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Detection of Y Mosaicism in Blood and Gonad of Patients with Gonadal Dysgenesis (성선 이형성 환자 혈액 및 성선 조직에서 Y 염색체 모자이시즘의 진단)

  • Kim, Jin-Yeong;Lee, Sang-Joon;Park, Ki-Hyun;Kim, Jung-Yeon;Bai, Sang-Wook;Lee, Byung-Seok;Kim, Se-Kwang;Kim, In-Kyu;Cho, Dong-Je;Song, Chan-Ho;Kim, Jae-Wook;Lee, Ho-Joon
    • Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.457-465
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    • 1999
  • Objective: The presence of Y chromosome in patients with gonadal dysgenesis is related to the risk of gonadoblastoma. Since the patients with abnormal sexual differentiation may have cryptic Y mosaicism, it is important to detect the presence of Y material in these patients. But sometimes it is difficult to detect Y material only with karyotyping. This study was performed to evaluate the usefulness of the SRY gene screening in blood and gonad by using PCR in detecting the presence of Y material and possible tissue mosaicism in patients with gonadal dysgenesis as Turner syndrome and 46,XY pure gonadal dysgenesis (PGD, Swyer syndrome). Method: In 26 patients with gonadal dysgenesis, we screened for Y material by using PCR for SRY gene in peripheral leukocytes and in gonadal tissues of some patients. They were 22 cases of Turner syndrome (7 45,XO, 2 46,Xi(Xq), 3 45,XO/46,XX, 5 45,XO/46,Xi(Xq), 1 45, XO/46,XY, 1 45,XO/46,Xi(Yq), 1 45,XO/47,XYY, 1 46,XX,del(X)(q24) and 1 46,X,+mar) and 4 cases of 46,XY pure gonadal dysgenesis. PCR for SRY gene in the gonadal tissue was performed in 5 Turner syndrome and 2 PGD to determine the cryptic Y mosaicism between blood and gonad. Results: By using PCR analysis for SRY, Y chromosome material was detected in the blood of 4 of 22 Turner syndrome patients (45,XO/46,Xi(Xq), 45,XO/46,Xi(Yq), 45,XO/46,XY, and 45, XO/47,XYY), 3 of 4 46,XY pure gonadal dysgenesis. Discrepancy between karyotyping and blood PCR for SRY was noted in 1 Turner syndrome (45,XO/46,Xi(Xq)) and 1 PGD. Laparoscopic gonadectomy was performed in Y containing or SRY positive cases. In addition, PCR analysis for SRY in the gonads of 5 Turner syndrome and 2 PGD showed discrepancy between blood and gonad or between both gonads in 3 Turner syndrome (45,XO/46,Xi(Xq), 45,XO/46,Xi(Y q), 45,XO/46,XY) and 2 PGD patients. Conclusion: In gonadal dysgenesis, PCR analysis for SRY gene is useful to detect the cryptic Y mosaicism that is sometimes undetected by karyotyping. And since there may be tissue mosaicism, it is necessary to evaluate Y mosaicism in various tissues even in the case without Y chromosome on karyotyping.

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A Study on the Medical Accident Attack Rate in a Korean rural Area through the Sam Wha Medicare Insurance Union (충남 서산군 삼화의료보험조합을 통해본 일부 농촌지역 주민의 의료사고 발생율 및 진료수혜 실태 조사)

