• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.1000-1005
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• 2008

The US government has designed new military standard vocoder algorithm, which is called MELP algorithm, to provide robust communication performance on poor channel environment. In this paper, we analyze transmission effect of security communication in MELP vocoder environment of HF channel. MELP vocoder develop properly application in environment of HF channel and influence of MELP vocoder and channel encoding apply to in envitonment of wireless burst and performance of plaintext communication and security communication study a matter from analysis of MOS and spectrum analysis.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• spring
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• pp.195-198
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• 2002

This paper presents an improved MELP Coder using Fourier magnitude compensation method chosen the new 2.4 kbit/s U.S. federal Standard. Although the MELP is quite good, it has some distortion for low-pitch male speakers. An improved MELP coder includes a post processing for the fourier magnitude model that allows the MELP to reconstruct the lower frequency spectrum more accurately and improve the speech quality. In this new compensation algorithm, the harmonic magnitudes in the low frequencies are adaptively modified by removing the effect of the two filters. Also, the bit rate of the improved MELP coder is the same as that of the Federal Standard MELP coder. formal quality tests show that the improved MELP coder was preferred over the Federal Standard MELP coder by $80.8\%$.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.28 no.1C
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• pp.81-89
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• 2003

For improving the performance of noise suppression in tactical communication environments, an enhanced MELP vocoder is suggested, in which an acoustic noise suppressor is integrated into the front end of the MELP algorithm, and an FEC code into the channel side of the MELP algorithm. The acoustic noise suppressor is the modified IS-127 EVRC noise suppressor which is adapted for the MELP vocoder. As for FEC, the turbo code, which consists of rate-113 encoding and BCJR-MAP decoding algorithm, is utilized. In acoustic noise environments, the lower the SNR becomes, the more the effects of noise suppression is increased. Moreover, The suggested system has greater noise suppression effects in stationary noise than in non-stationary noise, and shows its superiority by 0.24 in MOS test to the original MELP vocoder. When the interleave size is one MELP frame, BER 10-6 is accomplished at channel bit SNR 4.2 ㏈. The iteration of decoding at 3 times is suboptimal in its complexity vs. performance. Synthetic quality is realized as more than MOS 2.5 at channel bit SNR 2 ㏈ in subjective voice quality test, when the interleave size is one MELP frame and the iteration of decoding is more than 3 times.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.118-120
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 HF channel 환경에서 MELP부호화 방식을 이용한 보안 통신의 전송영향을 분석하였다. MELP부호화 방식은 HF채널에 적합하게 적용되도록 개발되었으며 무선 버스터 환경에서 MELP 부호화 영향과 채널부호화 방식을 적용함으로써 평문통신과 보안통신의 성능을 MOS와 스펙트럼 분석을 통해 성능을 고찰하였다.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• spring
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• pp.61-64
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 저전송율 음성부호화기인 2.4kbps MELP(Mixed Excitation Linear Prediction) 보코더를 TI(Texas Instruments) 사의 고정소수점 DSP인 TMS 320VC5510을 이용하여 실시간 구현한 결과를 제시한다. MELP 보코더는 전통적인 LPC 합성방식에 기반한 것으로, 2.4kbps LPC 보코더가 여기신호를 유성음 구간에 대해서는 펄스열로, 무성음 구간에 대해서는 백색잡음 신호로 단순화시켜 합성함으로써 음질이 저하되거나 buzz 현상이 나타나는 단점을 적절히 혼합된 형태의 여기신호를 사용함으로써 보완한 것이다. DDVPC(Defense Digital Voice Processing Consortium)에서 제공하는 ANSI C 소스 코드를 이용하여 TMS320VC5510 DSK에서 실시간 동작이 가능하도록 최적화 작업을 수행하였으며, 구현된 MELP 보코더는 프로그램 메모리 46.5 kbyte와 데이터 메모리 57.9 kbyte를 가지며, 22.5ms의 한 프레임을 처리하는데 1326531 클럭(6.6 ms)이 소요되었다.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• spring
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• pp.145-148
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• 2000

본 논문은 범용 16bit Fixed-point DSP를 이용한 새로운 미국 DoD 2.4kbps MELP(Mixed Excitation Linear Predictive)보코더의 실시간 구현에 관한 것이다. 구현된 MELP보코더는 ROM 32.6kword, RAM 12.2kword를 가지며 40MIPS DSP에서 약 29MIPS를 필요로 하였다. 출력된 파형은 C simulator 와 Bit Exact한 출력 결과를 보여주었다. 실시간 구현된 MELP를 동일전송율의 2.4kbps AMBE와 음질 비교한 결과 AME보다는 MOS 0.2 음질 이 떨어졌다

