USA), BELL retinoscopy(Welch Allyn, USA), binocular accommodative facility (${\pm}2.00$ D nipper, Bernell Co., USA), vergence facility(prism nipper, Bernell Co., USA). The results showed as follows. MEM retinoscopy(accommodative lag) showed the same result of a right eye and left eye. Bell retinoscopy(accommodative lag) showed higher correlations between right and left eye than MEM. The lower accommodative lag meant the higher accommodative facility. The binocular accommodative facility(polaroid) was higher than binocular accommodative facility(red-green). Correlations of accommodative facility between right and left eye were higher, and as the higher monocular accommodative facility also meant the higher binocular accommodative facility, monocular and binocular accommodative facilities were relative to vergence facility, These findings can be used as a clinical guide by curing patients' visual function.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.375-380
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• 2005

To assess convergence and accommodation at a short distance, 92 selected subjects without any ocular diseases by apperatuses of visual chart(Shinnippon CT30) and phoropter(Shinnippon VT 10) at a short distance(40 cm) were tested upon MEM retinoscopy(Welch Allyn, USA). BELL retinoscopy(Welch Allyn, USA), binocular accommodative facility (${\pm}2.00$ D flipper. Bernell Co., USA), vergence facility(prism flipper, Bernell Co., USA). There were such test results as MEM retinoscopy(R/L)($+1.05{\pm}0.87/1.02{\pm}0.80$ D). BELL retinoscopy ($17.89{\pm}12.12/17.94{\pm}11.72cm$), binocular accommodative facility (R/G)($7.69{\pm}6.48cpm$). binocular accommodative facility(polaroid)($11.76{\pm}5.22cpm$), monocular accommodative facility(R/L) ($13.9{\pm}6.27/13.8{\pm}5.96cpm$), vergence facility($13.5{\pm}6.40cpm$).

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.223-231
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• 2004

In most previous studies, the assessment of accommodative convergence to accommodative stimulus (AC/A) ratio was commonly made by measuring gradient AC/A ratio. This study deals with the proximal convergence/accommodation(PC/A)ratio measured by comparing values of the gradient AC/A ratio and the calculated AC/A ratio to prevail the clinical use of the AC/A ratio. Visual acuities of All 124 subjects had been corrected to at least 1.0 with either eye through their habitual refractive correction and the MEM dynamic retinoscopy was performed to estimate their accommodative response. And then the PC/A ratio was calculated by making use of the calculated AC/A ratio and the gradient AC/A ratio. This study showed that the difference between the mean calculated AC/A ratio and the mean gradient AC/A ratio in subgroups may be attributable to proximal convergence. Consequently, further studies on proximity cues including the PC/A ratio could be helpful to prevail the clinical use of the AC/A ratio.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.285-291
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was conducted to research any effect on visual function related to accommodation by VDT work. Methods: The refraction power, accommodative lag, accommodative facility, relative accommodation, amplitude of accommodation and blink rate were measured before and after VDT work for 2 hours on 48 university students (16 males and 32 females), without abnormal accommodative function and systemic and ocular disease, who had never undergone corrective eye surgery. All examinations were performed with distant refraction, and a survey was conducted on the items related to subjective symptoms of VDT syndrome. Results: After 2 hours of VDT work, refractive power increased by 0.23 D, the amount of change in accommodative lag were $0.17{\pm}0.42D$ in the right eye and $0.23{\pm}0.47D$ in the left eye (t=2.26, p=0.03). There were statistically significant differences. Both the accommodative facility and relative accommodation and amplitude of accommodation were decreased after work. However, blink rate were increased. After VDT work, 33.4% of the subjects showed subjective symptoms of asthenopia and 33.3% of them showed shoulder pain. Conclusions: As a result, the accommodative lag increased in response to the two hours of VDT work, and overall accommodative functions were decreased. In addition, as symptoms of providing visual strain, asthenopia showed the most prominent subjective symptoms.