  • Ahn, Moon-Young;Lee, Jung-Ja;Nam, Taik-Sung
    • Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.33-41
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    • 1981
  • To investigate the status of medical accident attack rate and medicare utilization during last 27months from 1st Oct., 1977 to 31st Dec. 1979 in the area under Sam Wha Medicare Insurance Union, the study was carried out through analyzing the medicare records of patients who were enrolled. "The medical accident" in this study was used as the meaning of the state that the people who have been treated morbid condition with insurance money. For the study, 2 doctors and one nurse were mobilized and the results are as follows: 1) The total number of the Medicare Insurance Union members among the 37,044 total population of the study area, (Hea-mi, Unsan, Eumam Myun) were 57, 35 composed of 3,000 males (52.3%) and 27, 35 females (47.7%) in 1977, 3,383 composed of 2,006 males (59.3%) 1,377 females (40.7%) in 1978, 2,573 composed of 1,437 males and 1,336 females (44.2%) in 1979. 2) Total number of medical accident attack cases were 6,774 case (partially overlapped the number of the 1977 with that of the 1978) and average annual medical accident attack rate per 1,000 population was 700.9. 3) Five major disease group in the past three years were disease of the respiratory system (177.7), disease of the digestive system (165.8), disease of the skin and subcutaneous(64.9), symptoms, signs and ill-defined conditions (64.6), any injury and poisoning (51.9). Mental disorders (32.6) was the 6th order disease group. 4) The order of the medical accident attack rate of age group per 1,000 population per year was the year group of 0~4(877.8), 45~64(832.6), 25~44(810.3), 5~14(495.1) 15~24(494.7) 65 and over (460.7). 5) Medical accident attack rate of age group per 1,000 population in the 5 major disease groups were the year group of 45~64 (100.0) in the mental disorders 0~4(525.1) in the disease of the respiratory system 45~64 (328.5) in the disease of the digestive system 0~4 (202.8) in the disease of the skin and subcutanous tissue, 25~44 (98.3) in the accidents and poisoning. 6) Monthly medical accidents attack rate were 87.0 in the winter (Dsc., Jan., Feb.) and 86.2 in the summer (Jun., July, Aug.). So the trend of the medical accidents attack rate during the year was bimount figure. 7) Monthly medical accidents attack rate in the major disease group were highest in Jan., Apr., (31.1) in the disease of the respiratory system, in Jan., Feb., Mar. (24.9) in the disease of the digestive system, in Jan., Jun., Aug. (9.8) in the injury and poisoning. 8) Duration of the treatment of the 93.1% of the total cases were within 5 days. 9) 299 cases (4.5%) of the total number of cases, 6,587 cases were referred to secondary and tertiary medicare facilities. 10) The order of the major 10 kinds of diagnosis of the disease, 6,587 cases during 27 months, were URI and chillness (1,063 cases, 16.1%), gastritis(830 cases, 12. 6%) dermatitis(360 cases, 5.5%), bronchitis(291 cases, 4.4%), neurosis (284 cases, 4.3%), contusion (165 cases, 2.5%), tooth extraction (157 cases, 2.4%), tonsillitis (109 cases, 0.7%), laceration (107 cases, 1.6%), neuralgia (105 cases, 1.6%), arthritis (104 cases, 1.6%), otitis media and mastoiditis (103 cases, 1.6%), so total case were 3,678 cases (55.9%).

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A Study on the Experience of Patients with Chronic Renal Failure who have Received a Kidney Transplant (신장이식 수혜자의 경험)

  • Lee Sook-Hee;Kim Kyung-Hee;Chung Hae-Kyung
    • Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.78-95
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    • 1999
  • The grafting of a kidney has been found to be the best medical treatment for patients who have renal insufficiency failure, but the patients still have experienced much trouble and apprehension. This study was done to further nursing theory developing for patients who have has a kidney graft from another person. The research method followed grounded theory methodology of Strauss and Corbin. The subjects were three female and four male patients. This study done befween Oct. 1997 and Mar. 1998. All of the subjects were interviewed by the author. Interview were done by the long interview technique and observation. In the process of data analysis, 'heart-boiling' was found to be the core phenomenon. The results were composed to 101 concepts. These concepts were grouped into nineteen categories, and then to twelve categories. There were 12 super-class categories as follows ; 'pain', 'heart-boiling', 'experience of dialysis', 'term of admission to a hospital', 'support of other person', 'dependence on God', 'direction', 'negative reaction', 'positive reaction', 'comfortable', 'lacking', 'acceptance'. In this process, 14 hypotheses were derived from the categories as follows ; (1) The more experience with dialysis that the patients have, the stronger the heart-boiling will tend to be. (2) The less experience with dialysis the patients have, the weaker the heart-boiling will tend to be. (3) The longer admission to hospital the patients have, the stronger the heart-boiling will be. (4) The shorter the admission to hospital the patients have, the weaker the heart-boiling will be. (5) The weaker the intense-grief is, the more positive the reaction to heart-boiling the patients wll have. (6) The stronger the intense-grief is, the more negative the reaction to heart-boiling the patients will have. (7) The stronger the support of other persons that the patients have, the more positive the reaction to heart-boiling the patients will have. (8) The weaker the support of other person that the patients have, the more negative the reaction to heart-boiling the patients will have. (9) The stronger the dependence on God that the patients have, the mure positive reaction to heart-boiling the patients will have. (10) The weaker the dependence on God that the patients have, the more negative reaction to heart-boiling the patients will have. (11) The more positive thoughts that the patients have, the more positive reaction to heart-boiling the patinets will have. (12) The more negative thoughts that the patients have, the more negative reaction to heart-boiling the patients will have. (13) The more positive reaction the patients have, the more free from heart-boiling the patients tend to be. (14) The more negative reaction the patients have, the less free from heart-boiling the patients tend to be. From the analysis of observed data and comparing each class, I concluded that there are four formula relation types between reaction of patients and heart-boiling. (1) If patients have the experience of dialysis, have a long term admission to hospital, are strong in heart-boiling, depend on God, have positive thoughts and another's strong support, they experience release by positive reaction to the intense-grief. (2) If patients have the experience of dialysis, have a short term admission to hospital, are weak in heart-boiling, do not depend on God, have negative thoughts, and have few supports from others, they experience attachment to heart-boiling though a negative reaction. (3) If patients have the experience of dialysis, have a long term admission to hospital, are strong in heart-boiling, do not depend on God, and have negative thoughts, they experience attachment to heart-boiling through negative reaction in spite of support from another. (4) If patients have the experience of dialysis, have a long term admission into hospital, are strong in heart-boiling and satisfaction is low, but they have positive thoughts, then they experience acceptance and harmony through the positive reaction to heart-boiling. The results of this study are expected to help the way nurses care for patients who have had a kidney graft from another.

