• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.1081-1090
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• 2015

Diabetes has been one of major health risks in industrialized countries. Allium hookeri is a wild herb distributed in India and Myanmar. The root of the plant has been used as food and medicine in Southeast Asia. We investigated Allium hookeri extract improves type 2 diabetes mellitus in C57BL/KSJ db/db obese mouse. C57BL/KSJ db/db obese mouse arise out of Type 2 diabetes and we treated Allium hookeri methanol extract 400 mg/kg (AH 400), 800 mg/kg (AH 800), positive control group (thiazolidinedine;TZDs) were administered orally for 8weeks. AH treated group normalized lipid enzyme system (triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol) and serum glucose, HbA1c and plasma insulin level. AH treated group recovered β-cell damage by hyperglycemia and fatty liver disease. AH treated group significantly up regulated expression of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase4 (PDK4), Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP 1) and fork head box O1 (FOX 01) proteins in C57BL/KSJ db/db obese mouse liver. And we found that AH treated group decreased hepatic malondialdehyde formation in C57BL/KSJ db/db obese mouse liver. These results indicate that Allium hookeri methanol extract might be a potential anti-diabetic agent and could be useful in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.341-345
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• 2007

This study was designed to investige the effects of Houttuynia cordata Thunb mixture extract on the lipid metabolism in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced liver damage of rats. LPS-treatment increased the levels of total-lipid, LDH (lactate, dehydrogenas), triglyceride (TG) and malondialdehyde (MDA). But Houttuynia cordata Thunb mixture extract (HM) pretreatment decreased the levels of total lipid, LDL-cholesterol, TG and MDA. Also LPS-treatment decreased total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol, but HM-pretreatment increased both of them. These results demonstrated that HM-pretreatment had the preventive effects against the dyfunction of lipid metabolism in the LPS-induced liver damage of rats.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.685-694
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• 2009

This experimental study was designed to investigate the inhibitory effects of ethanol extract of modified Yukgunja-tang(mYGJT) on high-fat diet-induced obesity and hyperlipidemia in Sprague-Dawley rats, Animals were divided into normal, control, mYGJT(100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) treated groups. Obesity with hyperlipidemia was induced by high fat diet treatment for 6 weeks. mYGJT was given to the amimals by oral gavage for 4 weeks, starting at the high-fat diet regimen, The effect of mYGJT on the differentiation of 3T3 L1 adipocytes in vitro and serological paramamters for obesity and hyperlipidemia in vivo were evaluated, mYGJT significnatly inhibited the differentiation of 3T3 L1 adipocytes in a concentration dependent manner. mYGJT treatment siginficantly reduced body weight, abdominal and epididymal fat weight, and FER(Food Efficiency Ratio) compared with control group in a dose dependent manner. It also signficantly inhibited the levels of serum total lipid, triglyceride, phospholipid, total cholesterol, LDL, AI(Atherosclerosis Index) and returned the serum HDL to normal. Total lipids, triglycerides and cholesterols in the liver, as well as malondialdehyde(MDA) and hydroxy radical in the serum were significantly reduced. However, superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity was significantly increased in mYGJT treated group compared with control group. Finally, mYGJT treatment signficantly decreased the MDA and protein carbonyl concentrations of the hepatic homogenate but signficantly increased the activities of SOD, GSH-Px and Catalase. Taken together, these results suggest that mYGJT can be clinically useful in inhibiting high-fat diet-induced obesity and hyperlipidemia.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.295-301
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• 2005

Effects of leucocyanidins on the level of serum lipids and lipid peroxidation was investigated in 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxine(TCDD)-induced rat that were pretreated with leucocyanidins for 4 weeks. The rats were divided into five experimental groups that is leucocyanidins and low TCDD treated group(LTL, 0.1 ${\mu}\;g/kg$ TCDD), leucocyanidins treated high TCDD group(LTH, 10 ${\mu}\;g/kg$ TCDD), No leucocyanidins and low TCDD treated group(NTL, 0.1 ${\mu}\;g/kg$ TCDD) and no leucocyanidins and high TCDD treated group(NTL, 10 ${\mu}\;g/kg$ TCDD). Serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride level were significantly decreased and HDL-cholesterol level significantly increased in leucocyanidins treated group. Serum MDA level was also significantly reduced in leucocyanidins treated group. These results suggest that pre-supplement of leucocyanidins prevented the degree of lipid peroxidation on TCDD induced rat.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.11
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• pp.1391-1398
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• 2007

