• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources Conference
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• 1998.05a
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• pp.37-54
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• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of mugwort extracts on the blood ethanol concentration, liver function and low level of cadmuim(Cd) in rats. The effects of mugwort extracts on the blood ethanol concentration was studied in Sprague-Dawley rats (10 weeks old) administered p.o. with 25% ethanol (5g/1kg body weight) and then injected with mugwort extracts (at the 2% levels of daily feed consumption compared with the concentration of catechins level in mugwort extracts) in caudal vein. SD rats were divided into five groups : control group (CON-E, only ethanol and 0.85% saline sol'n treated instead of each extracts), water extracts of mugwort treated to the control (MDW-E), ethanol extracts of mugwort treated to the control (POH-E). And then rat plasma of each time (0hr, 1hr, 2hr, 3hr) was investigated ethanol concentration by gas chromatography. Another rats were measured at the time of 0 and 5hr for the test of GOD(Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase) and GPT(Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase). Components of each extracts were analyzed by using high performance liquid chromatography. The effects of mugwort extracts on the liver function were studied in culture of rat hepatocyte composed of three groups : Control group and two groups treated with each extracts (1% & 2% MDW, 1% & 2% MOH). Condition of rat hepatocytes cultured for 36hr at $37^{\circ}C$(5% $CO_2$ incubator), number of cells, GOT and GPT activity were investigated. The results obtained were summarized as follows ; 1. Catechins level of mugwort extracts was $8{\sim}10mg/100g(MDW)$, $3{\sim}4mg/100g(MOH)$ 2. The contents of (-)-Epigallocatechin was high in MDW 3. The effects of mugwort extracts on the blood ethanol concentration were as follows; 1) The order in ethanol degradation efficiency was MDW-E > MOH-E > CON-E. 2) Ethanol concentration significantly decreased (p<0.05) in MDW-E and MOH-E. 4. The effects of mugwort extracts on the liver function were as follows; (rat hepatocytes cultured for 36hr at $37^{\circ}C$) 1) Cells condition of MDW-L was better than other groups. 2) The order in number of cells (rat hepatocytes) was 2% MDW-L >1% MDW-L >1% MOH-L > Con-L > 2% MOH-L 5. Cd treatment increased concentrations of hepatic GSH level, and decreased GOT activity in plasma. Therefore, this results suggest that the effects of mugwort extracts may an important rols in degradation ethanol and recovery liver function in body. Also, Mugwort extracts may modify the toxicities of Cd in Cd-treated rats and play an important roles in preventing the liver from various toxicants including Cd in Cd treated rats.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.348-357
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• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of mugwort extracts on the blood ethanol concentration and liver function in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were used, the rats administered with 25% ethanol (5g/kg$.$B.W.) were devided into three groups (CON-E ; 25% ethanol administered to the CON-E) according to the administered ethanol concentration and the levels of administered mugwonts. Mugwont roots extracts were administered via the caudal vein. Ethanol concentration was measured at the time of 0, 1, 2 and 3hr by gas chromatography. GOT(Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase) and GPT(Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase) were measured at the time of 0 and 5hr. Components of each extracts were analyzed by using high performance liquid chromatography. Cell number, GOT and GPT were investigated by using rat hepatocyte culture. Megwort extracts were added at the levels of 1% or 2%. Hepatocyte culture were into five groups according to the addition levels. The results were summarized as follows ; 1. Catechin contents of 8∼10mg/100g and the contents of (-)-epigallocatechin was high in the water extracts. 2. Ethanol degradation efficiency declines in the following order : MDW-E＞MOH-E＞CON-E. 3. The numbers of rat hepatocytes declines in the following order : 2% MDW-L＞1%MDW-L＞1%MOH-L＞CON-L＞2%MOH-L. These results suggest that crude catechin of mugwort extracts may play important roles to degrade ethanol and recover liver function in rats.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.82-89
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• 2010

