• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.4592-4598
• /
• 1978

The purpose of this research is to find out mathemetically an economical intake water depth in the design of head works through the derivation of some formulas. For the performance of the purpose the following formulas were found out for the design intake water depth in each flow type of intake sluice, such as overflow type and orifice type. (1) The conditional equations of !he economical intake water depth in .case that weir body is placed on permeable soil layer ; (a) in the overflow type of intake sluice, {{{{ { zp}_{1 } { Lh}_{1 }+ { 1} over {2 } { Cp}_{3 }L(0.67 SQRT { q} -0.61) { ( { d}_{0 }+ { h}_{1 }+ { h}_{0 } )}^{- { 1} over {2 } }- { { { 3Q}_{1 } { p}_{5 } { h}_{1 } }^{- { 5} over {2 } } } over { { 2m}_{1 }(1-s) SQRT { 2gs} }+[ LEFT { b+ { 4C TIMES { 0.61}^{2 } } over {3(r-1) }+z( { d}_{0 }+ { h}_{0 } ) RIGHT } { p}_{1 }L+(1+ SQRT { 1+ { z}^{2 } } ) { p}_{2 }L+ { dcp}_{3 }L+ { nkp}_{5 }+( { 2z}_{0 }+m )(1-s) { L}_{d } { p}_{7 } ] =0}}}} (b) in the orifice type of intake sluice, {{{{ { zp}_{1 } { Lh}_{1 }+ { 1} over {2 } C { p}_{3 }L(0.67 SQRT { q} -0.61)}}}} {{{{ { ({d }_{0 }+ { h}_{1 }+ { h}_{0 } )}^{ - { 1} over {2 } }- { { 3Q}_{1 } { p}_{ 6} { { h}_{1 } }^{- { 5} over {2 } } } over { { 2m}_{ 2}m' SQRT { 2gs} }+[ LEFT { b+ { 4C TIMES { 0.61}^{2 } } over {3(r-1) }+z( { d}_{0 }+ { h}_{0 } ) RIGHT } { p}_{1 }L }}}} {{{{+(1+ SQRT { 1+ { z}^{2 } } ) { p}_{2 } L+dC { p}_{4 }L+(2 { z}_{0 }+m )(1-s) { L}_{d } { p}_{7 }]=0 }}}} where, z=outer slope of weir body (value of cotangent), h1=intake water depth (m), L=total length of weir (m), C=Bligh's creep ratio, q=flood discharge overflowing weir crest per unit length of weir (m3/sec/m), d0=average height to intake sill elevation in weir (m), h0=freeboard of weir (m), Q1=design irrigation requirements (m3/sec), m1=coefficient of head loss (0.9∼0.95) s=(h1-h2)/h1, h2=flow water depth outside intake sluice gate (m), b=width of weir crest (m), r=specific weight of weir materials, d=depth of cutting along seepage length under the weir (m), n=number of side contraction, k=coefficient of side contraction loss (0.02∼0.04), m2=coefficient of discharge (0.7∼0.9) m'=h0/h1, h0=open height of gate (m), p1 and p4=unit price of weir body and of excavation of weir site, respectively (won/㎥), p2 and p3=unit price of construction form and of revetment for protection of downstream riverbed, respectively (won/㎡), p5 and p6=average cost per unit width of intake sluice including cost of intake canal having the same one as width of the sluice in case of overflow type and orifice type respectively (won/m), zo : inner slope of section area in intake canal from its beginning point to its changing point to ordinary flow section, m: coefficient concerning the mean width of intak canal site,a : freeboard of intake canal. (2) The conditional equations of the economical intake water depth in case that weir body is built on the foundation of rock bed ; (a) in the overflow type of intake sluice, {{{{ { zp}_{1 } { Lh}_{1 }- { { { 3Q}_{1 } { p}_{5 } { h}_{1 } }^{- {5 } over {2 } } } over { { 2m}_{1 }(1-s) SQRT { 2gs} }+[ LEFT { b+z( { d}_{0 }+ { h}_{0 } )RIGHT } { p}_{1 }L+(1+ SQRT { 1+ { z}^{2 } } ) { p}_{2 }L+ { nkp}_{5 }}}}} {{{{+( { 2z}_{0 }+m )(1-s) { L}_{d } { p}_{7 } ]=0 }}}} (b) in the orifice type of intake sluice, {{{{ { zp}_{1 } { Lh}_{1 }- { { { 3Q}_{1 } { p}_{6 } { h}_{1 } }^{- {5 } over {2 } } } over { { 2m}_{2 }m' SQRT { 2gs} }+[ LEFT { b+z( { d}_{0 }+ { h}_{0 } )RIGHT } { p}_{1 }L+(1+ SQRT { 1+ { z}^{2 } } ) { p}_{2 }L}}}} {{{{+( { 2z}_{0 }+m )(1-s) { L}_{d } { p}_{7 } ]=0}}}} The construction cost of weir cut-off and revetment on outside slope of leeve, and the damages suffered from inundation in upstream area were not included in the process of deriving the above conditional equations, but it is true that magnitude of intake water depth influences somewhat on the cost and damages. Therefore, in applying the above equations the fact that should not be over looked is that the design value of intake water depth to be adopted should not be more largely determined than the value of h1 satisfying the above formulas.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.60 no.2
• /
• pp.45-49
• /
• 2017

