• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.375-385
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• 1994

The studied area is composed of Precambrian gneiss complex, middle Jurassic biotite granite, late Cretaceour sediments, volcanics and pink feldspar granite. Characteristic minerals of the biotite granite is plagioclase and hornblende whereas the pink feldspar granite is pink feldspar (perthite) and quartz. Plagioclase compositions of the biotite granite and the pink feldspar granite are oligoclase to calcic andesine ($An_{18-44}$) and sodic albite ($An_{0.5-5.0}$), respectively. In the variation diagrams of the Harker and normative Q-Or-Pl diagram, the biotite granite belongs to the category from granodiorite to granite, the pink feldspar granite from nomal to late granite. The values of D.I. L.I. and alkalinity of the pink feldspar granite are higher than those of the biotite granite. While CaO is enriched in the biotite granite, $K_2O$ is enriched in the pink feldspar granite. The ratio of $K_2O/Na_2O$ which indicates the relative ratio of alkali is 1.06 in the pink feldspar granite, and 0.86 in the biotite granite. In A-M-F and N-C-K diagrams both these granites are plotted in peraluminus granite ($Al_2O_3$>$Na_2O+K_2O+CaO$) region, assigned to calc alkaline series and alkaline series respectively. Put into the form of A-C-F diagram, the biotite granite falls under I-type, and the pink feldspar granite S-type. On the base of whole rock ratios of $Fe^{+3}/Fe^{+2}+Fe^{+3}$ and $^{87}Sr/^{86}Sr$ for the granites in studied area, the biotite granite indicates ilmenite series (0.26) and S-type and/or contaminated I-type ($0.72020{\pm}0.00050$), the pink feldspar granite magnetite series (0.44) and I-type ($0.70826{\pm}0.00020$).

• Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.3211-3225
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting job satisfaction of PACU (post-anesthesia care unit) nurses in the context of job stress, organizational culture and professional identity. A total of 149 nurses participated in the cross-sectional, descriptive study suing a structured questionnaire. Job stress in pay and treatment category, innovation-oriented culture, relation-oriented culture, and professional identity were positively correlated with job satisfaction (r=.373, p<.001; r=.507, p<.001; r=.559, p<.001; r=.544, p<.001). The factors related to job satisfaction were professional identity (${\beta}=.391$, p<.001), relation oriented culture (${\beta}=.302$, p<.001), innovation oriented culture (${\beta}=.209$, p=.004), which accounted for 48.7% of the variance in job satisfaction. Professional identity was the most significant predictor of job satisfaction. Thus, in order to enhance the job satisfaction of nurses in the PACU, it is necessary to develop an education program that can improve professional identity and apply strategies for fostering relation and innovation oriented organization culture.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.275-285
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• 2020

Background: In Korea, Symplocos prunifolia Siebold. & Zucc. is only found on Jeju Island. Conservation of the species is difficult because little is known about its distribution and natural habitat. The lack of research and survey data on the characteristics of native vegetation and distribution of this species means that there is insufficient information to guide the management and conservation of this species and related vegetation. Therefore, this study aims to identify the distribution and vegetation associated with S. prunifolia. Results: As a result of field investigations, it was confirmed that the native S. prunifolia communities were distributed in 4 areas located on the southern side of Mt. Halla and within the evergreen broad-leaved forest zones. Furthermore, these evergreen broad-leaved forest zones are themselves located in the warm temperate zone which are distributed along the valley sides at elevations between 318 and 461 m. S. prunifolia was only found on the south side of Mt. Halla, and mainly on south-facing slopes; however, small communities were found to be growing on northwest-facing slopes. It has been confirmed that S. prunifolia trees are rare but an important constituent species in the evergreen broad-leaved forest of Jeju. The mean importance percentage of S. prunifolia community was 48.84 for Castanopsis sieboldii, 17.79 for Quercus acuta, and 12.12 for Pinus thunbergii; S. prunifolia was the ninth most important species (2.6). Conclusions: S. prunifolia can be found growing along the natural streams of Jeju, where there is little anthropogenic influence and where the streams have caused soil disturbance through natural processes of erosion and deposition of sediments. Currently, the native area of S. prunifolia is about 3300 ㎡, which contains a confirmed population of 180 individual plants. As a result of these low population sizes, it places it in the category of an extremely endangered plant in Korea. In some native sites, the canopy of evergreen broad-leaved forest formed, but the frequency and coverage of species were not high. Negative factors that contributed to the low distribution of this species were factors such as lacking in shade tolerance, low fruiting rates, small native areas, and special habitats as well as requiring adequate stream disturbance. Presently, due to changes in climate, it is unclear whether this species will see an increase in its population and habitat area or whether it will remain as an endangered species within Korea. What is clear, however, is that the preservation of the present native habitats and population is extremely important if the population is to be maintained and expanded. It is also meaningful in terms of the stable conservation of biodiversity in Korea. Therefore, based on the results of this study, it is judged that a systematic evaluation for the preservation and conservation of the habitat and vegetation management method of S. prunifolia should be conducted.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.110 no.1
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• pp.64-71
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• 2021