To obtain functional materials from a submerged culture of Hericium erinaceum, a suitable basal medium for flask culture was screened and the optimal culture conditions in a jar fermenter were investigated with the addition of ginseng extracts (GE) to the basal liquid medium. Of all tested basal liquid media, the mushroom complete medium (MCM) supplemented with 0.5% of GE produced the highest mycelial dry weight (MDW) of 5.91 g/L in the flask, which reached a plateau at $25^{\circ}C$, pH 5.5 after 10 days. The submerged culture conditions for the mass production of mycelia in a 50 L jar fermenter were also optimal at $25^{\circ}C$, pH 5.5, 120 rpm agitation speed and 0.4 vvm aeration rate. Under these conditions, the maximum MDW was produced, which reached a value of 4.28 g/L within 5 days. When we investigated the effects of the amount of GE in the MCM on the production of MDW in the jar fermenter, the addition of 5% GE (HE-GE-5) under the optimal culture conditions produced the maximum MDW (4.93 g/L). In addition, the crude polysaccharide of HE-GE-5 contained mainly neutral sugars (63.2%) with considerable amounts of uronic acid (19.3%) and a small amount of proteins (8.8%) and it had potent immunostimulation properties.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.100-107
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• 2017

Objective: To analyze the long-term changes in maxillary arch widths and buccal corridor ratios in orthodontic patients treated with and without premolar extractions. Methods: The study included 53 patients who were divided into the extraction (n = 28) and nonextraction (n = 25) groups. These patients had complete orthodontic records from the pretreatment (T1), posttreatment (T2), and postretention (T3) periods. Their mean retention and postretention times were 4 years 2 months and 17 years 8 months, respectively. Dental models and smiling photographs from all three periods were digitized to compare the changes in three dental arch width measurements and three buccal corridor ratios over time between the extraction and nonextraction groups. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance tests. Post-hoc multiple comparisons were made using Bonferroni correction. Results: Soft-tissue extension during smiling increased with age in both groups. The maximum dental width to smile width ratio (MDW/SW) also showed a favorable increase with treatment in both groups (p < 0.05), and remained virtually stable at T3 (p > 0.05). According to the MDW/SW ratio, the mean difference in the buccal corridor space of the two groups was $2.4{\pm}0.2%$ at T3. Additionally, no significant group ${\times}$ time interaction was found for any of the buccal corridor ratios studied. Conclusions: Premolar extractions did not negatively affect transverse maxillary arch widths and buccal corridor ratios. The long-term outcome of orthodontic treatment was comparable between the study groups.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.381-384
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• 2002

Response surface methodology (RSM) was successfully applied to optimize for the production of Ganoderma lucidum in batch fermentations using the whey (40,000 mg latose/L) as substrate. This study was performed according to the central composite design (CCD) with respect to pH and temperature, where the designed intervals were 3.3$22.9^{\circ}C$$37.1^{\circ}C$, respectively. A second-order factorial design of the experiments was used to build empirical models providing a quantitative interpretation of the relationships between the two variables. The optimum conditions to maximize the production of G. lucidum were pH 4.2 and $28.3^{\circ}C$. At optimum conditions, the mycelial dry weight (MDW) and residual soluble COD (SCOD) were simultaneously used to evaluate the biokinetic coefficients assocoated with substrate inhibition model by nonlinear least squares method with 95% confidence interval. The. maximum microbial growth rates (${\mu}m$), half saturation coefficient ($K_s$), and the inhibition substrate concentration ($K_{is}$) were determined to be 0.095 l/hr, 128,000 mg SCOD/L and 49,000 mg SCOD/L, respectively. And the microbial yield coefficient (Y), biomass decay rate coefficient ($K_d$), and the maintenance energy coefficient ($m_s$) were determined to be 0.37 mg MDW/mg SCOD, 0.001 1/hr, and 0.0015 1/hr, respectively.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.20 no.A
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• pp.45-50
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• 2000

