• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.31 no.11A
• /
• pp.1138-1146
• /
• 2006

It is very important for the sensor network to save battery capacity. Switching active mode to sleep mode is used for S-MAC protocol and expiring timer before end of the active part is used for T-MAC in order to extend battery life span. We proposed IS-MAC (Improved Sensor MAC) which gives more energy efficiency than S-MAC and T-MAC To improve energy efficiency in sensor network, we used the threshold value in buffer to transmit data packet and proposed the method to reduce the number of control packets which cause extra battery consumption. Based on the analytical results, we found that the proposed IS-MAC protocol shows better performance than conventional MAC protocols.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
• /
• v.3 no.4
• /
• pp.97-106
• /
• 2014

In this paper, we propose a design method to extend certain cognitive radio (CR) MAC protocols originally proposed only for the one hop applications in distributed CR networks to MANET routing protocols. Among several CR MAC protocols, the opportunistic MAC (called O-MAC) and the opportunistic period MAC (called OP-MAC) are considered, and AODV as MANET routing protocol is used. We implement the protocols using OPNET network simulator, and compare the performances in both MAC and AODV routing environments. With the experiments, we analyze the relationship between MAC and routing performances of the CR protocols.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.85-96
• /
• 2008

An authentication procedure on wired and wireless network will be done based on the registration and management process storing both the user's IP address and client device's MAC address information. However, existent MAC address registration/administration mechanisms were weak in MAC Spoofing attack as the attacker can change his/her own MAC address to client's MAC address. Therefore, an advanced mechanism should be proposed to protect the MAC address spoofing attack. But, existing techniques sequentially compare a sequence number on packet with previous one to distinguish the alteration and modification of MAC address. However, they are not sufficient to actively detect and protect the wireless MAC spoofing attack. In this paper, both AirSensor and AP are used in wireless network for collecting the MAC address on wireless packets. And then proposed module is used for detecting and protecting MAC spoofing attack in real time based on MAC Address Lookup table. The proposed mechanism provides enhanced detection/protection performance and it also provides a real time correspondence mechanism on wireless MAC spoofing attack with minimum delay.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
• /
• v.17C no.4
• /
• pp.335-346
• /
• 2010

Mac OS X is the Computer Operating System that develop in Apple Inc. Mac OS X is the successor to Mac OS 9 Version which had been Apple's primary operating system since 1984. Recently, Mac OS X 10.6 (Snow Leopard) has been manufactured and is distributed to user. Apple's Mac OS X Operating System is occupying about 10% in the world Operating System market share. But, Forensic tools that is utilized on digital forensic investigation can not forensic analysis about Mac OS X properly. To do forensic investigation about Mac OS X, information connected with user's action and trace can become important digital evidence in Operating System. This paper presents way about user trace data acquisition methodology in Mac OS X.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.40 no.2
• /
• pp.366-368
• /
• 2015

This paper proposes a MAC protocol for sensor networks such as disaster detection system which generate the non-periodic packet. B-MAC has been used to solve delay problem for sensor networks, however, the power loss occurs due to excessive preamble and over-hearing. In contrast, S-MAC has a number of drawbacks in power consumption due to synchronization. In this paper, we propose H-MAC and analyze its performance which has improved power consumption compared to S-MAC and overhead and over-hearing compared to B-MAC.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.33 no.7B
• /
• pp.502-509
• /
• 2008

Wireless sensor networks consist of sensor nodes which are expected to be battery-powered and hard to replace or recharge. Thus, reducing the energy consumption of sensor nodes is an important design consideration in wireless sensor networks. For the implementation of energy-efficient MAC protocol, Sensor-MAC based on IEEE 802.11 protocol. In this paper, which has energy efficient scheduling, was proposed. In this paper, we propose Dynamic S-MAC that is dynamically operated by network-traffic states. Dynamic S-MAC protocol improves energy consumption of S-MAC due to change the frame length according to network-traffic states. Using NS-2 Simulation, we compare the performance of Dynamic S-MAC with S-MAC protocol.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2007.04a
• /
• pp.423-425
• /
• 2007

