• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.5489-5494
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• 2013

In the current study we aimed to show the common YMDD motif mutations in viral polymerase gene in chronic hepatitis B patients during lamivudine and adefovir therapy. Forty-one serum samples obtained from chronic hepatitis B patients (24 male, 17 female; age range: 34-68 years) were included in the study. HBV-DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of the patients using an extraction kit (Invisorb, Instant Spin DNA/RNA Virus Mini Kit, Germany). A line probe assay and direct sequencing analyses (INNO-LIPA HBV DR v2; INNOGENETICS N.V, Ghent, Belgium) were applied to determine target mutations of the viral polymerase gene in positive HBV-DNA samples. A total of 41 mutations located in 21 different codons were detected in the current results. In 17 (41.5%) patients various point mutations were detected leading to lamivudin, adefovir and/or combined drug resistance. Wild polymerase gene profiles were detected in 24 (58.5%) HBV positive patients of the current cohort. Eight of the 17 samples (19.5%) having rtM204V/I/A missense transition and/or transversion point mutations and resistance to lamivudin. Six of the the mutated samples (14.6%) having rtL180M missense transversion mutation and resistance to combined adefovir and lamivudin. Three of the mutated samples (7.5%) having rtG215H by the double base substituation and resistance to adefovir. Three of the mutated samples (7.5%) having codon rtL181W due to the missense transversion point mutations and showed resistance to combined adefovir and lamivudin. Unreported novel point mutations were detected in the different codons of polymerase gene region in the current HBV positive cohort fromTurkish population. The current results provide evidence that rtL180M and rtM204V/I/A mutations of HBV-DNA may be associated with a poor antiviral response and HBV chronicity during conventional therapy in Turkish patients.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.177-182
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• 2011

A diketo-type ligand was synthesized by the Knoevenagel condensation reaction of thiophene-2-aldehyde with acetylacetone, subsequently its transition metal complexes with Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II) chlorides were also prepared. All the complexes were characterized by various physico-chemical methods. The molar conductivity data reveals ionic nature for the complexes. The electronic spectrum and the EPR values suggest square planar geometry for the Cu(II) ion. Interaction of the Cu(II) complex with CTDNA (calf thymus DNA) was studied by absorption spectral method and cyclic voltammetry. The $k_{obs}$ values versus [DNA] gave a linear plot suggesting psuedo-first order reaction kinetics. The cyclic voltammogram of the Cu(II) complex reveals a quasi-reversible wave attributed to Cu(II)/Cu(I) redox couple for one electron transfer with $E_{1/2}$ values -0.240 V and -0.194 V. respectively. On addition of CTDNA, there is a shift in the $E_{1/2}$ values 168 mV and 18 mV respectively and decrease in Ep values. The shift in $E_{1/2}$ values in the presence of CTDNA suggests strong binding of Cu(II) complex to the CTDNA.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.415-418
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• 1999

The characteristics of VRLA (valve regulated Iead-acid) battery with the tubular positive plate and gel type electrolyte were examined as a function of active material filling density. The filling density of positive plate was 3.2 g/mL, 3.4 g/mL, and 3.6 g/mL, respectively. These VRLA batteries were cycled with 100% DOD (depth of discharge) at the $C_5/5$ rate, followed by IU-type recharge with $I_{max}=0.2C_{10}/10$ and a final voltage V=2.40 V/cell. The test was performed in a thermostatic room at $25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. The result indicated that the initial capacity was independent of active material filling density, i.e., the highest initial capacity was 3.4 g/mL of filling density and the lowest was 3.6 g/mL. On aspect of the cycle-life performance of the VRLA battery, the filling density of 3.6 g/mL was similar to that of 3.4 g/mL in the positive plate, and both were higher than that of 3.2 g/mL. Water-loss and degradation of the VRLA battery were decreased according to an increase of the filling density in the positive plate. The optimum filling density of the active material was 3.4~3.6 g/mL.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.114-118
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• 2006

A study on bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of florfenicol was conducted in broilers following a single intravenous (i.v.) and oral (p.o.) doses of 20 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). Florfenicol concentrations in plasma were determined by a high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Plasma concentration-time data after i.v. administration were analyzed by a non-compartmental analysis. Following i.v. injection, the total body clearance was $0.74{\pm}0.25L/kg/h$ and the volume of distribution at steady-state was $1.16{\pm}0.19L/kg$. Florfenicol was rapidly distributed and eliminated following i.v. injection with $1.15{\pm}1.06h$ of elimination half-life. After oral administration, the calculated $C_{max}$ values ($8.18{\pm}0.97{\mu}g/mL$) were reached at $1.33{\pm}0.29h$ in broilers. The elimination half-life of florfenicol was $1.31{\pm}0.27h$ and the absolute bioavailability (F) was 75.46% after oral administration of florfenicol. Florfenicol amine, a major metabolite of florfenicol, was detected in all broilers after i.v. and p.o. administration of florfenicol. The observed $C_{max}$ values of florfenicol amine ($3.96{\pm}2.60\;and\;2.22{\pm}1.71{\mu}g/mL$) were reached at $0.16{\pm}0.19\;and\;1.61{\pm}1.02h$ after i.v. and p.o. administration of florfenicol, respectively. Florfenicol amine was eliminated with $1.88{\pm}0.39\;and\;2.64{\pm}1.39h$ of the elimination half-life after i.v. and p.o. administration of florfenicol, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.34-40
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• 1993

