• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.16-26
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• 2016

This proposed project is about a bicycle anti theft devised system which helps people protect the bicycle from theft and helps to track the stolen bicycle's location using a smart phone. Safety bike uses two main devices to keep the bicycle secured, the vibration sensor and GPS sensor. The purpose of this project is to put all these small devices into one well connected system which will help the bicycle owner have more control over the security of his own bicycle. The whole system can be divided into two main parts. The first part is about the hardware development whereby all electronics components are connected via the circuit design using wire wrapping technique. This hardware part includes, a vibrations sensor, a GPS receiver, a toggle switch, LED light, Bluetooth and a buzzer. Wireless Bluetooth signals are used as the means of communication between the smartphone and the microcontroller. The second part is the software part which is being to program and control the whole system. The program is written using MikroBasic, a full-featured Basic compiler for microcontroller based systems. In conclusion, this system is designed to enable user to have control in securing his/her bicycle also being able to find and locate it at any time using GPS receiver and mobile android application.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.375-382
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• 2020

세계적으로 4차 산업혁명 시대에 접어들면서 자율주행차에 대한 관심이 증대되고 있으나 최근 보행자사고, 차대차사고 등 안전 확보 등의 이슈로 이에 대한 기술적인 모델로서 차선, 노면표시 등 도로정보와 신호등, 교통표지판 등 시설물 정보가 포함된 3차원 정밀도로지도(HD Map: High Definition Map) 수요가 높아지고 있다. 하지만, 수요에 따른 일부 보완점들이 계속적으로 제기되고 있어, 정밀도로지도를 활용하는 기관·기업들의 의견을 수렴하고 그에 따른 정밀도로지도의 개선이 필요한 실정이다. 본 연구는 국토지리정보원에서 주최하고 공간정보산업진흥원에서 주관했던 정밀도로지도 활용성 검증 공모전의 결과를 활용하여 연구를 수행하였다. 본 연구를 위해서 정밀도로지도의 개선을 위한 정밀도로지도 객체 검증을 위해 정밀도로지도의 레이어 및 레이어 코드를 조사하고, 그에 따라 정밀도로지도 객체 검증 항목을 구성하였으며 그 항목에 따라 정밀도로지도 활용성 검증 공모전 참가자들이 검증을 수행하고, 그 결과를 분석하였다. 그 결과 참가자들이 가장 많이 사용한 레이어별 코드는 평면교차로 등이며, 가장 높은 사용률을 보여주는 코드는 안전표지로 나타났다. 또한 부속구간 및 높이 장애물의 사용률은 각각 16.67%, 8.88%로 낮은 비율을 보여주었다. 이번 연구로 향후 정밀도로지도의 활용을 위해서 지속적으로 수요처의 의견을 수렴하여 수요처에서 실제로 필요한 레이어와 이에 대한 데이터 모델을 개선하는 연구가 필요할 것으로 예상된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.976-983
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• 2003

Seven Escherichia coli cells defective with aerobic growth were isolated by the insertion of ${\lambda}placMu53$, a hybrid bacteriophage of ${\lambda}$ and Mu, which created a transcriptional fusion to lacZY. These insertion mutant cells were tested on an XG ($5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-{\beta}-D-galactopyranoside$) medium for anaerobic expression of lacZ by fusion to a promoter. The chromosomal DNA from these strains were digested by EcoRI, and the EcoRI fragments that contained the fused gene and lacZ sequence were identified by Southern hybridization, using lacZ containing plasmid as a probe. The EcoRI fragment from each strain was cloned and sequenced. The sequence data were compared with the GenBank database. The mutated gene of three strains, CYT4, CYT5, and OS11, was found to be identical, and it was nrdAB that encoded ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase. The gene nrdAB was at min 50.5 on the Escherichia coli linkage map and 2,348,084 on the physical map, and is involved in hemAe-related reduction-oxidation reaction. OS6 and OS14 mutant strains had insertion at min 8.3 and the mutated gene was hemB. The hemB encodes 5-aminolevulinate dehydratase or porphobilinogen synthase. The OS3 mutant had insertion in cydB at min 16.6. The cydAB encodes cytochrome d oxidase. In the case of OS1, the fusion was made with sucA, the E1 component of ${\alpha}-ketoglutarate$ dehydrogenase.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.597-611
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• 2003

