• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.108-113
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• 2021

Multiview autostereoscopic three-dimensional (MA3D) displays have the disadvantage that the single-view resolution decreases as the number of views increases. Furthermore, the resolution of MA3D displays is relatively degraded, even though the resolution of two-dimensional displays has increased recently. Therefore, it is unattractive to consumers, and the single-view resolution enhancement of MA3D displays is required. In this study, we developed a method for supplementing the single-view resolution of MA3D displays using a plate beam splitter that can show two MA3D displays simultaneously. By applying our proposed method, the resolution of a single view can increase, and the visual obstruction by the optical plate, which is a problem for MA3D displays, can be solved. In addition, an MA3D display was optically designed and fabricated using a parallax barrier. Finally, the experimental optical results obtained using the proposed method and the only MA3D display were compared.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.46-52
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• 1997

To obtain more sensitive immunoassay for methamphetamine (MA) determination, the optimum condition of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was investigated in regard to immunogens, antibody purification methods and coating tracers. Activated MA, N-(4-aminobutyl)methamphetamine (4-ABMA), was conjugated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) or keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and used as immunogen. The antibodies were purified by protein G chromatography or various immunoaffinity chromatography-linked MA-protein ligands, such as MA-BSA, MA-KLH or MA-ovalbumin (OVA). Each purified antibody was characterized by means of sensitivity and cross-reactivity using the three MA-protein coating tracers, MA-BSA, MA-KLH and MA-OVA. The best sensitivity of each antibody was acquired with the MA-OVA tracer although the tracer concentration and the antibody titer level at optimum condition were varied. The antibody with high titer level did not always yield good sensitivity. At optimum condition, immunoaffinity chromatography-purified antibodies were better for sensitivity and for specificity than protein G-purified antibodies. The cross-reactivity of the purified antibodies seemed to be affected by immunogen structure and showed somewhat different patterns according to the immunoaffinity ligand utilized. These data show that the antibody purification method as well as choice of coating tracer and immunogen is essential for the sensitivity and specificity of EIA; the optimum condition for assay should be discovered using various methods and combinations.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.129-134
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• 2016

A routing protocol in mobile ad hoc networks is important, and a location based routing has attracted attention. We have proposed a method, in which plural mobile agents (MA) manage location information and construct a route and the number of MA dynamically changes depending on the network situation. However, the area where each MA manages is not always appropriate. This would increase the network load due to unnecessary split and mergence of MAs. To solve this problem, in this paper, we propose an enhanced method. In this method, the MA management area is properly determined based on distribution of nodes. From the performance evaluation, we show that the proposed method outperforms conventional methods in terms of packet delivery rate when network load is high.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.328-336
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• 2008

This research proposes a method for economic-statistical design of adaptive moving average (A-MA) charts. The basic idea of the A-MA chart is to accumulate previous samples selectively in order to increase the sensitivity. The A-MA chart is a kind of adaptive chart such as the variable sampling size (VSS) chart. A major advantage of the A-MA chart over the VSS chart is that it is easy to maintain rational subgroups by using the fixed sampling size. A steady state cost rate function is constructed based on Lorenzen and Vance (1986) model. The cost rate function is optimized with respect to five design parameters. Computational experiments show that the A-MA chart is superior to the VSS chart as well as to the Shewhart $\bar{X}$ chart in the economic-statistical sense.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.163-172
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• 2019

Methamphetamine (MA) is currently the most abused illicit drug in Korea and its major metabolite is amphetamine (AP). As MA exist as two enantiomers with the different pharmacological properties, it is necessary to determine their respective amounts in a sample. Thus a chiral stationary phase liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for identification and quantification of d-MA, l-MA, d-AP, and l-AP in human urine. Urine sample ($200{\mu}L$) was diluted with pure water and purified using solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridge. A $5-{\mu}L$ aliquot of SPE treated sample solution was injected into LC-MS/MS system. Chiral separation was carried out on the Astec Chirobiotic V2 column with an isocratic elution for each enantiomer. Identification and quantification of enantiomeric MA and AP was performed using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) detection mode. Linear regression with a $1/x^2$ as the weighting factor was applied to generate a calibration curve. The linear ranges were 25-1000 ng/mL for all compounds. The intra- and inter-day precisions were within 3.6 %, while the intra- and inter-day accuracies ranged from -5.4 % to 11.8 %. The limits of detection were 2.5 ng/mL (d-MA), 3.5 ng/mL (l-MA), 7.5 ng/mL (d-AP), and 7.5 ng/mL (l-AP). Method validation parameters such as selectivity, matrix effect, and stability were evaluated and met acceptance criteria. The applicability of the method was tested by the analysis of genuine forensic urine samples from drug abusers. d-MA is the most common compound found in urine and mainly used by abusers.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.419-425
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• 2008