In this paper, Medium Access Control(MAC) protocol designed for Wireless Body area Sensor Network(Bio-MAC) is proposed, Because in WBSN, the number of node is limited and each node has different characteristics. Also, reliability in transmitting vital data sensed at each node and periodic transmission should be considered so that general MAC protocol cannot satisfy such requirements of biomedical sensors in WBSN. Bio-MAC aims at optimal MAC protocol in WBSN. For this, Bio-MAC used Pattern -SuperFrame, which modified IEE E 802.15.4-based SuperFrame structurely. Bio-MAC based on TDMA uses Medium Access-priority and Pattern eXchange -Beacon method for dynamic slot allocation by considering critical sensing data or power consumption level of sensor no de etc. Also, because of the least delay time. Bio-MAC is suitable in the periodic transmission of vital signal data. The simulation results demonstrate that a efficient performance in WBSN can be achieved through the proposed Bio-MAC.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
• /
• v.18 no.5
• /
• pp.857-869
• /
• 2016

This paper proposes an X-MAC/BEB protocol that runs a binary exponential backoff (BEB) algorithm on top of an X-MAC protocol to save more energy by reducing collision, especially in densely populated wireless sensor networks (WSNs). X-MAC, a lightweight asynchronous duty cycle medium access control (MAC) protocol, was introduced for spending less energy than its predecessor, B-MAC. One of X-MAC 's conspicuous technique is a mechanism to allow senders to promptly send their data when their receivers wake up. X-MAC, however, has no mechanism to deal with sudden traffic fluctuations that often occur whenever closely located nodes simultaneously diffuse their sense data. To precisely evaluate the impact of the BEB algorithm on X-MAC, this paper builds an analytical model of X-MAC/BEB that integrates the BEB model with the X-MAC model. The analytical and simulation results confirmed that X-MAC/BEB outperformed X-MAC in terms of throughput, delay, and energy consumption, especially in congested WSNs.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.73-105
• /
• 1993

