• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.60-63
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• 1988

Each of 103 isolates of Phytophthora capsici was obtained from diseased red pepper plants randomly belonged to either the mating type $A_1$ or the mating type $A_2$. Fifty four isolates were classified as mating type $A_1$, and 49 isolates were classified as mating type $A_2$.Oospores were formed in each combination of isolates between $A_1$ or $A_2$ on 5% V-8 juice agar except one combination.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.7
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• pp.15-20
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• 1969

This experiment was planned to study the mating behavior of the fall webworm. Hyphantria cunea Drury. In this experiment. observations on mating behavior of the fall webworm were based on the time of moth emergence, time of mating activity, copulation period, mating frequency, and effect of moth ages on the mating ratio. Mating frequency was determined by visual observation and the number of spermatophores. The results obtained were as follows; 1) The moths started emerging at about 3 P. M. and ended at about 12 P. M. The peak of moth emergence was between 7 and 8 P. M. Total ratio or the moths emerged between 7 and 8 P. M. was 42. 1 for female and 41.8 for male. 2) Mating activity was mostly confined to the period between 5 and 6 A. M. The average complation period was 12 hours (ranges between 7 and 17 hours). 3) The average ratio of single mating was $66.0\%$ for both sexes, and that of double. matings were $4.1\%$ for females and $5.4\%$ for males in laboratory test. The mating ratio of female moths collected from the field was $62.1\%$ for single mating. and 15.5" for doubles matings. These data indicated that single mating seemed to be most common. 4) Mating usually occured within four days after the emergence from the pupae. Mating ratio was greatly varied with the moth ages. The highest mating ratio was observed within 6 to 15 hours after moth emergence. Both sexes usually mated with the moths of the same ages.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.215-219
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• 2009

The effect of mating duration and multiple use of male on fecundity and fertility was investigated in the hybrids of Silkworm, Bombyx mori L. One hour to five hours of mating duration did not affect egg laying (fecundity) significantly, while fertilization affected significantly. Below 50% fertility was noticed when mating duration was reduced to below two hours. Similarly multiple use of male caused significant reduction in fertility but not fecundity. Till fourth mating no significant reduction in fertility was observed, thereafter fertility reduced considerably.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.17-21
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• 2008

Mating behaviour of the gammarid amphipod, Hyale rubra, was observed. H. rubra displayed precopulatory mate guarding: males clasped females with their gnathopods during copulation, forming a pair. Males also participated in embryo care during the incubation period. The population was small, and the sex ratio was almost equal. Energy allocation for mating effort and parental effort in the two sexes appear to be almost equal. The mating system was sequentially polygamous (or promiscuous) and there was conspicuous sexual dimorphism in the size of the gnathopod, which was used for mate guarding. However, there appears to be relatively weak sexual competition for mating opportunities despite conspicuous sexual dimorphism. H. rubra did not display territorial competition or external fertilization. Nevertheless, the male provided paternal care. Since H. rubra inhabit tide pools and live on algae, the polygamous mating system of the species can be explained by the polygyny threshold model. The evolution of mate guarding and parental care may have been favored by the species' low population density and harsh environments, an interpretation consistent with the optimality model.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.50-55
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• 2003

Tribological testing of DLC films was conducted using a rotating type ball on a disk friction tester in a dry chamber. This study made use of four kinds of mating balls that were made with stainless steel but subjected to diverse annealing conditions in order to achieve different levels of hardness. In all load conditions using martensite mating balls, the test results demonstrated that the friction coefficient was lower when the mating materials were harder. The high friction coefficient found in soft martensite balls appeared to be caused by the larger contact areas. The wear track on the mating balls indicated that a certain amount of material transfer occurs from the DLC film to the mating ball during the high friction process. Raman Spectra analysis showed that the transferred materials were a kind of graphite and that the contact surface of the DLC film seemed to undergo a phase transition from carbon to graphite during the high friction process.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2019.01a
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• pp.193-194
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• 2019

소비 양극화에 따라 중산층의 붕괴가 이어지고 있다. 실제 미국의 탄산음료 판매는 2015년 3%의 매출 하락폭을 보였고, 국내 소비 또한 GDP 대비 민간소비 비중이 5.1%포인트 감소하는 등 불황의 그림자가 짙게 드리워져 있다. 그러나 생활용품관련 소비의 감소에도 불구하고 명품 소비는 지속적으로 증가하는 등 소비의 양극화가 심화되고 있는 실정이다. 한편 오프라인 매출이 감소하고 있는 반면 온라인 매출은 지속적으로 증각하고 있는 상황에서 온라인 의사결정에 영향을 미치는 요인이 무엇인지를 알아보는 것은 의미있는 일이라 할 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 "결혼(mating goal)"을 프라이밍시키는 것이 남.녀의 의사결정에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 알아보았다. 나아가 불확실한 의사결정상황에서 남녀의 의사결정에 영향을 미치는 요인에 대해 추가로 살펴보았다. 연구결과 "결혼(mating goal)"을 프라이밍시키면 불공정한 제안을 거부하는 데 차이가 없지만, 여성의 경우에는 mating goal을 상기시키면 불공정한 제안을 더 많이 거부하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 mating goal이 여성들로 하여금 좀 더 자신의 의견을 강하게 표현하도록 하는데 영향을 미칠 수 있다는 점을 보여주고 있다.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.1-6
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• 2011

