• 제목/요약/키워드: MAMMAL

검색결과 141건 처리시간 0.03초

Phytoecdysteroid가 조골세포와 파골세포의 성장과 활성에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Phytoecdysteroid on the Proliferation and Activity of Bone Cells)

  • 고선일
    • Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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    • 제32권2호
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    • pp.129-135
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    • 2007
  • Ecdysteroid는 곤충의 탈피호르몬으로 알려져 있으며, phytoecdysteroid는 식물의 ecdysteroid로 포유동물에 여러 유용한 효과를 가진다고 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 식물의 phytoecdysteroids가 골대사에서 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 세포수준에서 관찰하였다. 즉 조골세포에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 세포증식율, 염기성인산분해효소 활성, gelatinase 활성의 변화를 관찰하였고, 파골세포에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 tartrate-저항성 인산분해효소 양성인 다핵세포의 형성을 측정함으로써 관찰하였다. Phytoecdysteroid 처리에 의해 조골세포의 ALP 활성과, gelatinase의 활성이 증가되었다. 또한 phytoecdysteroid는 macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF)와 receptor activator of NF-kB ligand (RANKL)에 의해 유도된 파골세포의 생성을 감소시켰다. 이상의 결과 phytoecdysteroid는 조골세포와 파골세포의 활성 및 생성을 변화 시킴으로써 골수의 미세환경에서 세포내 조절작용에 관여하리라 여겨진다.

Basis pursuit denoising을 사용한 두 수신기 간 시간 지연 추정 알고리즘 (Time delay estimation between two receivers using basis pursuit denoising)

  • 임준석;정명준
    • 한국음향학회지
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    • 제36권4호
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    • pp.285-291
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    • 2017
  • 두 개 수신기에 들어오는 신호 간의 시간 지연 값을 추정하기 위한 방법들이 연구되고 있다. 그중에서 채널 추정 기법을 기반으로 한 방법의 경우는 두 수신기의 입력 신호간의 상대적인 지연을 채널의 임펄스 응답처럼 추정하는 방법이다. 이 경우에는 해당 채널의 특성이 희소 채널의 특성을 가지고 있다. 기존의 방법들은 채널의 희소성을 이용하지 못하고 있는 방법이 대부분이다. 본 논문에서는 채널의 희소성을 이용하기 위하여 희소 신호 최적화 방법의 하나인 BPD(Basis Pursuit Denoising) 최적화 기법을 사용한 시간 지연 추정 방법을 제안한다. 제안한 방법을 기존의 일반 상호 상관(Generalized Cross Correlation, GCC) 방법과 적응 소유치 분해법 및 희소 신호 추정법의 일종인 RZA-LMS(Reweighted Zero-Attracting Least Mean Square)들과 비교하여, 백색 가우시안 신호원과 유색 신호원 및 해양 포유류 신호원에 대해서 비교 실험을 하였다. 그 결과 갑자기 추정성능이 열화되는 문턱 현상이 늦게 나타나거나 훨씬 줄어드는 것을 보였다.

A Role of Central NELL2 in the Regulation of Feeding Behavior in Rats

  • Jeong, Jin Kwon;Kim, Jae Geun;Kim, Han Rae;Lee, Tae Hwan;Park, Jeong Woo;Lee, Byung Ju
    • Molecules and Cells
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    • 제40권3호
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    • pp.186-194
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    • 2017
  • A brain-enriched secreting signal peptide, NELL2, has been suggested to play multiple roles in the development, survival, and activity of neurons in mammal. We investigated here a possible involvement of central NELL2 in regulating feeding behavior and metabolism. In situ hybridization and an immunohistochemical approach were used to determine expression of NELL2 as well as its colocalization with proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the rat hypothalamus. To investigate the effect of NELL2 on feeding behavior, 2 nmole of antisense NELL2 oligodeoxynucleotide was administered into the lateral ventricle of adult male rat brains for 6 consecutive days, and changes in daily body weight, food, and water intake were monitored. Metabolic state-dependent NELL2 expression in the hypothalamus was tested in vivo using a fasting model. NELL2 was noticeably expressed in the hypothalamic nuclei controlling feeding behavior. Furthermore, all arcuatic POMC and NPY positive neurons produced NELL2. The NELL2 gene expression in the hypothalamus was up-regulated by fasting. However, NELL2 did not affect POMC and NPY gene expression in the hypothalamus. A blockade of NELL2 production in the hypothalamus led to a reduction in daily food intake, followed by a loss in body weight without a change in daily water intake in normal diet condition. NELL2 did not affect short-term hunger dependent appetite behavior. Our data suggests that hypothalamic NELL2 is associated with appetite behavior, and thus central NELL2 could be a new therapeutic target for obesity.