Recently, climate change has gradually accelerated the occurrence of landslides. Among the various effects caused by landslides,debris flow is recognized as particularly threatening because of its high speed and propagating distance. In this study, the impacts of various factors were analyzed using quantification theory(I) for the prediction of debris flow hazard soil volume in Seoraksan National Park, Korea. According to the range using the stepwise regression analysis, the order of impact factors was as follows: vertical slope (0.9676), cross slope (0.6876), altitude (0.2356), slope gradient (0.1590), and aspect (0.1364). The extent of the normalized score using the five-factor categories was 0 to 2.1864, with the median score being 1.0932. The prediction criteria for debris flow occurrence based on the normalized score were divided into four grades: class I, >1.6399; class II, 1.0932-1.6398; class III, 0.5466-1.0931; and class IV, <0.5465. Predictions of debris flow occurrence appeared to be relatively accurate (86.3%) for classes I and II. Therefore, the prediction criteria for debris flow will be useful for judging the dangerousness of slopes.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.75-85
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• 2021

Objectives: This study reported about a patient with a right middle cerebral artery infarction whose gait disturbance was improved by Korean medicine treatment. Methods: The patient was treated with a Korean herbal medicine (Gami-yukmijihwang-tang) along with acupuncture, electroacupuncture, moxibustion, cupping, and physical therapy. The treatment effect was evaluated with the manual muscle test (MMT) and the Korean version of the modified Barthel index (K-MBI). The gait of the patient was evaluated by a 10-m walk test (10MWT), the timed up and go (TUG) test, the functional ambulation profile (FAP) score, and the functional ambulatory category (FAC) score. Spatiotemporal parameters were evaluated using a walkway system (GAITRite®, CIR Systems, Inc., USA). Results: After 83 days of traditional Korean medicine treatment, the K-MBI and FAC scores improved from 50 to 70 and from 1 to 4, respectively. The 10MWT and TUG tests also improved from 24.86 to 16.66 sec and from 22.35 to 17.62 sec, respectively. GAITRite® measurements reflected gait improvements: the FAP score improved from 55 to 86 sec; the step time improved from 0.72 to 0.669 sec; the step length improved from 31.076 cm to 41.284 cm; the gait velocity improved from 42.8 cm/sec to 64.1 cm/sec; the cadence improved from 93.6 steps/min to 90.8 steps/min. No adverse effects resulting from treatment or evaluation occurred during the admission period. Conclusions: This study suggests that traditional Korean medicine treatment may reduce symptoms and improve the quality of life in patients with cerebral infarction.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.501-509
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• 2022

Background Acute facial nerve iatrogenic or traumatic injury warrants rapid management with the goal of reestablishing nerve continuity within 72 hours. However, reconstructive efforts should be performed up to 12 months from the time of injury since facial musculature may still be viable and thus facial tone and function may be salvaged. Methods Data of all patients who underwent facial nerve repair following iatrogenic or traumatic injury were retrospectively collected and assessed. Paralysis etiology, demographics, operative data, postoperative course, and outcome were examined. Results Twenty patients underwent facial nerve repair during the years 2004 to 2019. Data were available for 16 of them. Iatrogenic injury was the common category (n = 13, 81%) with parotidectomy due to primary parotid gland malignancy being the common surgery (n = 7, 44%). Nerve repair was most commonly performed during the first 72 hours of injury (n = 12, 75%) and most of the patients underwent nerve graft repair (n = 15, 94%). Outcome was available for 12 patients, all of which remained with some degree of facial paresis. Six patients suffered from complete facial paralysis (50%) and three underwent secondary facial reanimation (25%). There were no major operative or postoperative complications. Conclusion Iatrogenic and traumatic facial nerve injuries are common etiologies of acquired facial paralysis. In such cases, immediate repair should be performed. For patients presenting with facial paralysis following previous surgery or trauma, nerve repair should be considered up to at least 6 months of injury. Longstanding paralysis is best treated with standard facial reanimation procedures.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.57-64
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• 2022