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.09a
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• pp.895-898
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 TI사의 고정 소숫점 연산을 하는 DSP 중 7MS320C62xx를 이용하여 미 국방성의 2.4kbps MELP(Mixed Excitation Linear Predictive) 보코더의 실시간 구현을 목표로 최적화 과정을 수행하였다. 연구에서 사용된 7MS320C62xx의 경우 1,200∼2,400MIPS의 성능을 가지므로 PC강 C컴파일러에서도 최적화 되지 않은 MELP의 복잡도가 일정 레벨에서 실시간이 가능하도록 하였다. 먼저 C레벨에서 최적화 작업을 거친후, 논문에서 사용된 DSP에서 제공하는 컴파일러에서의 최적화 과정을 통해 실시간 동작하도록 하였다. 또한 PC용 C 컴파일러에서 시뮬레이션 한 결과와 DSP 상에서 구현한 복호화기의 출력이 정확히 일치함을 검증하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.539-545
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• 2019

Yttrium-90 is a useful therapeutic radioisotope for tumor treatment because of its high-energy-emitting beta rays. However, it has been difficult to select appropriate collimators and main energy windows for Y-90 Bremsstrahlung imaging using gamma cameras because of the broad energy spectra of Y-90. We used a Monte Carlo simulation to investigate the effects of collimator selection and energy windows on Y-90 Bremsstrahlung imaging. We considered both MELP and HE collimators. Various phantoms were employed in the simulation to determine the main energy window using primary-to-scatter ratios (PSRs). Imaging performance was evaluated using spatial resolution indices, imaging counts, scatter fractions, and contrast-to-noise ratios. Collimator choice slightly affected energy spectrum shapes and improved PSRs. The HE collimator performed better than the MELP collimator on all imaging performance indices (except for imaging count). We observed minor differences in SR and SF values for the HE collimator among the five simulated energy windows. The combination of an HE collimator and improved-PSR energy window produced the best CNR value. In conclusion, appropriate collimator selection is an important component of Bremsstrahlung Y-90 photon imaging and main energy window determination. We found HE collimators to be more appropriate for improving the imaging performance of Bremsstrahlung Y-90 photons.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.42 no.2 s.302
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• pp.131-142
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• 2005

The low rate speech coders under 4 kbit/s are based on sinusoidal transform coding (STC) or multiband excitation (MBE). Since the harmonic coders are not efficient to reconstruct the transient segments of speech signals such as onsets, offsets, non-periodic signals, etc, the coders do not provide a natural speech quality. This paper proposes method of a efficient transient model :d a multi-mode low rate coder at 2.4 kbit/s that uses harmonic model for the voiced speech, stochastic model for the unvoiced speech and a model using aperiodic pulse location tracking (APPT) for the transient segments, respectively. The APPT utilizes the harmonic model. The proposed method uses different models depending on the characteristics of LPC residual signals. In addition, it can combine synthesized excitation in CELP coding at time domain with that in harmonic coding at frequency domain efficiently. The proposed coder shows a better speech quality than 2.4 kbit/s version of the mixed excitation linear prediction (MELP) coder that is a U.S. Federal Standard for speech coder.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1998.08a
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• pp.113-120
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• 1998

정보화 시대가 발전함에 따라 음성 통신 및 저장 시스템은 점점 더 우리 생활 깊숙이 자리잡아 가고 있다 따라서 급증하는 수요에 보다 더 효과적으로 대처하기 위한 연구가 진행되어 왔다. 그 한가지 예가 기존의 음성 부호화 시스템의 음질을 유지하면서 압축율을 크게 높일 수 있는 부호화 방법에 대한 연구 및 표준화 작업이다. 본 논문에서는 최근 확정된 음성 부호화기 표준안인 US DoD 2.4 kbps MELP, MPEG-4 HVXC, CDMA 용 IS-127 EVRC 음성 부호화기에 대해 비교적 자세히 설명하고, 현재 진행중인 ITU-T 4kbps 표준안으로 제안된 부호화 방법들이 경향을 살펴본다. 또한 새로운 연구 분야인 인터넷 전화기와 인식-합성 기법을 이용한 아주 낮은 전송율 음성 부호화기에 대한 연구 동향을 소개한다.