연구배경 : 다양한 암종들에서 빈번히 발견되는 염색체 16번 단완의 돌연변이가 소세포폐암의 발생 및 진행과 관련하여 어떤 양상을 보이는지 알아보기 위해 우리나라 소세포폐암 환자들을 대상으로 종양억제유 전자좌를 찾고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 연세대학교 의과대학 세브란스병원에서 원발성 소세포폐암으로 진단된 23명의 남자 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 암 조직과 이에 대응하는 정상 조직의 파라핀 포매 블록으로부터 DNA를 추출하였으며, 염색체 16번 단완에 위치하는 20개의 현미부수체 표지자들을 이용하여 PCR-LOH 분석을 시행하였다. 결 과 : 1) 23예 중에서 LOH가 1개라도 관찰된 경우는 6예로 26.1%이었다(Fig. 1) 2) LOH가 있는 6예 중에서 비교적 넓은 부위의 결손이 관찰된 경우는 2예(SCLC1, SCLC2)로써 전체의 8.7%이었다(Fig. 1). 3) 검사를 시행한 20개의 표지자들중 50% 이상의 LOH 빈도를 보인 경우는 없었으나 다른 부위와 비교하여 우월하게 빈번한 빈도를 보인 부위는 D16S3024와 D16S748 사이에서 18.2%, D16S405에서 143%, D16S668과 D16S749 사이에서 21.1%, 그리고 D16S420과 D16S753에서 각각 8.3%의 빈도로 관찰되었다(Table 1, Fig. 1, Fig. 2) 4) Shifted bands는 23예 중 6예에서 관찰되었는데 a1tered loci의 빈도는 5~35% 이었다(Fig. 1, Fig. 2). 5) Shifted bands는 검사한 총 460개 loci중 3.3% 인 15 loci에서 관찰되었다(Fig. 1). 결 론 : 본 연구 결과 LOH 빈도가 낮은 문제점이 있으나 염색체 16번의 단완에는 원발성 소세포폐암 일부에서 종양의 발생 및 진행에 관여하는 최소 5개의 종양억제유전자좌가 존재할 가능성이 있는 것으로 추정되며, 향후 특이 유전자를 찾기 위한 추가적인 노력이 있어야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.412-421
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• 2008

We observe simultaneous transmission of relay stations (RSs) allowed in current IEEE 802.16j draft standard for multi-hop relay networks may involve severe interference among the RSs, hence leading to throughput degradation. Allowing only 1/3 of the RSs to simultaneously transmit instead of 1/2 RSs as in the current draft standard reduces the interference but results in reduced throughput. To remedy this problem, we devise schemes to incorporate network coding at link-layer level (decode-and-forward) into the simultaneous transmission of RSs. Data movement is rearranged to maximize coding gain. Formula is derived to dictate exact movement of packets traveling between base station (BS) and mobile stations (MSs) via intermediate RSs. The frame structure in the current IEEE 802.16j draft standard does not allow broadcast needed for network coding. We devise a new frame structure which supports the broadcast. A new R-MAP (pointers to the burst data) is introduced to implement the broadcast. Since our new frame structure is used only for BS to RS or RS to RS communication, our schemes retain backward compatibility with legacy MSs based on IEEE 802.16e standard. Simulation based on simple configuration of RSs shows considerable improvement in terms of system throughput and round trip delay. For a 4-hop relay network with 1 BS and 4 RSs with symmetric traffic in uplink (UL) and downlink (DL), throughput is improved by 49% in DL and by 84% in UL traffic compared with IEEE 802.16j draft standard under the assumption that omni-directional antennae are used in BS and RSs.

• 충청수학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.43-57
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• 2003

The boundary of a typical period-2 component in the degree-3 bifurcation set is formulated by a parametrization of its image which is the unit circle under the multiplier map. Some properties on the geometry of the boundary are investigated including the root point, the cusp and the length as well as the area bounded by the boundary curve. The centroid of the area for the period-2 component was numerically found with high accuracy and compared with its center. An algorithm drawing the boundary curve with Mathematica codes is proposed and its implementation exhibits a good agreement with the analysis presented here.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.125-133
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• 2017