A qualitative and quantitative analytical method was developed for detection of methamphetamine (MA) and its main metabolite amphetamine (AM) in oral fluid. Oral fluids of eleven drug abusers were provided by Police, specimens were collected by stimulation with a cotton swab treated with 20 mg of citric acid ($Salivette^{(R)}$; Sarstedt, USA). As the preliminary test, oral fluid samples were screened for amphetamines by Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay (TDxFLx, Abbott Co.). Extraction for MA was performed using solid-phase extraction (SPE) by $RapidTrace^{TM}$ (Zymark, USA) with mixed mode cation exchange cartridge, CLEAN $SCREEN^{(R)}$ (130 mg/3 ml, UCT) after dilution with phosphate buffer. Samples were evaporated and derivatized by pentafluoropropionic acid anhydride (PFPA). Quantitation of MA and AM was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) using selective ion monitoring (SIM), the quantitation ions were m/z 204 (MA), 208 (MA-$D_5$), 190 (AM) and 194 (AM-$D_5$). The selectivity, linearity of calibration, limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) within- and between day precision, accuracy and recoveries were examined as parts of the method validation. All oral fluid samples gave positive results to immunoassay for MA (cut-off level, 50 ng/ml as d-amphetamine). Concentrations of MA and AM by GC-MS in eleven samples were ranged 104.2${\sim}$4603.3 ng/ml and 32.4${\sim}$268.6 ng/ml, respectively. Extracted calibration curves of MA and AM were linear over the two concentration range of 1${\sim}$100 and 50${\sim}$1000 ng/ml with correlation coefficient of above 0.999. LOQ of MA and AM was 1 and 3 ng/ml, respectively. The intraand inter-day run precisions (CV) for MA and AM were less than 10%, and the accuracies (bias) for MA and AM were also less than 10% at the two different concentrations 5 and 100 ng/ml at low calibration range, 50 and 1000 ng/ml at high calibration range. The absolute recoveries of MA and AM at low and high calibration ranges were more than 82% and 75%, respectively. In this study the qualitative and quantitative analytical method of MA in oral fluid was established. Oral fluid testing may detect drug use in past hours because of its shorter detection window than urine, and be useful in post-accident situations. So oral fluids will be most useful for testing drug abuse in the driving under the influence of drug (DUID) as the alternative specimens of urine.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.111-134
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• 2021

Recently, the preparation and submission of DMP is gradually becoming compulsory, centering on domestic government-funded research institutes. However, as DMP preparation is described in written or free text, there is a problem that research data management cannot be properly explained due to non-standardization and insufficient preparation in terms of standards, formats, and management. Therefore, in this study, a case study was conducted on a machine-readable DMP that can be automatically generated and maintained by a machine, and a method for applying maDMP was proposed. Examples of maDMP investigated included RDCS, Argos, Haplo Repository, and DMap. In addition, the use of permanent identifiers, application of controlled vocabulary, and application of semantic technologies such as ontology can be mentioned as possible ways to apply maDMP.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.02a
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• pp.541-541
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• 2012

InP quantum dots capped by myristic acid (InP-MA QDs) were synthesized by a typical hot injection method using MA as stablizing agent. The current density across the InP-MA QDs thin film which was fabricated by spin-coating method is about $10^{-4}A/cm^2$ at the electric field of 0.1 MV/cm from I-V measurement on a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) device. The low conductivity of the InP-MA QDs thin film is interpreted as due to the long interdistances among the dots governed by the MA molecules. Therefore, replacing the MA with thioacetic acid (TAA) by biphasic ligand exchange was conducted in order to obtain TAA capped InP QDs (InP-TAA). InP-TAA QDs were designed due to: 1) the TAA is very short molecule; 2) the thiolate groups on the surface of the InP-TAA QDs are expected to undergo condensation reaction upon thermal annealing which connects the QDs within the QD thin film through a very short linker -S-; and 3) TAA provides better passivation to the QDs both in the solution and thin film states which minimizing the effect of surface trapping states.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.497-508
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• 2005

This paper aims at studying on K-means Clustering focusing on initialization which affect the clustering results in K-means cluster analysis. The four different methods(the MA method, the KA method, the Max-Min method and the Space Partition method) were compared and the clustering result shows that there were some differences among these methods, especially that the MA method sometimes leads to incorrect clustering due to the inappropriate initialization depending on the types of data and the Max-Min method is shown to be more effective than other methods especially when the data size is large.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.3 s.45
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• pp.215-225
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• 2005

Numerous clay veins along fractures such as fault, joints, cracks and small fissures are found in granitic rocks in the Korean Peninsula. Granitic rocks of three geological stages (Jurassic, Cretaceous and Paleogene) occur in the Korean Peninsula, and are known as the Daebo, Bulguksa and Hoam granites, respectively. Specimens from clay veins composed or mainly mica clay mineral (illite) were dated using the K-Ar method with the hosted granitoids. The respective ages were as follows. Jurassic: granites 143.7 Ma and 160 Ma, clay mineral veins 104 Ma and 107 Ma: Cretaceous: granite 133.2 Ma, clay mineral veins 93.6 Ma, 84.2 Ma and 84.3 Ma: Paleogene: granite 39.7 Ma and 35.4Ma, clay mineral veins 27.1 Ma and 23.9 Ma. The ages of the clay veins in the Korean Peninsula are clearly much younger than those of their hosted granitoids. This contrasts with data for similar clay veins in Cretaceous and Paleogene granitoids in southwest Japan, where the K-Ar ages of mica clay minerals are slightly younger than their host rocks, or are almost the same.