Caffeine Treatment during Oocyte Aging Improves the Developmental Rate and Quality in Bovine Embryos Developing In Vitro

  • Choi, Hyun-Yong;Lee, Sung-Hyun;Xu, Yong-Nan;Lee, Seung-Eun;Kim, Nam-Hyung
    • Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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    • 제37권4호
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    • pp.281-287
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    • 2013
  • In mammal, unfertilized oocytes remain in the oviduct or under in vitro culture, which is called "oocyte aging". This asynchrony negatively affects fertilization in pre- and post-implantation embryo development. Caffeine a phosphodiesterase inhibitor is known to rescue oocyte aging in several species. The objective of this study is to determine the cytoskeleton distribution in aged oocytes and the embryo developmental ability of aged oocytes in the present or absence of caffeine during maturation. Caffeine treatment increased the incidence of normal spindle assembly of aged oocytes (treatment, $67.57{\pm}4.11%$ aging, $44.61{\pm}6.4%$) and no significant differences compared to control group. Fluorescence values were compared using ROS (Reactive oxidation species) stain. Fluorescence values appear of control group intensity rate ($51.53.{\pm}3.80$), aging group ($68.10{\pm}5.54$) and treatment of caffeine ($45.04{\pm}2.98$). Aged oocytes that were derived from addition of caffeine to the IVM (in vitro maturation) medium had significantly increased 2-cell that developed to the blastocyst stage compared to the aging group. Blastocysts, derived from caffeine treatment group, significantly increased the total cell number compare aging ($90.44{\pm}10.18$ VS $67.88{\pm}7.72$). Apoptotic fragments of genomic DNA were measured in individual embryo using TUNEL assay. Blastocyst derived from caffeine treatment group decreased significantly the apoptotic index compared to blastocyst derived from aging group. In conclusion, we inferred that the caffeine treatment during oocyte aging can improve the developmental rate and quality in bovine embryos developing in vitro.

Development and characterization of nine microsatellite loci from the Korean hare (Lepus coreanus) and genetic diversity in South Korea

  • Kim, Sang-In;An, Jung-Hwa;Choi, Sung-Kyoung;Lee, Yun-Sun;Park, Han-Chan;Kimura, Junpei;Kim, Kyung-Seok;Min, Mi-Sook;Lee, Hang
    • Animal cells and systems
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    • 제16권3호
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    • pp.230-236
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    • 2012
  • The Korean hare, Lepus coreanus, is an important mammal in ecosystem food chains, and is distributed across the entire Korean peninsula and northeastern China. Polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed using the biotinenrichment technique for use in population genetics studies. Five trinucleotide and four dinucleotide microsatellite loci were selected and tested on 22 Korean hare specimens collected from Gangwon Province and Gyeongsangbuk Province in South Korea. The number of alleles across the two sampling regions ranged from three to nine with a mean of 6.1. Mean observed and expected heterozygosities and polymorphic information content were 0.540, 0.627 and 0.579, respectively. Only one locus, Lc06, showed departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium after applying the Bonferroni correction. Four microsatellites, Lc01, Lc03, Lc12, and Lc19, satisfied the criteria to serve as a core set of markers recommended for population genetics studies. These new microsatellite markers will be widely applicable to future genetic studies for management and conservation of the Korean hare and related species, including assessment of the genetic diversity and population structure of L. coreanus.

해양포유류 부착 CTD 관측 자료의 품질 관리 방법에 관한 고찰 및 사례 연구 (Quality Control Methods for CTD Data Collected by Using Instrumented Marine Mammals: A Review and Case Study)

  • 윤승태;이원영
    • Ocean and Polar Research
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    • 제43권4호
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    • pp.321-334
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    • 2021
  • 'Marine mammals-based observations' refers to data acquisition activities from marine mammals by instrumenting CTD (Conductivity-Temperature-Depth) sensors on them for recording vertical profiles of ocean variables such as temperature and salinity during animal diving. It is a novel data collecting platform that significantly improves our abilities in observing extreme environments such as the Southern Ocean with low cost compared to the other conventional methods. Furthermore, the system continues to create valuable information until sensors are detached, expanding data coverage in both space and time. Owing to these practical advantages, the marine mammals-based observations become popular to investigate ocean circulation changes in the Southern Ocean. Although these merits may bring us more opportunities to understand ocean changes, the data should be carefully qualified before we interpret it incorporating shipboard/autonomous vehicles/moored CTD data. In particular, we need to pay more attention to salinity correction due to the usage of an unpumped-CTD sensor tagged on marine mammals. In this article, we introduce quality control methods for the marine mammals-based CTD profiles that have been developed in recent studies. In addition, we discuss strategies of quality control specifically for the seal-tagging CTD profiles, successfully having been obtained near Terra Nova Bay, Ross Sea, Antarctica since February 2021. It is the Korea Polar Research Institute's research initiative of animal-borne instruments monitoring in the region. We anticipate that this initiative would facilitate collaborative efforts among Polar physical oceanographers and even marine mammal behavior researchers to understand better rapid changes in marine environments in the warming world.