Nylon 6 based magnetic pellets for injection molding were produced using plasma arc melt-spun $Nd_{10.5}Fe_{79}Co_{2}Zr_{1.5}B_{7}$ powders. Two sorts of bonded magnets made of two different sizes of particles ($38~75\;\mu\textrm{m}$ and $75~150\;\mu\textrm{m}$) were prepared to determine critical volume fraction of magnet powders, and the magnetic prop erties of the magnets were discussed as a function of density. For the nylon fi based Nd-Fe-Co-Zr-B pellets made of $38~75\;\mu\textrm{m}$ particles, the critical volume fraction of powders 0.7 was obtained with the pellet density which is 90% of theoretical density while the magnets of $75~150\;\mu\textrm{m}$ showed the density of 87% of the theoretical value with the same volume fraction. The nylon (i magnets with the addition of 0.5 wt. % silicon oil only exhibited the best magnetic properties to have $_{i}H_{c}=8.8\;kOe,\;B_{r}=5.1\;kG$ and $(BH)_{max}=5.2\;MGOe$ which are of world class. An empirical relationship in predicting the magnet density with a known fraction ($V_s$) of loading powders was obtained such as ${\rho}(g/cm^{3})=1.1+K.V_{s}$ where the K ranges over 5.3~5.6 be ing dependent upon the particle size loaded.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.183-190
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• 2001

The activity concentration of primordial radionuclides i.e., $^{238}U$ series, $^{232}Th$ series and $^{40}K$, in soil samples collected from Udagamandalam environment, have been measured by employing NaI (Tl) Gamma ray Spectrometer. The absorbed gamma dose rate has also been simultaneously measured by using both Environmental Radiation Dosimeter at each soil sampling location (ambient gamma dose) as well as from the gamma dose derived from the activity concentration of the primordial radionuclides. The results of activity concentration of each radio nuclides in soil, absorbed dose rate in air due to soil activity and possible cosmic radiation at each location along with human effective dose equivalent for Udagamandalam environment are presented and discussed.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2002.07b
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• pp.741-743
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• 2002

Some different types of joining between two parallel high Tc superconducting tapes were prepared and I-V characteristic curves were obtained at the atmosphere of liquid nitrogen. Resistances in joint parts were estimated from I-V curves. We selected the best jointing method among these methods and its resistance were obtained at 28K. The availability of this joint method for fabricating HTS field coils is discussed.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.285-289
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• 2015

We prepared silver Schottky contacts to O-polar and nonpolar m-plane bulk ZnO wafers. Then, by considering various transport models, we performed a comparative analysis of the current transport properties of Ag/bulk ZnO Schottky diodes, which were measured at 300, 200, and 100 K. The fitting of the forward bias current-voltage (I-V) characteristics revealed that the tunneling current is dominant as the transport component in both the samples. Compared to thermionic emission (TE), a stronger contribution of tunneling current was observed at low temperature. The reverse bias I-V characteristics were well fitted with the thermionic field emission (TFE) in both the samples. The presence of acceptor-like adsorbates, such as O₂ and H₂O, modulated the surface conductive state of ZnO, thereby affecting the tunneling effect. The degree of activation/passivation of acceptor-like adsorbates might be different in both the samples owing to their different surface morphologies and surface defects (e.g., oxygen vacancies).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.816-825
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• 1998

This study surveys the thermal property and air permeability to the weight reduction rate of PET fabrics. For this purpose, 12 kinds of satin and 18 kinds of plain weave fabrics are prepared with change of the physical properties such as weft yarn count, t.p.m. and density. The weight reduction rate was 0%, 12%, 25% and 30%. The warm/cool feeling(Qmax), thermal insulating value(T.I.V.) and thermal conductivity(K) were measured by KES-F7 System and discussed in relation with the weight reduction rate, weft yarn linear density, t.p.m., weft density of fabric and weave structure.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.314.1-314.1
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• 2014

The properties of Ni/Au Ohmic contacts formed on nonpolar a-plane GaN grown on r-plane sapphire substrate with different tilt angles are investigated using current-voltage (I-V) measurements. To investigate the effects of pattern direction and size on Ohmic contact properties of a-plane GaN, transmission line method (TLM) patterns are formed either along c-axis and m-axis on nonpolar GaN surface with different size. I-V measurement results show that the size of TLM pattern and formation direction of electrode have an effect on the electrical properties of a-plane GaN. The large sized patterns show the relatively lower sheet resistance compared to the small sized patterns. In addition, the sheet resistance of a-plane GaN along m-axis shows lower values than that along the c-axis. Finally, the effects of miscut angle of r-sapphire substrate ($0.2^{\circ}$, 0.4oand $0.6^{\circ}$) on electrical properties of a-plane GaN will be discussed.