• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.91-97
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• 2021

The United States is responding to evolving cyberattacks through the Commercial Solutions for Classified Program (CSfC). Authorized safety evaluation and certification are being carried out so that US government agencies can quickly introduce civilian commercial security products into the national pavilion. Commercial security products registered in the CSfC process can be used by defense agencies through a rapid approval process. Defense agencies approve commercial security products without duplicate evaluation. Approved security products can reduce the time, cost, and cost of the approval process required to implement the defense information system. In this study, security control for 4 types of network security architecture MSC (Multi-Site Connectivity), MA (Mobile Access), Campus WLAN, and DAR (Data at Rest) proposed by the US National Security Agency (NSA) for introduction to national defense A detailed analysis was performed on the items.

• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.37-54
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• 2021

The study determined the access, skills and constraints towards the usage of ICT among barangay officials. A complete enumeration technique was used due to the small size of the population. A total of 121 barangay secretaries and barangay treasurers comprised the study respondents. The findings revealed that most of barangay officials have access to personal computer at home and in the office using their own mobile data and office internet connectivity. With the support from the Local Government Unit (LGU), it was found that most of the respondents are advance and proficient in computer usage. As constraints to ICT usage, the study respondents still experienced slow internet bandwidth that makes connection and communication weak along with the low income status. Consequently, it was found that there were no significant differences in terms of skills and constraints among barangay secretaries and barangay treasurers towards using ICT. It can be concluded that study respondents prefer to use office computer to access the information they need due to the convenience and availability of resources. The study respondents were competent enough to handle their job well but listed slow internet and low financial resources may hamper their ICT usage. Research implications were also offered.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.34-41
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• 2020

Nowadays, the advanced smart convergences of the artificial intelligence (AI) and the internet of things (IoT) have been more and more important, in the fifth generation (5G) and beyond 5G (B5G) mobile communication. In 5G and B5G mobile networks, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been extensively investigated as one of the most promising multiple access (MA) technologies. In this paper, we investigate the achievable data rate for the asymmetric binary pulse amplitude modulation (2PAM), in non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA). First, we derive the closed-form expression for the achievable data rate of the asymmetric 2PAM NOMA. Then it is shown that the achievable data rate of the asymmetric 2PAM NOMA reduces for the stronger channel user over the entire range of power allocation, whereas the achievable data rate of the asymmetric 2PAM NOMA increases for the weaker channel user improves over the power allocation range less than 50%. We also show that the sum rate of the asymmetric 2PAM NOMA is larger than that of the conventional standard 2PAM NOMA, over the power allocation range larger than 25%. In result, the asymmetric 2PAM could be a promising modulation scheme for NOMA of 5G systems, with the proper power allocation.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.794-814
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• 2012

We propose a novel method for improving Wi-Fi positioning accuracy while reducing the energy consumption of mobile devices. Our method presents three contributions. First, we jointly and intelligently select the optimal subset of access points for positioning via maximum mutual information criterion. Second, we further propose local discriminant embedding algorithm for nonlinear discriminative feature extraction, a process that cannot be effectively handled by existing linear techniques. Third, to reduce complexity and make input signal space more compact, we incorporate clustering analysis to localize the positioning model. Experiments in realistic environments demonstrate that the proposed method can lower energy consumption while achieving higher accuracy compared with previous methods. The improvement can be attributed to the capability of our method to extract the most discriminative features for positioning as well as require smaller computation cost and shorter sensing time.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2013

For alleviating the low spectrum efficiency problem of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), due to the strong inter-cell-interference (ICI) at cell's edge, we introduce comb-spectrum code division multiple access (CS-CDMA) into broadband OFDM system at downlink channel for enabling the use of entire spectrum for seamless coverage. In addition, we develop a new method, called orthogonal cell code (OCC) scheme, to assist CS-CDMA for nullifying the ICI from contiguous cells. In system operation, each of the conventional cells is divided into an outer cell and an inner cell, and a mobile station (MS) should access to the CS-CDMA when it is in the outer cell and access to OFDM when it is in the inner cell. This study investigates the spectrum efficiency of using CS-CDMA and makes a comparison with that of long term evolution (LTE) in the following cases; (1) under an assumption of perfect channel state information and (2) based on channel estimates at a MS station. The results show the great advantage of utilizing the proposed system.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.41-47
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• 2001