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e-Navigation 관련 산업현황에 관한 기초연구

  • Choe, Han-Gyu;Gang, Byeong-Jae
    • 선박안전기술공단연구보고서
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    • s.4
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    • pp.1-108
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    • 2007
  • 2007. 7. 23 IMO의 NAV(항해안전전문위원회)53차 회의에서는 e-Navigation을 해상에서의 안전, 보안, 해양환경보호를 목적으로 전자적인 수단에 의해 선박과 육상에서 해양정보를 수집, 교환, 표시함으로써 항구와 항구간의 항해 및 관련된 서비스를 향상시키는 것으로 정의하고 있다.2005년 11월 영국의 교통부 장관 Stephen 박사는 Royal Institute ofNavigation에서의 연설에서 해상안전과 환경보호를 위하여 선박의 항해를 감시하는 관제소 및 항행하는 선박에 유용하고 정확한 정보가 더 많이 필요함을 역설하였다. 그리고 첨단 기술에 의해 자동화된 항공 항법분야를 예로들면서, 선박의 항법 분야도 항해와 관련된 모든 시설 및 작업을 전자적 수단으로 대체하는 개념인 e-Navigation으로 전환되어야 하며 영국은 이에 필요한 작업을 주도하겠다는 의견을 피력하였다. Stephen은 e-Navigation 도입으로 얻을 수 있는 이익으로 첫째, 항해 실수로 인한 사고 확률저감, 둘째,사고 발생 시 인명 구조 및 피해 확산을 위한 효율적 대응, 셋째, 전통적인항해시설 설치 불필요로 인한 비용 저감, 넷째 선박입출항 수속의 간편화 및항로의 효율적 운용으로 인한 상업적 이익 등을 들었다. 반면에e-Navigation 체계로 전환 시 예상되는 장애로는 첫째, 체계 구축을 위한 비용(특히 개발도상국가들의 경우 어려움 예상), 둘째, e-Navigation의 성과 달성을 위하여 세계 전 해역의 모든 선박이 e-Navigation 체계에 동참하도록유도하는 문제, 셋째, 전자해도 표시 및 선교 장비들에 대한 표준화 문제, 넷째, 육상에 설치할 e-Navigation 센터의 설계 및 구축 등을 꼽았다.IMO는 2005년 81차 MSC(해사안전위원회) 회의에서 영국이 일본, 마샬아일랜드, 네덜란드, 노르웨이, 싱가포르, 미국과 공동으로 제안한 ‘e-Navigation전략 개발’ 의제를 2006년 82차 MSC 회의에서 채택하고, NAV(항해 전문위원회)를 통하여 2008년까지 e-Navigation의 구체적 개념을 정립하고 향후 개발하여야 할 전략적 비전과 정책을 수립하기로 하였다. 이어서 영국을 의장으로 e-Navigation 전략개발 통신작업반이 구성되었는데, 지난 년간 19개국, 16개 전문기관이 참여하여 아래의 작업이 수행되었다. ○ e-Navigation 개념의 정의와 목적 ○ e-Navigation에 대한 핵심 이슈 및 우선 순위 식별 ○ e-Navigation 개발에 따른 이점과 단점의 식별 ○ IMO 및 회원국 등의 역할 식별 ○ 이행계획을 포함한 추가 개발을 위한 작업계획의 작성 IMO에서 수행되고 있는 e-Navigation 전략 개발 의제 일정은 2008년까지이다. 이 전략 개발에 있어서 중요한 요소는 e-Navigation이 포함할 서비스범위, 포함하는 서비스 제공에 필요한 인프라 및 장비의 식별, 인프라 구축및 운용비용을 부담할 주체에 대한 논의, e-Navigation으로 인한 이익과 투자비용에 대한 비교 분석 등이다. 