Purpose: Serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) is considered as the most appropriate marker of vitamin D status. However, only a few studies have investigated the relationship between 25-OHD and parathyroid hormone (PTH) in children. To this end, this study was aimed at evaluating the lowest 25-OHD level that suppresses the production of parathyroid hormone in children. Methods: A retrospective record review was performed for children aged 0.2 to 18 years (n=193; 106 boys and 87 girls) who underwent simultaneous measurements of serum 25-OHD and PTH levels between January 2010 and June 2014. Results: The inflection point of serum 25-OHD level for maximal suppression of PTH was at 18.0 ng/mL (95% confidence interval, 14.3-21.7 ng/mL). The median PTH level of the children with 25-OHD levels of <18.0 ng/mL was higher than that of children with 25-OHD levels ${\geq}$ 18.0 ng/mL (P<0.0001). The median calcium level of children with 25-OHD levels<18.0 ng/mL was lower than that of children with 25-OHD levels${\geq}18.0ng/mL$ (P=0.0001). The frequency of hyperparathyroidism was higher in the children with 25-OHD levels<18.0 ng/mL than in the children with 25-OHD levels${\geq}18.0ng/mL$ (P<0.0001). Hypocalcemia was more prevalent in the children with 25-OHD levels<18.0 ng/mL than in the children with 25-OHD levels${\geq}18.0ng/mL$ (P<0.0001). Conclusion: These data suggest that a vitamin D level of 18.0 ng/mL could be the criterion for 25-OHD deficiency in children at the inflection point of the maximal suppression of PTH.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
• /
• v.44 no.8
• /
• pp.16-21
• /
• 2007

CMOS variable gain amplifier (VGA) IC designs for the structure monitoring systems of the telemetries were developed. A three stage cascaded VGA using a differential amplifier and a linear-in-dB controller is presented. A proposed VGA is a modified version of a conventional VGA such that the gain is controlled in a linear-in-dB fashion through the current ratio. The proposed VGA circuit introduced in this paper has a dynamic range of 77 dB with 1.5 dB gain steps. It also achieved a gain error of less than 1.5 dB over 77 dB gain range. The VGA can operate up to 10MHz dissipating 13.8 mW from a single 1.8 V supply. The core area of the VGA fabricated in a Magnachip $0.18{\mu}m$ standard CMOS process was about $430{\mu}m{\times}350{\mu}m$. According to measurement results, we can verify that the proposed method is reasonable with regard to the enhancement of dynamic range and the better linear-in-dB characteristics.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.25 no.3 s.50
• /
• pp.333-339
• /
• 1995

The hormonally active vitamin D metabolite, 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin $D_3[1.25-(OH)_2D_3]$ is one of the several humoral factors that may regulate osteoblast differentiation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of $1,25-(OH)_2D_3$ on the PDL cells. Human PDL cells were prepared from the first premolar tooth extracted for the orthodontic treatment and they were incubated in the environment of $37^{\circ}C,\;5\%\;CO_2\;and\;95\%$ humidity. $[{^3}H]$-thymidine incorporation as a measure of proliferation potential and alkaline phosphatase activity were evaluated at 10nM, 100nM $1,25-(OH)_2D_3$. The observed results were as follows. 1. $1,25-(OH)_2D_3$ was significantly enhanced $[{^3}H]$-thymidine incorporation at 100nM, But did not affect by 10nM. 2. $1,25-(OH)_2D_3$ was significantly increased alkaline phosphatase activity at 1 day and 6 days in a dose-dependent manner.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.55 no.2
• /
• pp.135-145
• /
• 2022