We performed a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial to determine whether Laminaria japonica extract (LJE) supplement modulates blood glucose, serum lipids and antioxidant systems in type II diabetic patients. We also measured critical parameters assessing safety in liver and kidney functions after LJE supplement. A total of 37 patients (18 males and 19 females) were randomized to either LJE group or placebo group. The treatment group received four 350 mg of LJE capsules (1.4 g, total) per day for 12 weeks. The placebo group received the same dose of cellulose capsules. Baseline characteristics regarding general life style and dietary intake pattern were similar between the two groups. There were no significant influences of LJE supplement except for waist circumference on anthropometric parameters. As the whole, 12 weeks of LJE supplement resulted in a little decrease in fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), but a significant decrease was not observed. Total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were significantly (p<0.05) lowered in LJE group. The antioxidant enzymes, glutathion peroxidase (GSH-px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were elevated in the LJE group (p<0.05) compared to the placebo. The increase of these enzymes was associated significantly with the decrease of MDA concentration (p<0.05). Furthermore, LJE supplement showed no adverse effects on the functions of liver and kidney. Findings from this study suggest that LJE supplement can help improve serum lipid status in type II diabetic subjects without adverse effects.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.77-85
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• 2016

In this study, 4-week-old rats were fed bread supplemented with Terminalia chebula (TC), Plantago asiatica (PA), Linder obtusiloba (LO), and Capsosiphon fulvescens (CF) ethanol extracts, to determine the decrease in blood glucose levels, as well as the anti-inflammatory and lipid-enhancing effects. Previous studies have demonstrated the antioxidative effects of these ethanol extracts. After sacrifice, the liver tissue, whole blood, and serum samples were collected for biochemical analysis. The results showed a significant decrease in blood glucose level, lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, HbA1c level, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (p<0.05) and an increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol level in rats fed bread supplemented with LO and CF ethanol extracts (p<0.05). Therefore, the results of this study demonstrate that bread supplemented with LO and CF ethanol extracts can potentially affect the blood glucose level and lead to lipid enhancement.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.63-71
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to evaluate whether nutrient intakes and serum biochemical indices are associated with the skin condition of humans. Anthropometric data, skin surface hydration, ceramide content, dietary intake of nutrients and serum lipids (total cholesterol, HDL-, LDL-cholesterol, TG, MDA: malondialdehyde, TAS: total antioxidant status) were obtained from 36 healthy young women. Subjects were classified into 2 groups {LM: Low Moisture Group (n = 20) , HM: High Moisture Group (n = 16)} by forehead skin hydration. The results of this study were as follows: The average age, BMI, total body water, LBM, body fat$\%$, WHR, forehead hydration, ceramide content were 20.2 yrs, 20.7, 28.81, 39.2 kg, $28.0\%$, 0.8, $44.3\%$, and 1.05 $\mu$g/$\mu$g protein, repectively. The intakes of SF A (saturated fatty acid) , MUFA (monounsaturated fatty acid) in the HM group were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in the LM group, but zinc intakes in the LM group were higher than in the HM group. Serum levels of TAS in the LM group (1.27 mmol/l) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of in the HM group (1.20 mmol/l). Whereas other lipid levels were not significantly different, intakes of vitamin $B_{6}$ and folate showed significant positive correlation with the forehead hydration (r = 0.447, r = 0.377). Intakes of calcium and phosphorus showed significant negative correlation with forearm ceramide content (r = -0.496, r = -0.485). Several associations between nutrient intakes and skin conditions were observed, indicating that changes in baseline nutritional status may affect skin health.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.858-879
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• 2009