다공성 동물성-콜라겐을 이용한 마찰전기 나노발전기 제작 및 특성평가 (Fabrication and Characterization of Triboelectric Nanogenerator based on Porous Animal-collagen)

  • 칸 세나와르 알리;라흐만 셰이크 압둘;김우영
    • 한국응용과학기술학회지
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    • 제40권1호
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    • pp.179-187
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    • 2023
  • 바이오물질을 포함하는 나노발전기는 무공해 에너지원이며 생분해성 전자폐기물이라는 점에서 친환경적인 전자소자이다. 특히 바이오 물질이 바이오폐기물로부터 추출될 수 있다면 바이오폐기물의 양도 줄어들 것이다. 본 연구에서는 포유동물의 피부에 존재하는 동물성 콜라겐을 이용하여 마찰전기 나노발전기를 제작하였고 그 특성평가를 진행하였다. 마찰전기 나노발전기의 전기적 양극층은 회전 도포방법을 이용하여 콜라겐 막을 형성하여 구성하였으며, 주사전자현미경으로 막이 다공성임을 확인하였다. 제작한 마찰전기 나노발전기는 주기적인 기계적 운동에 의해 3 Hz에서 7 V부터 5 Hz에서 15 V의 개방전압과 5 Hz에서 3.8 ㎂의 단락전류를 보였다. 결론적으로, 콜라겐 함유 마찰전기 나노발전기는 센서와 같은 저전력 구동 장치의 전원이 될 수 있으며 전자 폐기물 감소에도 유용할 것으로 기대된다.

생체모방 은밀 수중 음향 통신 연구 동향 (Research trends of biomimetic covert underwater acoustic communication)

  • 설승환;이호준;김용철;김완진;정재학
    • 한국음향학회지
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    • 제41권2호
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    • pp.227-234
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    • 2022
  • 은밀 수중 통신은 수중에서 신호를 전송할 때 다른 대상이 감지하지 못하도록 보내는 통신 방법이다. 수중에서 정보를 은밀하게 보내는 방법은 Radio Frequency(RF)에서 사용되는 방법과 유사하게 Low Probability of Detection(LPD)와 Low Probability of Intercept(LPI)의 특성을 고려하여 설계된다. 그러나 수중에서 음향을 이용하여 통신하는 경우 협소한 주파수 대역폭으로 인해 은밀성을 확보하기 어렵다. 기존의 신호 전송 전력을 낮추거나 변조 대역폭을 늘리는 방법과는 다르게 수중 포유류의 음향 신호를 모방하여 신호를 보내는 방법이 연구되고 있다. 생체모방 은밀 수중향통신은 주로 돌고래나 고래가 발생시키는 클릭음이나 휘슬음을 모방한다. 본 논문은 이러한 생체모방 은밀 수중음향통신의 발전 가능성과 향후 필요한 연구 분야를 파악하기 위해 생체모방 통신 기술들을 조사하고 이에 따른 연구 동향을 소개한다.

딥러닝을 이용한 객체검출과 비평탄 지형 보행을 위한 4족 로봇 (Quadruped Robot for Walking on the Uneven Terrain and Object Detection using Deep Learning)

  • 박명숙;한성민;김상훈
    • 정보처리학회논문지:소프트웨어 및 데이터공학
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    • 제12권5호
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    • pp.237-242
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    • 2023
  • 고성능의 보행 로봇에 관한 연구가 활발하게 이루어지고 있으며 4족 보행 로봇은 비평탄 지형에서 이동성과 적응력이 뛰어나 많은 관심을 받고 있지만 높은 비용으로 도입과 활용성에 어려움이 있다. 본 논문에서는 저비용의 4족 로봇에 지능적 기능을 적용하여 활용도를 높이기 위해 임베디드 보드에 IMU와 강화학습을 탑재하여 비평탄 지형 극복능력을 개선하고 카메라와 딥러닝을 이용하여 객체를 자동으로 검출하는 방법을 제시한다. 로봇은 4족 포유류 동물의 다리 형태로 구성되고 각 다리는 3 자유도를 가진다. 설계된 3D 모델로 시뮬레이션 환경에서 복잡한 지형을 학습시키고 실제 로봇에 적용한다. 본 연구방법의 적용을 통해 평탄 지형과 비평탄 지형의 보행 능력에 크게 차이가 나지 않음을 확인하였으며 제한된 실험조건에서 실시간으로 사람 검출을 수행하는 동작을 확인하였다.