이 과정에서 정부, 선주, 항만운영자, 선원등의 입장 차이와 선진국과 개발도상국 간의 경제 수준 차이는 전략 개발에있어 큰 어려움을 줄 것이므로, 이들이 합의된 전략을 만들기 위해서는 예정된 기간보다 다소 늦어질 가능성도 있다.e-Navigation 전략 개발이 완료되면 1단계로는 해상교통 관제시스템, 선박선교 장비, 무선 통신장비 등에 대한 표준화 작업이 이루어질 것이다. 이 과정에서 각국 간에 자국 보유 기술을 표준화시키기 위한 경쟁이 치열할 것으로 예상된다. 2단계에서는 e-Navigation 체계 하에서의 다양하고 풍부한 서비스 제공을 위한 관련 소프트웨어 및 하드웨어의 개발이 이루어질 것으로전망되는데, 이는 지난 10년간 육상에서 인터넷망 설치 후 이루어진 관련 서비스 산업의 발전을 돌아보면 쉽게 짐작할 수 있을 것이다.e-Navigation 체계 하에서 선박의 항해는 현재와는 전혀 다른 패러다임으로 바뀔 것이다. 예를 들어 현재 입출항 시 요구되던 복잡한 절차는one-stop 쇼핑 형태로 단순화되고, 현재 선박 중심의 항해에서 육상e-Navigation 센터가 적극적으로 관여하는 항해 체계로 바뀔 것이며, 해상정보의 공유와 활용이 무선 인터넷을 통해 보다 광범위하게 이루어질 것이 다.e-Navigation의 잠재적 시장 규모는 선박에 새로이 탑재될 지능형 통합 항법시스템 구축과 육상 모니터링 및 지원 시스템 등 직접 시장이 약 50조원,전자해도, 통신장비, 관련 서비스 컨텐츠 등 간접 시장의 규모가 150조원으로 총 200조원으로 대략 추산하고 있다. 향후 이 거대한 시장을 차지하기 위한 전략 수립이 필요한 시점이다. 지금까지 항해 장비 관련 산업은 선진국의일부 업체들에 의해 독점되어 왔다. 우리나라는 조선과 해운에서 모두 선진국임에도 불구하고 이 분야에서는 대부분 수입에 의존해 왔다. e-Navigation체계 하에서는 전체 시장이 커지고 장비의 사양이 표준화됨에 따라 어느 소수 업체가 현재처럼 독점하기는 더 이상 어려울 것으로 예상된다. 따라서e-Navigation은 우리나라도 항해 장비 분야 시장을 차지할 수 있는 좋은 기회라고 할 수 있다. 특히 조선 1위의 장점을 적극 활용한다면 다른 나라보다우위의 경쟁력을 확보할 수도 있다. 또한, 서비스 분야의 시장은 IT 기술과밀접한 관계가 있으므로 IT 강국인 우리나라가 충분한 경쟁력을 갖고 있다고 할 수 있다.그러나, EU를 비롯한 선진국에서는 이미 e-Navigation 에 대비한 연구를10여년 전부터 수행해 왔다. 앞에서 언급한 EU의 MarNIS 사업은 현재 거의마무리 단계로 당장 실용화 할 수 있는 수준에 있는 것으로 보인다. 늦었지만 우리도 이를 따라잡기 위한 연구를 서둘러야 할 것이다. 국내에서도e-Navigation의 중요성을 깊이 인식하고, 2006년에는 관련 산학연 전문가들로 작업반을 구성하여 워크숍 등을 개최한 바 있다. 또한 해양수산부에서도e-Navigation 핵심기술 개발을 위한 연구사업을 기획 추진하고 있다.그러나 현재 항해통신장비들의 기술기준은 ITU의 전파규칙(RR)과 IMO결의 및 SOLAS 협약을 따르고 있는데 이들 규약이나 결의에 대한 국제적인 추이와 비교할 때 국내의 기술은 표준화되지 못한 부분이 많은 실정이다.본 연구에서는 e-Navigation sytem중 표준화가 필요한 요소와 전자해도,AIS 등 e-Navigation(통합전자항법시스템)관련 국내산업현황 실태조사를 통해 국내 e-Navigation기술개발 동향에 대해 조사하고자 한다.