Objectives : The object of this study was to investigate the effects of Daeboeum-hwan (DBEH) aqueous extracts on Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced rat diabetes and related complications. Methods : SD rats were divided into 6 groups (n =8) : 50 mM citrate buffer and vehicle (distilled water 5 ml/kg) administered group (Intact control), STZ treatment (60 mg/kg, single intraperitoneally administered) and vehicle administered group (STZ control), STZ treatment and silymarin 100 mg/kg administered group (Reference), and STZ treatment and DBEH extracts 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg administered groups. DBEH extracts were orally administered once a day for 28 days from 3 weeks after STZ treatment. The results were compared with silymarin 100 mg/kg. Results : Decreases in the body weights, increase of kidney and liver weights, blood glucose, BUN, creatinine, AST, ALT, LDL, triglyceride and total cholesterol levels with decreases of HD L levels, increases of pancreatic MDA contents and decreases of GSH contents were detected in STZ control as compared with intact control. These diabetes and related complications were inhibited by treatment with 100 and 200 mg/kg of DBEH extracts. Conclusion : DBEH extracts showed favorable effects on STZ-induced diabetes and related complications mediated by their antioxidant effects as similar to silymarin. Because the lowest dosage (50 mg/kg) of DBEH treated group did not show any favorable effects as compared with STZ control, the effective dosages of DBEH is considered as about 100 mg/kg, while DBEH extracts at 200 mg/kg showed similar effects as compared with 100 mg/kg of silymarin. It, therefore, is expected that DBEH will show favorable effects on diabetes and various diabetic complications.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.1206-1224
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• 2018

Purpose: This systematic review was planned and performed in order to determine the clinical effectiveness of acupuncture for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods: We searched related randomized controlled trials in several medical online databases, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE), Public/Publisher MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), National Digital Science Library (NDSL), and Research Information Sharing Service (RISS). NAFLD related outcomes were extracted from the included trials and meta-analyzed. Results: From the 8 included trials, the values of the following examinations were extracted: liver ultrasonography, liver CT, body fat CT, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, fasting blood sugar (FBS), hosmeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), weight, body mass index (BMI), waist hip ratio (WHR), obesity degree, body fat mass, body fat rate, leptin, malondialdehyde (MDA), and super oxide dismutase (SOD). In the 4 outcomes, cure rate in liver ultrasonography (RR=1.56; 95%CI=1.05~2.31; P=0.03), cure rate in liver CT (RR=2.23; 95%CI=1.33~3.72; P=0.002), TC (MD=-0.78; 95%CI=-1.41~-0.15; P=0.02), and TG (MD=-2.05; 95%CI=-3.88~-0.21; P=0.03), acupuncture was more effective than the control intervention. Conclusions: In this meta-analysis, acupuncture relieved hepatic steatosis, and reduced TC, and TG in NAFLD patients. more well-planned studies are still needed due to the heterogeneity and the considerable methodological flaws in the analyzed trials.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.109-119
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• 2009

Objectives : The present study was purposed to compare Adenophorae Radix (henceforth AR), Codonopsis lanceolatae Radix (henceforth ClR) and Glehniae Radix cum Rhizoma (henceforth GRcR) concerning their anti-oxidant effect. Methods : We measured eythrocyte, leukocyte, thrombocyte, serum albumin, total bilirubin, LDL cholesterol, and glucose as well as SOD, GSH, catalase, NO, and MDA in the rat liver oxidatively stressed by AAPH. Results : 1. The oxidative stress-induced thrombocyte levels were significantly decreased in CIR-treated and GRcR-treated groups. 2. The oxidative stress-impaired SOD acitivities were significantly recovered in AR-treated and GRcR-treated groups. 3. The oxidative stress-reduced GSH contents were significantly increased in ClR-treated and GRcR-treated groups. 4. The oxidative stress-reduced catalase contents were significantly increased in all of the three groups. 5. The oxidative stress-induced NO productions were significantly decreased in all of the three groups. Conclusions : AR, ClR, and GRcR altogether showed the anti-oxidant effect in the rat liver oxidatively stressed by AAPH. The anti-oxidant properties of tAR, ClR, and GRcR seem to be similar even if those have different botanical properties and different medical efficacies in oriental medicine.