Anisakis 형(型) 유충(幼蟲)에 관한 연구(硏究) (Studies on Anisakis Type Larvae)

  • 임정택
    • 대한수의학회지
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    • 제15권2호
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    • pp.293-307
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    • 1975
  • As it has been known recently that anisakis type larvae harbouring in marine fishes are a causal agent of zoonosis to human and probably to land living mammal animals, attention was focused on the study on the larvae in an aspect of epidemiology or epizootiology. The present work was conducted from 1966 to 1975 for i) survey on the harbouring status of anisakis type larvae in marine fishes of this country, ii) observation on the response to the experimental infestation of the larvae to the pigs, in the reason that they could well fetid raw fish viscera occasionally containing the larvae as a high protein source of swine food, and iii) observation on the larval resistance and response to vermicidal agents for the purpose of prevention of the larval infection to the mammal animals. The data obtained in the studies were summarized as follows: 1. In the survey on the status of larvae harbouring in main species of marine fishes of this country, 15 species, a total of 1,940 fishes, were observed and the result was summarized in table 2. Average number of larvae, in upper rank of 5 out of all 15 species of fishes, were as highest as 156 larvae ranging 74 to 450 in Pseudosciaena manchurica (chamjogi), 54.5 ranging 15 to 240 in Trichiurus haumela (kalchi), 35.6 ranging 8 to 112 in Trachurus japonica (junggengi), 30.6 ranging 4 to 65 in Parapristipama trilineatum (benjari) and 20.5 ranging 3 to 48 in Nibea argentata (boguchi) respectively. In morphological observation, size of the larvae in the fishes were varied, ranging from 2 to 32mm long, and a tendency to larger size and number of larvae in the fishes, which were wider sea migration, higher age and lager bodily size, was observed The favorite places harbouring the larvae in fishes were mainly around the intraperitoneal viscera such as mesentery, omentum, liver, pyloric suspensory, fat tissue and cloaca, and rarely in body muscles of fish. Fishes heartily infested with the larvae showed stunted growth decreased egg formation and severe damage of liver. 2. In the experimental infestation of the larvae to normal pigs, as illustrated in table 3, a group with large dose of larvae (a total of 1,800 larvae, 300 larvae Per dose, twice in a dart for 3 days) showed acute clinical syndrome terminatine death with a week course, whereas two groups with less dose of larvae (a total of 180~360 larvae, 10 larvae per dose, at 5 days interval for 70~180 days) showed subclinical syndrome with remarkably stunted growth as. much as approximately one half of body size in contest to the control pigs. In the pathological findings, a group with large dose of larvae showed macroscopically larvae penetrating to the gastric wall with severe gastroenteritis, and histopathologically various acute lesions caused by active larvae penetration into the wall of stomach and interstine, whereas two groups with less dose of larvae showed chronic lesions such as hypertrophy and verminous granulomatous swelling of gastric wall, suggesting strongly the possibility of natural infestation of larvae to swine. 3. In the resistance of the larvae to the chemical solutions, the larvae tolerated for 2 days in 15 percent solution of sodium chloride and acetic acid, and for 7 days in 70 percent solution of ethyl alcohol. In the resistance to the temperature, the larvae died within 1 second at $62^{\circ}C$ and tolerated for 24 hours at $-3^{\circ}C$, 12 hours $-5^{\circ}C$ respectively. 4. For the experiment on the vermicidal effect to larvae, general vermicidal drugs such as Neguvon, Combantrin, antimony Potassium, piperazine adipate and piperazine dihydrochloride, oxidizer such as potassium permanganate and potassium chlorate, and dyes such as gentian violet and crystal violet were used, and among them, as illustrated in table 6, potassium permanganate was proved as the best. In the successive test for the practical use of potassium permanganate, vermicidal effect in seawater solution of potassium permanganate and common-water solution of potassium permanganate were compared, and then retested by dipping the fish viscera including the larvae into the two different solutions of potassium permanganate. The result through these tests indicated that 0.01 percent common water and sea-water solution of potassium permanganate could be apparently recommended as a preventive vermicidal solution, having 90 to 100 percent vermicidal effect by dipping for 12 to 24 hours even though sea-water solution of potassium permanganate had a tendency to slightly less effect than the common-water solution of potassium permanganate (Table 8).

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