To say nothing of the orient and the west, the human beings discover the method of Jin Mac(診脈) by the way that observe disease. But oriental medicine devise special method of Jin Mac(診脈) in the study of Kyoung Mac(經脈). Although sip-ei Kyoung Mac Jin(十二經脈診), Sam Bu Gu Who Jin(三部九候診), In Young Mac Gu Jin(人迎脈口診), Chon Kwan Chuck Jin(寸關尺診) namely Yuk Bu Jung Wee Jin Mac (六部定位診脈) that is used today are devised, it has changed naturally by the changing treatment and the introduction of Yuin Yang(陰陽) and five element(五行). Many methods dg Jin Mac(診脈), it had not developped successing alternative, it had developped of declined by it's own way. 1. Results for the birth of Mac(脈) 1) Mac(脈), it means Kyoung Mac(經脈), at first entirelly Mac(脈), is seized a blood vessel that flows in the body. As presumed today, after finding many acupunture point, a general idea of Mac(脈) is not maked by the line that connect point and point, it connect between acupunture point and acupunture point. 2) Like blood flows in Hyul Mac(血脈), Gie(氣) flows in Kyoung Mac(經脈). The two things relate deeply each other. In a general idea or actrally Kyoung Rak(經洛), the two things sometimes accord, sometimes seperate, sometimes mix alternative. 3) Hyul Mac(血脈) and Kyoung Mac(經脈), we call it Mac(脈) entirely Kyoung Mac(經脈), is a way that manifest disease through Kyoung Mac(經脈) or a boundary that disease belongs to it method of Mac Jin(脈診) individual that disease of Kyoung Mac(經脈) is diagnosed by the jumping situation of Hyul Mac(血脈). 4) In method of Moxa, athough the pathology and the diagnostic of Mac(脈) are created by finding Mac(脈). Finding acupunture have opportunitty fot Mac Jin(脈診) and treatment. 2. Results of Kyoung Mac Mac Jin(經脈脈診) 1) In theory of kyoung Rak(經洛), disease are resumed for malfunction of Young Wee(榮衛) that flows in Kyung Rak(經洛). So to speak, in treatment of Kyoung Rak area, the purpose of diagnosis observe the situation of disease and cause. For fitting the purpose of diagnosis, the dead had esatablised four-diagnosis method mangMunMnnJeul(望聞問切), in four-diagnosis(四診法), the core is Mac Jin(脈診). 2) sip-ei Kyoung Mac Mac Jin(十二經脈診) had existed as Kyoung Mac Mac Jin(經脈脈診), it precedes Sam Bu Gu Who Jin(三部九候診). In Young Ki Gu Mac(人迎脈口診). 3) Although Bu Yang Mac(趺陽脈), So Um Mac(少陰脈) is a part of Sip-ei Kyoung Mac(十二經脈診), they developped especially because they located in the point of Won Hyul(原穴) and they are convenient for diagnose. 4) Sip-ei Kyoung Mac Mac Jin(十二經脈診), which belongs to Bu Yang Mac(趺陽脈) and So Urn Mac(少陰脈), is not important for the comming age medical books compared with Mac Kyoung(脈經). 3. Results gor Sam Bu Gu Who Jin(三部九候診) 1) Mac Jin(脈診) of Sam Bu Gu Who(三部九候), which is noted in the theory of Sam Bu Gu Who(三部九候診) of So Mun(素問), belongs to Kyoung Mac Mac Jin's(經脈脈診) geneology, Sip-ei Kyoung Mac Mac Jin(十二經脈診) is arranged, simplicated by the idealogy three talents(三才思想) in the heaven and the earth. 2) What Sam Bu Gu Jin(三部九候診) is regardded as very important in So Mun(素問), the editor of So Mun(素問) recognize the meaning that one discover disease early in this method of diagnosis. 3) After Young chu(靈樞), Nan Kyoung(難經) it is lacked the method of Sam Bu Gu Who Jin(三部九候診) in the books that treatment has changed. Sam Bu Gu Who Jin(三部九候診) based on actually clinic appropriate. 4. results for In Young Mac Gu Jin(人迎脈口診) 1) In Young Mac Gu Jin(人迎脈口診) is the method of comparative Mac Jin(脈診) according to the theory of Yin Yang(陰陽), it is presumed after Sam Bu Gu Who Jin(三部九候診), it had perished in parallel with the development of the theory of five elelment(五行). The development of the acupunture, the perishment of the treatment of negative(刺絡). 2) In Young Mac Gu Jin(人迎脈口診), Wang Suk Wha(王叔和) recreated that the left is In Young(人迎), the right is Kie Gu(氣口). In future generations by Jin Mu Taek(陳無擇) who is the writer of Sam In Bang(三因方). In Young Mac Gu Jin(人迎脈口診) is a measure for disease which classify it's inside and outside cause. 