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The Phoniatric Evaluation of the Effect of the Laryngomicrosurgery for the Laryngeal Polyps and the Nodules (성대폴립및 결절의 치료 효과에 대한 음성의학적 고찰)

  • 김기령;홍원표;김광문;이경재;정태영;이명호
    • Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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    • 1983.05a
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    • pp.8.2-9
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    • 1983
  • Recently, the laryngomicrosurgery has been done for the removal of benign laryngeal mass and for the improvement of voice. For the evaluation of the effect of the treatment, there must be any objective method such as aerodynamic study, vocal fold vibration study, acoustic analysis, psycho-acoustic evaluation and the neuro-muscular study. The authors evaluated the phoniatric effect of the laryngomicrosurgery for the patients of 15 laryngeal polyps and 9 laryngeal nodules, who received pre-op. and post-op. vocal function study from Jun. 1981 to Mar. 1983. The results obtained were as follows ; 1) The post-op. mean value of the maximum phonation time was increased 40 % in the unilateral polyps, 62 % in the bilateral nodules and 18 % in the unilateral nodules. 2) The post-op. mean value of the phonation quotient was decreased 25 % in comparison with pre-op. value in the case of the bilateral polyps, 26 % in the unilateral polyps, 55 % in the bilateral nodules and 12 % in the unilateral nodules. 3) The post-op. mean value of the mean air flow rate was decreased 27 % in comparison with the pre-op. value in the case of the bilateral polyps, 25 % in the unilateral polyps, 65 % in the bilateral nodules, 25 % in the unilateral nodules. 4) The glottic chink of the 10 cases of polyps among the 11 cases were disappeared, and the glottic chink of the 5 cases of nodules among 7 cases were also disappeared after surgery. 5) The pre-op. hoarseness of the 10 cases of polyps among the pre-op. hoarseness of the 11 cases of polyps were changed to clear and the 3 cases of nodules were also changed to clear.

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A Statistical Study of Radiolucent Foreign Bodies in Food and Air Passage (단순 흉부 방사선 검사상 발견되지 않은 식도 및 기도 이물의 임상 통계적 고찰)

  • 손영규;이창업;배광식;박문서;이선철
    • Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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    • 1983.05a
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    • pp.9.2-9
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    • 1983
  • We have observed 74 cases of radiolucent foreign bodies in food and air passage in E. N. T. department of Hang Gang Sacred Hospital, from Jan. 1972 to Mar. 1983. The following results were obtained. 1) Distribution of location was 56 cases(75.6 %) in food passage and 18 cases (24.4 %) in air passage. 2) In age distribution, 46 cases (82.1 %) of F. B. in food passage were found in patient over 21 years old and 12 cases (66.7 %) of F. B. in air passage were found in patient under 5 years old. 3) Female seems to be more frequently involved than male in cases of F. B. of food passage and in cases of air passage, male is more frequent. Food passage male: female - - - 25 : 31 Air passage male: female - - - 10 : 8 4) Meats was the most frequent foreign body in food passage (19 cases-33.9%), and the bony pieces was next (17 cases-30.4 %). Plastic material was the most frequent foreign body in air passage (9 cases-49.9 %), and the vegetable seed was the second (4cases-22.0 %). 5) In the location of F. B. in food passage, the first narrowing of the esophagus was the most frequent site and in air passage, the bronchus-especially right bronchus-was the most frequent site. 6) In the duration of lodgement, 44 cases(78.6 %) of F.B. in food passage were visited with - in 24 hours, and 11 cases (61 %) of F. B. in air passage were visited with - in 24 hours. 7) Simple chest PA was checked in all patient and then, esophagogram was checked in 34 cases of F.B. in food passage, among them positive finding was noticed in 23 cases. 8) Removal of F. B. in food passage by esophagoscopy was performed in 54 cases (96.4 %), but in the cases of air passage, removal of F. B. by bronchoscopy was performed in 14 cases (77.8 %). 9) Complications of food passage by the F. B. itself or esophagoscopy were esophageal mucosal laceration (1 cases-1.8 %) and esophageal perforation (1 case -1. 8 %) and complication of air passage by F. B. itself or bronchoscopy were atelectasis (2 cases -11.1 %) and pneumonia (3 cases-16.7 %).

