• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.55-57
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• 2003

Nine (34.6%) of the 26 rockfishes taken from Newport fish market, Oregon in July 2003 had a total of 135 monogenetic trematodes attached the gills. Microcotyle sebastis, Megalocotyle trituba and Trochopus australis were encountered, occurring in rockfishes examined. In the monogenetic trematodes in Sebastes spp, the prevalence were found to be between 30.8 and 40.0%. Prevalence of M. sebastis was 37.5%, 40.0% on M. trituba and 30.8% on T. australis. Nine of Sebastes spp. were infected with one or two species of monogenetic trematodes. Intensities of infection for M. sebastis, M. trituba and T. australis were recorded as 2.0 (2-12), 22.0 (48-62) and 1.0 (1-3), respectively. It may be that the intensities of infection for M. trituba should be high, and M. sebastis and T. australis little low.

• 약학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.421-428
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• 2006

Water extracts, ethanol extracts, and juice of Cusuta japonica, C, australis, and C. chinensis were prepared, and their cytotoxicity, antioxidant activity and inhibitory effects on tyrosinase activitiy and melanin biosynthesis were estimated by using melanoma Clone M-3. From this study; the following conclusions were attained. Extracts of Cuscuta japonica, C. australis, and C. chinensis showed noticeable cytotoxicity except ethanol extracts from the stem of C. australis. A maximual cytotoxicity was observed with tile ethanol extract from the seed of C, australis (87.39%). While the ethanol extract from the seed of C. japonica (91.88%) showed the most pronounced inhibitory effect on melanin biosynthesis, the water extract from the stem of C. japonica (1.05%) possessed very little inhibitory effect. The most inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity was observed with the water extract from the stem of C. australis (76.67%). Howeverr the water extract from the stem of C. japonica showed a very poor effect on the inhibition of tyrosinase activity All the preparations, except extracts from the seed of C. australis were able to remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a dose-dependent manner. The juice of C. japonica demonstrated the strongest activity (59.02%).

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.205-210
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• 2018

To assess the environmental factors determining the zonation between Phacelurus latifolius and Phragmites australis, vegetation survey and soil analysis were performed at a tidal marsh. The vegetation of the tidal marsh was classified into P. latifolius and Suaeda japonica dominated quadrats, P. latifolius and P. australis dominated quadrats, P. australis dominated quadrats, and P. australis and other land plants dominated quadrats. The density of P. latifolius ($83.7{\pm}5.5\;shoots\;m^{-2}$) was higher than that of P. australis ($79.3{\pm}12.1\;shoots\;m^{-2}$) in each dominated quadrat but height of two species were similar. Soil environmental characteristics of P. latifolius dominated quadrats appeared to be affected by tide based on higher soil electric conductivity ($EC_{PL}=1530{\pm}152{\mu}Scm^{-1}$ ; $EC_{PA+PL}=689{\pm}578{\mu}Scm^{-1}$ ; $EC_{PA}=689{\pm}578{\mu}Scm^{-1$) and lower pH ($pH_{PL}=5.96{\pm}0.16$ ; $pH_{PA+PL}=6.28{\pm}0.31$ ; $pH_{PA}=6.38{\pm}0.22$). In redundancy analysis, environmental characteristics of P. latifolius dominated quadrats and P. australis dominated quadrats were clearly separated and those of P. latifolius and P. australis co-dominated quadrats were similar to P. australis dominated quadrats. From our investigation, P. latifolius showed relatively high competitiveness when compared to P. australis in lower tidal zone rather than upper tidal zone. Zonation of P. latifolius and P. australis seems to be a transitional zone between halophytes and land plant species.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.347-356
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• 2013