5. Results for Chon Gu Mac Jin(寸口脈診) 1) What we say Mac Jin(脈診) of Chon Gu(寸口) two means are used in commn. First case, we simply say the area of Chon Gu(寸口), second case, we say Chon Kwan Chuk Jin(寸口尺診) reducingly. Chon Gu(寸口) is the area which is the radial artery of wrist joint. What we attemp diagnose by only Chon Gu Mac(寸口脈), it is clearly shoued in the method of Nan Kyoung, five Nan(難經五難). 2) Because Jin Mac(診脈) is made in only Chon Gu(寸口), that is the area in which is concentated Kyoung Kee(經氣). That is the birth of Jin Kee(眞氣) and Jin Kee(眞氣) is related with disease. We can diagnose disease by taking Chon Gu(寸口). 3) Chuk Jin(尺診) in Nae Kyoung(難經) have two things. One is Il Chuk(一尺), the other is Chon Kwan Chu(寸關尺). 4) Chuk Chon Jin(尺寸診) is the method which diagnose the difference of point and the condition of Mac(脈) by dividing a part of Chuk(尺) in the area of Chon Gu(寸口). In Chon Gu Jin(寸口診), by introducing the theory of Yin Yang(陰陽), the method of Chon Gu Jin(寸口診) is developed by chon Gu Jin(寸口診). 5) What Chuk Kwan Chon Jin(寸關尺診) is that area of the Chon Gu(寸口) are divided fot three point, we can diagnose. By consulting Sam Bu Gu Who Jin(三部九候診), developping of the method of acupunture, utilzing the theory of five element(五行) it is devised by concentrating way of thinking of the method mac Jin(脈診) exiting. 6) Chon Kwan Chuk Jin MaC(寸關尺診脈) begin from Nae Kyoung(內徑) exiting. After Nan Kyoung(內徑), spread out widely from Mac Kyoung(脈診) of Wang Suk wha(王叔和), the future medicins followed it. Yang Hyun Jo(楊玄操) and established Chon Kwan Chuk Jin(寸關尺診) which is used widely today. This right and left Chon Kwan Chuk Jin(寸關尺診), we call it method of Yuk Bu Jung Wee Jin Mac(六部定位診脈). 7) We can think the base which presume the arrangement of the viscera for Chon Kwan Chuk(寸關尺) of the right and the left. 8) The origin, which seperate the right and the left of Mac(脈), is showed at the treory of Ji Jin Yo Dae(至眞要大論) in So Mun(素問) which Chon Chuk(寸尺) seperate the right and the left. But the method of diagnosis in Nan Kyoung(難經) have no seperation the fight and the left. Otherwise this. there is clearly writtened the seperation for the right origin of the method of Yuk Bu Jung Wee Jin Mac(六部定位診脈) seek for Cang Gong(倉公). 9) Yang Hyun Jo(楊玄操) notice that the Chuk(尺) is mentioned for Sam Cho(三焦) in the method of Mac Kyuong(脈經), Sim Po Kyung(心包經) which put together with Sam Cho(三焦) allot on this, he had established the method of Yuk Bu Jung Wee Jin Mac(六部定位診脈). 10) On the method of Paen Jak Yin Yang Mac(扁鵲陰陽脈) in Mac Kyoung(脈經), equal article exist with the theory of Pyung In Kee Sang(平人氣象論) in So Mun(素問). When Wang Suk Wha(王叔和) write Mac Kyung(脈經), we can presume that the book of Mac(脈) which Paen Jak(扁鵲) had experienced the origin have exited besides So Mun(素問), Young Chu(靈樞). If so he must be make Chon Kwan Chuk Jin(寸關尺診) very fairly standard. So Nae Kyoung(內經), which must be fllowed the method of Paen Jak Mac(扁鵲脈), do the method diagnosis of Chon Kwan Chuk(寸關尺), diagnise of disease and treat.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2006.05a
• /
• pp.99-103
• /
• 2006

In this paper, we focus on the problem of designing an energy efficient MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks and analyze S(Sensor)-MAC and T(Time-out)-MAC. S-MAC is based on the concept of the 'listen/sleep mode cycle'. This applies message passing to reduce contention latency for sensor-network applications that require store-and-forward processing as data moves through the network. However unlike the S-MAC, where the duration of the cycle is fixed, T-MAC introduces an adaptive duty cycle in a novel way: by dynamical ending the active part of it. This reduces the amount of energy wasted on idle listening, in which nodes wait for potentially incoming messages while still maintaining a reasonable throughput. In this paper we discuss the design of these two Protocols. We analyze them from the aspect of latency, throughput, and power savings when using the OMNeT++ simulator in various environments.