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The Effects of Corn Silage and Roughages Feeding Systems on Milk Yield and Compositions (옥수수 Silage 및 조사료 급여 체계가 유량 및 유성분에 미치는 영향)

  • 이상무;이준영
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.43-52
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    • 2004
  • This study was carried out to determine the effect of corn silage and roughage feeding systems on milk yield and milk compositions. The experimental design was allotted into 3 treatments according to the feeding systems of rice straw(rice straw+concentrate: T1), corn silage(corn silage + concentrate: T2) and TMR treatment(Total mixed rate : roughage + concentrate: T3). This research was carried out from Oct. 1988 to Mar. 1999 at Kimcheon Kyungbook. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. The milk yield increased upon T2(31.9$\pm$3.2kg) > T3(29.6$\pm$3.8kg) > T1 treatment(22.5$\pm$2.0kg)(P<0.05), but cows with T2 and T3 produced the highest at third parity while T1 at forth parity. 2. The milk fat percentage was the highest at T3 treatment(3.79$\pm$0.31%), and on the other hand T1 treatment appeared the lowest percentage. Cow at 2nd parity produced the highest milk fat contend over the other parity. 3. There was no significant difference in protein content between treatments and parity, but T2 and T3 were higher than T1 4. Treatment did not affact content of SNF even though T2 and T3 of the SNF revealed to higher than T1. T5 was T3(12.51$\pm$0.57%)>T1(11.71$\pm$0.62%)>T2 treatment(11.52$\pm$0.55%). These were not significant. 5. Somatic cell counts were the highest at T1(39.6 ${\times}$ $10^4$cell/ml), but T2 treatment was the lowest as 28.7 ${\times}$ $10^4$ cell/ml. These results indicates that com silage(T2) and TMR treatment(T3) could be recommended

Comparison of Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Mushroom Mycelium Culture Extracts Cultivated in the Citrus Extracts (감귤농축액 첨가배지에서 배양한 버섯균사체 추출물의 항균활성 및 항산화활성 비교)

  • Kim Man-Chul;Kim Min-Joo;Kim Taeg;Park Guen-Tae;Son Hong-Joo;Kim Gi-Young;Choi Woo-Bong;Oh Duck-Chul;Heo Moon-Soo
    • KSBB Journal
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    • v.21 no.1 s.96
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    • pp.72-78
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    • 2006
  • This study was carried out to investigate the antimicrobial and antioxidative effects of mycelium cultural extract from mushroom. Mushroom mycelium was grown in a defined synthetic liquid medium and citrus extracts, and the culture extracts were examined for antioxidant and antibacterial activity. Myceliums of Phellinus linteus, Cordyceps militaris, Coriolus versicolor, Sparassic crispa, Agaricus blazei, lnonotus obliquus, Lentinus edodes, Hericium erinacium, Gonoderma lucidium in 10% citrus extract supplemented medium and synthesis medium were incubated in a shaking incubator (120 rpm, $24{\sim}30^{\circ}C$ ) for $7{\sim}15$ days. The antimicrobial activity of the culture fluid of mushroom mycelium grown in submerged liquid culture was tested against 12 microorganisms which were fish pathogens and common bacterial species. The culture extracts showed high activity against Vibrio sp. and had poor effect on Streptocouus sp., S. parauberis, S. iniae. The culture extracts obtained from the synthetic medium showed $30{\sim}93%$ of the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenger activity, the culture extracts obtained from the citrus extracts medium exhibited antioxidant activity up to 55%.