수생식물의 수처리 기능을 고려한 습지관리에 대한 정보를 제공하기 위하여 시화호 인공습지에서 유입수의 수질특성이 다른 2개의 습지(동화천과 반월천 습지)를 대상으로 갈대와 애기부들의 생장특성, 유기물 생산량과 분해속도를 조사하였으며, 또한 유기물생산량과 분해량을 토대로 습지내로의 유기물 부하량을 추정하였다. 갈대와 애기부들의 길이생장은 기온이 상승하는 3월에 증가하여 7~8월에 최고치(갈대 340cm, 부들 320cm) 를 보였다. 경엽부의 밀도는 갈대가 100~170 개체/$m^2$의 범위로 애기부들의 밀도(최대 78 개체/$m^2$)보다 큰 것으로 나타났다. 갈대의 경엽부 최대 현존량은 $1,350{\sim}1,980gDM/m^2$의 범위로 반월천고습지에서 가장 컸고, 저습지에 비해 고습지에서 큰 것으로 나타났다. 한편 애기부들의 현존량은 $1,940gDM/m^2$로서 반월천고습지 갈대의 최대 현존량과 비슷한 값을 보였다. 갈대의 유기물생산력은 반월천고 습지 $2,050gDM/m^2/yr$ > 동화천저습지 $1,840gDM/m^2/yr$ > 반월천저습지 $1,570gDM/m^2/yr$ ${\fallingdotseq}$ 동화천고습지 $1,540gDM/m^2/yr$의 순으로 나타났으며, 애기부들은 $2,210gDM/m^2/yr$로서 갈대보다 생산력이 높게 나타났다. 시화호 인공습지 갈대와 애기부들의 연간 총 유기물 생산량은 845 ton DM/yr (423 ton C/yr)이었으며, 이중 갈대에 의한 생산량이 90%를 차지했다. 수생식물의 낙엽분해 속도(k)는 갈대와 애기부들 모두 잎이 줄기보다 빠른 것으로 나타났다(갈대: 잎 0.0062/day, 줄기 0.0018/day; 애기부들: 잎0.0031/day, 줄기 0.0018/day). 그리고 줄기 낙엽의 분해속도는 갈대와 애기부들이 같은 반면 잎의 분해속도는 갈대가 애기부들보다 약 2배 빠른 것으로 나타났다. 수생식물의 연간 총 낙엽 분해량(285 ton C/yr, 연간 총 유기물생산량의 67.3%)으로부터, 수생식물의 의해 생산된 유기물의 32.7%는 습지내에 퇴적되는 것으로 추정되었다.

• ALGAE
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.15-48
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• 2006

The genus Martensia (Delesseriaceae, Rhodophyta) is characterized by thalli composed of one to several blades that consist of proximal membranous sections and distal latticework. Nerves or veins are absent in the membranous sections. The life cycle of Martensia is accomplished by isomorphic alternation of generations. The gametophytes of Martensia are dioecious, and the male and female gametangial plants are morphologically similar. The type species of Martensia is M. elegans Hering. In this study, nine species were confirmed to occur in the subtidal regions of Jeju Island, Korea: M. albida sp. nov., M. australis Harvey, M. bibarii Y. Lee, M. elegans Hering, M. flammifolia sp. nov, M. fragilis Harvey, M. jejuensis Y. Lee, M. palmata Y. Lee, and M. projecta Y. Lee. Three of these, M. australis, M. fragilis, and M. elegans, are new records in the flora of Korea. The results of molecular analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1 region in the nrDNA showed that M. elegans is identical to M. australis, and M. fragilis coincides with M. bibarii. It may be a less effective tool for the species discrimination in Martensia.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.96-103
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• 2015

The effects of $CO_2$ concentration, nutrient levels, and irradiance on the growth of germlings and juveniles, and on the photosynthesis of adults were examined in a green tide alga, Ulva australis. We used a factorial experimental design with two $CO_2$ concentrations (380 and 750 ppm), two nutrient levels (control and PES medium), and two irradiance levels (50 and $100{\mu}mol$ photons $m^{-2}s^{-1}$). Germlings grew best ($664.15{\pm}61.45{\mu}m$ in length) under conditions of 750 ppm, PES, and $100{\mu}mol$ photons $m^{-2}s^{-1}$ after 10 days in culture. Relative growth rates (RGR) of the juveniles were greatest (4.41% $day^{-1}$) under conditions of 750 ppm, PES, and $50{\mu}mol$ photons $m^{-2}s^{-1}$ after 5 days in culture. Photosynthetic efficiency ($F_v/F_m$) of the adult discs was $0.73{\pm}0.05$ before the experiment and reached a maximum ($0.83{\pm}0.01$) under conditions of 750 ppm, control, and $50{\mu}mol$ photons $m^{-2}s^{-1}$ after 5 days in culture. Growth (germlings and juveniles) and photosynthesis (adult discs) of Ulva australis increased when $CO_2$ levels were 750 ppm. Additionally, the optimal irradiance for growth and photosynthesis differed among stages, wherein germlings grew best at $100{\mu}mol$ photons $m^{-2}s^{-1}$, juveniles grew best at $50{\mu}mol$ photons $m^{-2}s^{-1}$, and adults photosynthesized most at $50{\mu}mol$ photons $m^{-2}s^{-1}$. The performance of Ulva australis at all examined life stages was enhanced under the PES nutrient treatment. In conclusion, the physiological responses of U. australis to varying $CO_2$, nutrient, and irradiance levels differed slightly among life stages. However, growth and photosynthesis always increased with elevated $CO_2$ and nutrient concentrations. These results indicate that U. australis green tide blooms might occur more frequently in coastal areas if $CO_2$ and nutrient concentrations increase.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.78-87
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• 2021