The installation of a topside structure can be categorized into the following stages: start, pre-lifting, lifting, lifted, rotating, positioning, lowering, mating, and end of installation. The transfer of the module onto the floating spar hull occurs in the last three stages, from lowering to the end. The coupled multi-body motions are calculated in both calm water and in irregular waves with a significant wave height (1.52m). The effects of the hydrodynamic interactions between the heavy lifting vessel and the spar hull during the lowering and mating stages are considered. The internal forces caused by the load transfer and ballasting are derived for the mating phases. The results of the internal forces for the calm water condition are compared with those in the irregular sea condition. Although the effect of the pitch motion on the relative vertical motion between the deck of the floating structure and the topside module is significant in the mating phases, the internal force induced pitch motion is too small to have this influence. However, the effect of the internal force on the wave-induced heave responses in the mating phases is noticeable in the irregular sea condition because transfer mass-induced draught changes for the floating structure are observed to have higher amplitudes than the external force induced responses. The impacts of the module on the spar hull in the mating phase are investigated.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.105-110
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• 2010

In order to investigate the wear behavior of aluminum alloy depended on different hardness of the mating tool steel, sliding wear tests were conducted. It was found that the wear characteristics pattern of aluminum alloy for sliding speed was not affected by the hardness of the mating tool steel. However, the effects of the hardness of the mating tool steel exhibited only in relatively low sliding speed ranges. At these ranges, the wear rate of aluminum alloy decreased when increasing the hardness of the mating tool steel. This was attributed by the fact that $Al_2O_3$ particles released from the aluminum worn surface were crushed and embedded on the mating worn surface with high hardness level. At the high sliding speed ranges, wear of aluminum alloy was hardly occurred by the formation of thick $Al_2O_3$ film on the worn surface, regardless of the hardness of the mating tool steel.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.138-141
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• 1999

The effects of Eurycoma longifolia Jack were studied in maintaining mating behavior of sexually experienced castrated male rats after dosing them with 500 mg/kg daily of E. longifolia Jack for 10 days prior to test and later continued for two weeks where the rats were then castrated. The similar dosage was then continued for 12 weeks post-castration. However, $400\;{\mu}g/day$ of testosterone was administered subcutaneously on the day of castration and lasted for 6 weeks post-castration but later raised to $800\;{\mu}g/day$ until 12 week post-castration. Tests were conducted weekly from 2-6 weeks and 8-12 weeks post-castration. Results showed that all the experimental male rats exhibited mating behavior before castration. Further results also indicated that E. longifolia Jack successfully maintained mating behavior but less than precastration level from 2-6 weeks and later increased from 8-12 weeks post-castration. Similarly, $400\;{\mu}g/day$ of testosterone was effective in maintaining mating behavior from 2-6 weeks post-castration. However, $800\;{\mu}g/day$ of testosterone managed to return the male rats to the precastration level with all male rats exhibited mating behavior from 8-12 weeks post-castration. Further results also indicated that testosterone significantly increased the penis weights (p < 0.05) as compared to the E. longifolia Jack. In conclusion, this study shows that E. longifolia Jack continued to maintain mating behavior of sexually experienced castrated male rats, giving further evidence of the folkuse of this plant as aphrodisiac.

• Journal of Apiculture
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.285-293
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• 2019

The honey bee queen shows extreme polyandry and controlling the mating partners can only be possible either by artificial insemination or having remote isolated mating locations. Here we report on the German North Sea island of Heligoland. Because of its location 60 km from the mainland, the lack of a local population of honey bees, its size of just 1.4 ㎢ and suitable weather conditions during the months of May to July, it is considered an ideal location for controlled inseminations of high-quality virgin queen bees with drones deemed genetically superior to others. Methods how to rear virgin queen bees are described and information is provided on the numbers of queen bees, their supporting workers and drone bees that are taken to the island in the mating season. The bee most commonly involved in the Heligoland mating trials has become Apis mellifera carnica strain "Baltica". In one summer, for example, 80 virgin queens (belonging to beekeepers from nine different locations in northern Germany) each with about 600 worker bees plus two drone populations of around 2,000 drones were taken by ship to Heligoland. On their return to the mainland no later than 3.5 weeks after the mating exercise, the beekeepers could register a mating success rate of 80%. This information can help operation management of the new remote mating centre of Weedo Island, Jeonbuk in Korea, which is currently under construction.