The paper describes SR3 (Synchronous Round Robin with Reservations), a collision-free medium access control protocol for all-optical slotted packet networks based on WDM multi-channel ring topologies where nodes are equipped with one fixed-wavelength receiver and one wavelength-tunable transmitter SR3 is derived from the SRR and MMR protocols previously proposed by the same authors for the same class of all-optical networks. SRR and MMR already achieve an efficient exploitation of the available bandwidth, while guaranteeing a throughput-fair access to each node. SR3, In addition, allows nodes to reserve slots. thereby achieving a stronger control on access delays; it is thus well suited to meet tight delay requirements, as it is the case for multimedia applications. Simulation results show that SR3 provides very good performance to guaranteed qualify traffic, but also brings signigicant performance improvements for best-effort traffic. Energy effciency is an important issue for optical network since they must rely on their batteries. We present a novel MAC protocol that achieves a good energy efficiency of optical interface of the network and provides support for diverse traffic types and QoS. The scheduler of the base station is responsible to provide the required QoS to connections on the optical link and to minimise the amount of energy spend by the High speed Network. The main principles of the MaC protocol are to avoid unsuccessful actions, minimise the number of transitions , and synchronise the mobile and the base-station. We will show that considerable amounts of energy can be saved using these principles.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.12A
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• pp.1309-1318
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• 2004

The rapid growth of the mobile Internet has enabled its application area to expand, and its users want services that require more bandwidth for multimedia services. There are limits to support the various multimedia service to mobile station provided by existing mobile communications. The wireless MAN called the IEEE 802.16 Broadband Wireless Access systems which the IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN is similar to wireline Internet service being able to supper a various contents is used and is designed to consider a handoff is studying. Especially, TG(Task Group)e of IEEE 802.16 is in progress discussion to support a handoff to higher layer using BS(Base Station) or unit of sector, to UC. Yet a scheme is not detail. This thesis proposes the network model for IEEE 802.16e to support a soft handoff between BSs to use a mobile communication network called cdma2000 Ix EV-DO network. The proposed network model supports soft handoff to add a management skill in MA of each BS for MC(Mobility Controller). The proposed network model has merits that is able to apply existing systems as it is and that is able to use a various multimedia service, when using a wireless Internet.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.28 no.6A
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• pp.341-350
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• 2003

In this paper, we evaluate the performance of a moving average (MA) channel estimation filter when space-time block coding transmit diversity (STBC-TD) is applied to the wideband direct sequence code division multiple access (WCDMA) forward link. And we present the infinite impulse response (IIR) filter scheme that can reduce the required memory buffer and the channel estimation delay time. This paper also compares the performance between MA filter scheme and IIR filter scheme in various Rayleigh fading channel environments through the bit error rate (BER) and the frame error rate (FER). Extensive computer simulation results show that transmission with STBC-TD provides a significant gain in performance over no transmit diversity technique, particularly at pedestrian speeds. If STBC-TD technique is employed in the channel estimator based on MA filter, it provides considerable performance gains against Rayleigh fading and reduces the optimum filter tap number. Consequently, the channel estimation delay time and the complexity of the receiver are reduced. In addition, the channel estimator based on IIR filter has the advantages such as little memory requirement and no delay time compared to the MA scheme. However, IIR filter coefficients is very sensitive to the mobile speed change and it exerts a serious influence upon the performance. For that reason, it is important to set uP the optimum IIR filter coefficients.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.449-460
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• 2019

Today, the fashion business environment of the 4.0 generation is changing based on fashion technology combined with advanced digital technologies such as AI (Artificial Intelligence), big data and IoT (Internet of Things). "Digital Transformation" means a fundamental change and innovation in a digital paradigm including corporate strategy, organization, communication, and business model, based on the utilization of digital technology. Thus, this study examines digital transformation strategies through the fashion brand Burberry. The study contents are as follows. First, it examines the theoretical concept of digital transformation and its utilization status. Second, it analyzes the characteristics of Burberry's digital transformation based on its strategies. For the research methodology, a literature review was performed on books and papers, aligning with case studies through websites, social media, and news articles. The result showed that first, Burberry has reset their main target to Millennials who actively use mobile and social media, and continues to communicate with them by utilizing digital strategy in the entire management. Second, Burberry is quickly delivering consistent brand identity to consumers by internally creating and providing social media-friendly content. Third, they have started real-time product sales and services by using IT to enhance access to brands and to lead consumers towards more active participation. In this study, Burberry's case shows that digital transformation can contribute to increased brand value and sales, keeping up with the changes in the digital paradigm. Therefore, the study suggests that digital transformation will serve as an important business strategy for fashion brands in the future.