Background: To understand shade and wind effects on seedling traits of common reed (Phragmites australis), we conducted a mesocosm experiment manipulating day length (10 h daytime a day as open canopy conditions or 6 h daytime a day as partially closed canopy conditions) and wind speed (0 m/s as windless conditions or 4 m/s as windy conditions). Results: Most values of functional traits of leaf blades, culms, and biomass production of P. australis were higher under long day length. In particular, we found sole positive effects of long day length in several functional traits such as internode and leaf blade lengths and the values of above-ground dry weight (DW), rhizome DW, and total DW. Wind-induced effects on functional traits were different depending on functional traits. Wind contributed to relatively low values of chlorophyll contents, angles between leaf blades, mean culm height, and maximum culm height. In contrast, wind contributed to relatively high values of culm density and below-ground DW. Conclusions: Although wind appeared to inhibit the vertical growth of P. australis through physiological and morphological changes in leaf blades, it seemed that P. australis might compensate the inhibited vertical growth with increased horizontal growth such as more numerous culms, indicating a highly adaptive characteristic of P. australis in terms of phenotypic plasticity under windy environments.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.278-285
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• 2016

The discovery of various activities of natural plants has increased interest in halophytes. Suaeda australis and S. maritime are perennial halophytes that belong to the Chenopodiaceae family. Extracts of S. australis and S. maritime plants were investigated for concentration and time-dependent antibacterial and antioxidant activities using bacterial species and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, respectively, as well as total phenolic content. The S. australis extract ($500{\mu}g/mL$) showed activity against all the bacterial species including P. aeruginosa, P. mirabilis, A. baumannii, and VRE with 61.1, 42.3, 44.49, and 40.38%, respectively, inhibition and suppressed of these four species for 12 h. Overall, the S. australis extract showed marked antibacterial activities while, in contrast, the S. maritime extract had excellent antioxidant effects. However, the effects of the two extracts were much lower than that of quercetin. The present study identified antibacterial activities of S. australis, and it would be necessary to perform further phytochemical studies of S. australis.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.13-17
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• 2012

콩밭의 주요잡초인 깨풀의 발생이 콩 생육 및 수량에 미치는 영향을 구명하고 깨풀과의 경합에 따른 수량 감소를 예측할 수 있는 모델식을 도출하며, 잡초 정밀 관리를 위한 깨풀의 경제적 피해 한계밀도를 설정하기 위하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. 깨풀의 밀도가 높아질수록 콩의 신장은 완전방제구와 차이가 없는 반면, 경직경과 분지수는 유의적으로 감소하였으며 협수의 감소와 함께 콩 수량 감소의 요인으로 작용하여 완전방제구 대비 11~51%의 수량 감소를 보였다. 깨풀 밀도와 콩 수량과의 관계는 Y=415.5/(1+0.003356X)로 도출되었고 이 관계식으로부터 예측되는 완전방제 대비 수량 감소율은 $m^2$ 당 깨풀 1~30본 발생시 0.3~9%, 60~120본 발생시 17~29%, 200~250본 발생시는 40~46%이었으며, 깨풀의 방제가 필요한 경제적 피해 한계수준은 6.3본 $m^{-2}$로 설정되었다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.349-357
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 생물반응장치를 이용하여 조직 배양된 라울리아 신초에 대하여 화장품 성분으로써 응용가치를 평가하였다. 조직 배양한 라울리아 신초에 대한 항산화 및 항염 활성 효과를 연구하였다. 라울리아는 뉴질랜드나 호주에서 자생하는 국화과의 야생초본식물이다. 이미 몇몇 보고 된 논문에서 라울리아는 기관지염, 수막염 그리고 호흡기 질병 등을 유발하는 바이러스에 대한 증식 억제 활성이 있다고 보고되었다. 실험 결과 조직배양된 라울리아 신초 추출물은 자연 상태의 라울리아 추출물과 비교하여 항산화 활성 및 항염 활성 효과가 우수하였다. 조직 배양된 라울리아 신초 추출물은 자연에서 자란 라울리아 추출물보다 $50{\mu}L/mL$ 농도에서 10~25% 항산화 활성을 증가시켰다. 또한 조직 배양된 라울리아 신초 추출물은 LPS로 유도된 대식세포에서 iNOS와 COX-2의 단백질 발현이 자연에서 자란 라울리아 추출물보다 억제되었다. 본 연구의 결과들로, 조직배양 한 라울리아 신초 추출물은 피부 보호를 위한 천연 화장품 성분으로써 우수한 가능성을 제공할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.