This study aims to verify the Drone utilization and the accuracy of the global navigation satellite system (GNSS), Drone RGB (Photogrammetry) (D-RGB), and Drone LiDAR (D-LiDAR) surveying performance in the downstream reaches of the local stream. The results of the measurement of Ground Control Point (GCP) and Check Point (CP) coordinates confirmed the excellence. This study was carried out by comparing GNSS, D-RGB, and D-LiDAR with the values which the hydraulic characteristics calculated using HEC-RAS model. The accuracy of three survey methods was compared in the area of the study which is the ownership station, to 6 GCP and 3 CP were installed. The comparison results showed that the D-LiDAR survey was excellent. The 100-year frequency design flood discharge was applied in the channel sections of the small stream. As a result of D-RGB surveying 2.30 m and D-LiDAR 1.80 m in the average bed elevation, and D-RGB surveying 4.73 m and D-LiDAR 4.25 m in the average flood condition. It is recommended that the performance of D-LiDAR surveying is efficient method and useful as the surveying technique of the geospatial information using the drone equipment in stream channel.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.138-144
• /
• 1990

두개골과 신장에 골스캔재제의 미만성 섭취증가를(Hot Skull, Hot Kidney) 항암제투여를 받은 4례의 암환자와 검상적혈구 빈혈환자에서 발견하여 추적 관찰하였다. Hot Kidney는 항암제 투여후 관찰되어 항암제투여를 중단한 후 소실되었으나, Hot Skull은 항암제 투여와 관계없이 시간이 경과함에 따라 변화가 없거나 점차 진전되었다. 겸상적혈구 빈혈환자 1례에서 두개골, 신장, 비장에 증가된 섭취를 보였고 30개월동안 추적관찰하였으나 섭취정도에 변화가 없었다. 결론적으로 항암제의 투여는 골스캔재제의 신장섭 취를 증가시키나 두개골 섭취에는 영향을 미치지 않은 것으로 관찰되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.11 no.5
• /
• pp.321-328
• /
• 2017

The purpose of the study is to provide basic data for the management of individual exposure and the monitoring of natural radiation dose using D-Shuttle dosimeter (Chiyoda Technol Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). The dose was calculated using D-Shuttle dosimeter. The dose was 1.346 mSv when exposed for 400 days, the annual dose per year was 1.228 mSv/year and the average dose per hour was $0.014{\mu}Sv/hr$. Domestic individual external dose (1.295 mSv/year = Korea average natural individual external dose) and domestic additional dose per year is -0.0663 mSv/year. D-Shuttle is a personal dosimeter for radiation monitoring. It can be used as a very useful dosimeter for ALARA because of its excellent detection capability of radiation, real-time radiation exposure management, alarm function of radiation work, and efficient and easy to use personal radiation dose management.. Radiation monitoring equipment for radiation workers and local residents can be used for radiation monitoring in hospitals, industry, medical sites, nuclear accident areas and hazardous areas in non-destructive areas.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.385-394
• /
• 2011

In this study, optimal parameters of diffusion-analogy GIUH were calculated by separating channel and hillslope from drainage structures in the basin. Parameters of the model were composed of channel and hillslope, each velocity($u_c$, $u_h$) and diffusion coefficient($D_c$, $D_h$). Tanbu subwatershed in Bocheong river basin as a target basin was classified as 4th rivers by Strahler's ordering scheme. The optimization technique was applied to the SCE-UA, the estimated optimal parameters are as follows. $u_c$ : 0.589 m/s, $u_h$ : 0.021 m/s, $D_c$ : $34.469m^2/s$, $D_h$ : $0.1333m^2/s$. As a verification for the estimated parameters, the error of average peak flow was about 11 % and the error of peaktime was 0.3 hr. By examining the variability of parameters, the channel diffusion coefficient didn't have significant effect on hydrological response function. by considering these results, the model is expected to be simplified in the future.

• Journal of IKEEE
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.199-203
• /
• 2024

In this paper, we propose variations in the kernel size of 1D convolutional layers for single-frame supervised temporal action localization. Building upon the existing method, which utilizes two 1D convolutional layers with kernel sizes of 3 and 1, we introduce an approach that adjusts the kernel sizes of each 1D convolutional layer. To validate the efficiency of our proposed approach, we conducted comparative experiments using the THUMOS'14 dataset. Additionally, we use overall video classification accuracy, mAP (mean Average Precision), and Average mAP as performance metrics for evaluation. According to the experimental results, our proposed approach demonstrates higher accuracy in terms of mAP and Average mAP compared to the existing method. The method with variations in kernel size of 7 and 1 further demonstrates an 8.0% improvement in overall video classification accuracy.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.803-812
• /
• 2005

We construct an infinite family of closed 3-manifolds M(2m+ 1, n, k) which are identification spaces of certain polyhedra P(2m+ 1, n, k), for integers $m\;\ge\;1,\;n\;\ge\;3,\;and\;k\;\ge\;2$. We prove that they are (n / d)- fold cyclic coverings of the 3-sphere branched over certain links $L_{(m,d)}$, where d = gcd(n, k), by handle decomposition of orbifolds. This generalizes the results in [3] and [2] as a particular case m = 2.