Time comparison is necessary for the verification and synchronization of the clock. Two-way satellite time and frequency (TWSTFT) is a method for time comparison over long distances. This method includes errors such as atmospheric effects, satellite motion, and environmental conditions. Ionospheric delay is one of the significant time comparison error in case of the carrier-phase TWSTFT (TWCP). Global Ionosphere Map (GIM) from Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE) is used to compare with Bernese. Thin shell model of the ionosphere is used for the calculation of the Ionosphere Pierce Point (IPP) between stations and a GEO satellite. Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS) and Koganei (KGNI) stations are used, and the analysis is conducted at 29 January 2017. Vertical Total Electron Content (VTEC) which is generated by Bernese at the latitude and longitude of the receiver by processing a Receiver Independent Exchange (RINEX) observation file that is generated from the receiver has demonstrated adequacy by showing similar variation trends with the CODE GIM. Bernese also has showed the capability to produce high resolution IONosphere map EXchange (IONEX) data compared to the CODE GIM. At each station IPP, VTEC difference in two stations showed absolute maximum 3.3 and 2.3 Total Electron Content Unit (TECU) in Bernese and GIM, respectively. The ionospheric delay of the TWCP has showed maximum 5.69 and 2.54 ps from Bernese and CODE GIM, respectively. Bernese could correct up to 6.29 ps in ionospheric delay rather than using CODE GIM. The peak-to-peak value of the ionospheric delay for TWCP in Bernese is about 10 ps, and this has to be eliminated to get high precision TWCP results. The $10^{-16}$ level uncertainty of atomic clock corresponds to 10 ps for 1 day averaging time, so time synchronization performance needs less than 10 ps. Current time synchronization of a satellite and ground station is about 2 ns level, but the smaller required performance, like less than 1 ns, the better. In this perspective, since the ionospheric delay could exceed over 100 ps in a long baseline different from this short baseline case, the elimination of the ionospheric delay is thought to be important for more high precision time synchronization of a satellite and ground station. This paper showed detailed method how to eliminate ionospheric delay for TWCP, and a specific case is applied by using this technique. Anyone could apply this method to establish high precision TWCP capability, and it is possible to use other software such as GIPSYOASIS and GPSTk. This TWCP could be applied in the high precision atomic clocks and used in the ground stations of the future domestic satellite navigation system.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.381-385
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• 2012

In this paper, we present a novel integral imaging pickup method. We extract each pixel's actual depth data from a real object's surface using a depth camera, then generate elemental images based on the depth map. Since the proposed method generates elemental images without a lens array, it has simplified the pickup process and overcome some disadvantages caused by a conventional optical pickup process using a lens array. As a result, we can display a three-dimensional (3D) image in integral imaging. To show the usefulness of the proposed method, an experiment is presented. Though the pickup process has been simplified in the proposed method, the experimental results reveal that it can also display a full motion parallax image the same as the image reconstructed by the conventional method. In addition, if we improve calculation speed, it will be useful in a real-time integral imaging display system.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2017

Clipart is artificial visual contents that are created using various tools such as Illustrator to highlight some information. Here, the style of the clipart plays a critical role in determining how it looks. However, previous studies on clipart are focused only on the object recognition [16], segmentation, and retrieval of clipart images using hand-craft image features. Recently, some clipart classification researches based on the style similarity using CNN have been proposed, however, they have used different CNN-models and experimented with different benchmark dataset so that it is very hard to compare their performances. This paper presents an experimental analysis of the clipart classification based on the style similarity with two well-known CNN-models (Inception Resnet V2 [13] and VGG-16 [14] and transfers learning with the same benchmark dataset (Microsoft Style Dataset 3.6K). From this experiment, we find out that the accuracy of Inception Resnet V2 is better than VGG for clipart style classification because of its deep nature and convolution map with various sizes in parallel. We also find out that the end-to-end training can improve the accuracy more than 20% in both CNN models.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.473-476
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• 1993

디프로파질디페니메탄$(C_{19}H_{16})$는 단사정계의 공간군 $C2/_c$에$ 속하며 a = 11304(3), b = 20.799(5), c = $6.622(2)\AA$, $\beta$ = $112.8(3)^{\circ}$, Z = 4, V = $1435.3\AA^3,\;F(000)\;=\;520,\;D_c\;=\;1.14g{\cdot}cm^{-3}$ and $\mu$ = 0.32 cm$^{-1}$이며 I $\geq$ -1.0 $\sigma(I)$인 1328개의 회절반점에 대한 최종 R값은 0.055였다. 직접법에 의하여 구조를 풀었으며 수소를 제외한 모든 원자는 E-map에서 찾았다. 한 분자는 단위세포내에 있는 결정학적 2-회전축과 일치하는 대칭축을 분자내의 메탄의 탄소원자에 가짐으로서 $C_2$ 점군에 속한다. 직선인 프로파질 부분은 벤젠기의 분자평면과 거의 수직$(94.2^{\circ})$을 이루고 있으며, 메탄의 탄소원자의 내부각은 $108.1(1)^{\circ}으로$ 벤젠기와는 $1.530(2)\AA$, 프로파질기와는 $1.560(2)\AA$의 길이로 결합하고 있다. 분자사이의 가장 짧은 접촉은 C(9)과 C(9)(-x,y, -1/2-z)사이의 $3.538(2)\AA$ 이다.