Correlation of Pre-treatment FDG Uptake to Therapeutic Response and Relapse in Patients with Small Cell Lung Cancer (소세포폐암의 치료전 FDG섭취와 치료반응 및 재발과의 연관성)

  • Seo, Young-Soon;Kwon, Seong-Young;Jeong, Shin-Young;Song, Ho-Chun;Min, Jung-Joon;Kim, Kyu-Sik;Kim, Young-Chul;Bom, Hee-Seung
    • Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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    • v.41 no.6
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    • pp.538-545
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    • 2007
  • Purpose: We evaluated correlation of $^{18}F$-FDG uptakes, therapeutic response and relapse in pre-treatment $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT in patients with SCLC. Materials and methods: We included 26 patients with pathologically proven small cell lung cancer. Total 102 lesions (26 lungs, 69 lymph nodes and 8 metastatic lesions) were evaluated. All patients underwent $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT for staging. The maxSUV was used as a parameter of $^{18}F$-FDG uptake. The patients were divided into responders and non-responders according to response criteria on chest CT scan after 3 cycles of chemotherapy. We compared maxSUV between two groups by using independent t-test. To access correlation with $^{18}F$-FDG uptake and relapse, maxSUV and interval time to relapse was analyzed by correlation analysis. The cutoff value of maxSUV was evaluated by ROC curve. Results: Twelve-one patients (81%) were responders and five patients were non-responders on follow-up chest CT scan. The mean maxSUV of main lung lesions in responders and non-responders were $14.15{\pm}3.72$ and $9.17{\pm}2.15$, respectively. The maxSUV in the responders was significantly lower than that in non-responders (p<0.05). According to ROC curve, point of cut that predicts therapeutic response was 8.98 with 100% sensitivity and 57% specificity. The correlation analysis between $^{18}F$-FDG uptakes and interval time to relapse showed a significant negative correlation (p<0.05, r=-0.757). Conclusion: The pre-treatment $^{18}F$-FDG uptake of responders was significantly lower than that of non-responders. Patients with high $^{18}F$-FDG uptake in pre-treatment $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT relapse earlier.

Comparative study on prevalence and components of metabolic syndrome and nutritional status by occupation and gender: Based on the 2013 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (남녀별 직업군에 따른 대사증후군의 구성요소와 유병률 및 영양 상태의 비교 연구 : 2013년 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여)

  • Kim, Ga Ram;Park, Hae Ryun;Lee, Young Mi;Lim, Young Suk;Song, Kyung Hee
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.50 no.1
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    • pp.74-84
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    • 2017
  • Purpose: In this study, factors of metabolic syndrome and nutritional status were examined according to gender and occupations using the 2013 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Methods: This study was conducted on 1,750 workers (male : 892, female : 858) aged between 30 and 64, who participated in a health survey, health examination, and nutrition survey using the 6th 2013 KNHANES. Occupations were classified into white collar and blue collar workers, and nutrient intake was analyzed using a food frequency questionnaire. Analysis of complex sample design data through SPSS 19.0 was used for analysis. Results: The prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome among blue collar (35.1%) was higher than that among white collar workers (26.8%) in male subjects (p < 0.05) as well as in blue collar (24.8%) compared to white collar workers (8.9%) in female subjects (p < 0.001). Intake frequency per week, considering one portion by food category, showed significant differences in cooked rice (p < 0.05) and bakeries and confectioneries (p < 0.05) in make workers as well as stew and casserole (p < 0.01) and fruits (p < 0.05) in female workers. With regard to nutrient intake by occupation and gender, white collar workers consumed a greater amount of nutrients (not including total energy intake) compared to blue collar workers in both male and female workers. With regard to nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) and mean adequacy ratio (MAR) according to gender and occupation, white collar workers showed higher numbers than blue collar workers in both male and female subjects. Conclusions: This study examined the prevalence rates of metabolic syndrome and nutrient intake according to gender and occupation. In both male and female subjects, blue collar workers showed higher prevalence rates compared to white collar workers, and their diet quality was worse than white collar workers' diet quality. Considering this result, customized nutrition education according to gender and occupation should be provided to workers to prevent diseases.