A submerged cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum was carried out in an air-lift fermenter system, and the effects of different pH processes on extracellular branched ${\beta}$-1,3-glucan(EPS) production and mycelial growth(MDW) were investigated. The controlled pH process improved the production of branched ${\beta}$-1,3-glucan and biomass in comparison to the uncontrolled pH process. However, the maximum production of branched ${\beta}$-1,3-glucan were obtained by the bi-staged pH process. From these results, we confirmed that the bi-staged pH process was the most effective for improving the production of branched ${\beta}$-1,3-glucan from submerged culture of G. lucidum.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.593-596
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• 1996

The encironmental consequences of airborne mercury (Hg) release from waste incineration system are wellperceived. To provide some insights into those phenomena, we have assessed annual emission rates of Hg for several major incineration systems in Korea following the procedures developed abroad. The results of our computation, derived on the basis of dividing the whole amounts of annually incinerated wastes into municipal solid Wastes (MSW), and medical solid wastes (MDW), indicate that the extent of Hg release may be significant nationwide, possibly approaching a few tonnes of Hg per year basis. Knowing that the airborne transport and the resulting deposition of Hg can exert serious pollutions to the aquatic ecosystems, of particular fisheries, we are obliged to establish a stringent measure to confine the amount of Hg released via incineration.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 1982

Carpophores of ten Korean strains of Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Singer, an antitumor polysaccharide producing fungus, were extracted with 0.1N NaOH solution. The extracts were dialized for seven days in distilled water and lyophilized to produce crude polysaccharide powders. Thus obtained crude polysaccharide samples were assayed for sugar contents by colorimetric method with anthrone reagent. Among ten strains examined Lentinus edododes-DMC7 was found to be the richest strain in polysaccharide content of carpophores. By shake culture experiment for biomass production, L. edodes-DMC7 was found to be the second most productive strain among seven strains examined. Cultural characteristics of L. edodes-DMC7 were investigated by shake culture method. The best result was obtained when L. edodes-DMC7 was cultured in the medium containing glucose 8g, starch 80g, yeast extract 12g, $KH_2PO_4\;0.87g,\;MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O\;O.5g,\;CaCl_2\;0.3g,\;FeSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O\;10mg\;ZnSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O\;4mg,\;CuSO_4{\cdot}5H_2O\;lmg,\;MnCl_2{\cdot}4H_2O\;7mg\;per\;11\;at\;28^{\circ}C$, 180 rpm, for 12 days. Thus thirty-three grams of dry mycelia was obtained per one liter of medium.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.293-302
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• 2013

So far, DW(data warehouse) of hospital has been used as tool for analyzing patient-focused data. However, EMR(Electronic Medical Record) is established these days, so informal data which is record and video record could be useful to get some information for patient remedy, not as DW data. This study claims that need of establishing treatment-focused DW, not for hospital administration-focused DW which has been used lots of hospital DW. Also we discussed how CDW can be applied for real medication situation. At last, we deduct a relation past record of sick and wounded patient as Thesaurus searching method by real hospital data for establishing base of early-treatment system.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.3 no.6
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• pp.531-540
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• 2019

Spectral Amplitude Coding Optical Code Division Multiple Access (SAC OCDMA) is an advanced technique in asynchronous environments. This paper proposes design and implementation of a novel quantum logic gate (QLG) code, with code construction algorithm generated without following any code mapping procedures for SAC system. The proposed code has a unitary matrices property with maximum overlap of one chip for various clients and no overlaps in spectra for the rest of the subscribers. Results indicate that a single algorithm produces the same length increment for codes with weight greater than two and follows the same signal to noise ratio (SNR) and bit error rate (BER) calculations for a higher number of users. This paper further examines the performance of a QLG code based SAC-OCDMA system with NAND and direct detection techniques. BER analysis was carried out for the proposed code and results were compared with existing MDW, RD and GMP codes. We demonstrate that the QLG code based system performs better in terms of cardinality, which is followed by improved BER. Numerical analysis reveals that for error free transmission (10^-9), the suggested code supports approximately 170 users with code weight 4. Our results also conclude that the proposed code provides improvement in the code construction, cross-correlation and minimization of noises.