This scientific article is devoted to the study of the legal significance of such a category of legal status of the purchaser of another's thing, as its good faith. The essence of this phenomenon has been studied, it has been established that the criterion of good faith attaches significant importance to the claims of the participants of these relations for the acquisition or preservation of private property rights. The paper emphasizes that, in addition to the importance of good conscience at the time of possession of another's thing, which gives legal certainty the possibility of registration of the title and is part of the actual composition for the acquisition of property or the right of ancient possession, bona fides also characterizes the behavior of the occupier. In this case, good conscience only has some legal consequences when it is opposed to subjective law. Under such conditions, it acquires direct legal significance, including as a condition for the acquisition and protection of rights. Good faith possession of another's property is an internal indicator of the subject's awareness of a certain property status. This sense, the article assesses this status from the standpoint of the scientific concept of the visibility of law. According to this theory, prescription is also considered as a consequence of the appearance of law, however, because it arises and lasts against the will of the parties and despite their awareness of this fact. Therefore, bona fide continuous and open possession of property as one's own, during the acquisition period, was most significantly associated with the appearance of property. Therefore, the concept of good faith, in the sense of personal perception of real values, is closely related to the principle of protection of the appearance of law, as it is aimed at understanding it by third parties. The paper notes certain differences in the application of the theory of the appearance of the right in the acquisition of property by a bona fide purchaser from an unauthorized alienator and the acquisitive prescription. It is emphasized that such a mechanism must be used in presuming the attitude to the thing as its own, by the holder of movable property. But there should be exceptions to the rule, in particular, if the owner has grounds for vindication of the thing.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.127-146
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• 2023

Recently, digital advertising has shifted towards delivering messages through short ads of less than 15 seconds, and on social media, ads need to convey the message within 5 seconds before consumers skip them. Although the length of advertisements has decreased, advancements in artificial intelligence algorithms and big data analysis have made it possible to deliver personalized messages that cater to consumers' interests. In this changing landscape, the importance of delivering tailored messages through short and efficient ads is increasing. In this study, we examined the effects of message framing as part of effective message delivery. Specifically, we examined the differences in the effects of two framings, "health" and "environment," for vegan products. The growing consumer interest in health and the environment has elevated the interest in vegan products, and the vegan market is expanding rapidly. Consumers purchase vegan products not only for personal health benefits but also due to their ethical responsibility towards the environment, which can be considered ethical consumption. Previous research has not shown the differences in the effects between health and environment message framings, and the research has been limited to vegan food products. This study investigates the differences in the effects of health and environment message framings using a dish soap product category. By identifying which advertising messages, either health or environment, are more effective in promoting vegan products, this study provides insights for companies to enhance their message framing strategies effectively.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.214-227
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• 2013

Computed tomographic scan as a screening procedures in asymptomatic individuals has seen a steady increase with the introduction of multiple-raw detector CT scanners. This report provides a brief review of the current controversy surrounding CT cancer screening, with a focus on the radiation induced cancer risks and clinical efficacy. 1. A large study of patients at high risk of lung cancer(the National Lung Screening Trial[NLST]) showed that CT screening reduced cancer deaths by 20%(1.33% in those screened compared with 1.67% in those not screened). The rate of positive screening tests was 24.2% and 96.4% of the positive screening results in the low-dose CT group were false-positive. Radiation induced lung cancer risk was estimated the most important in screening population because ERR of radiation induced lung cancer does not show the decrease with increasing age and synergistic connection between smoking and radiation risk. Therefore, the radiation risk may be on the same order of magnitude as the benefit observed in the NLST. Optimal screening strategy remain uncertain, CT lung cancer screening is not yet ready for implementation. 2. Computed tomographic colonography is as good as colonoscopy for detecting colon cancer and is almost as good as colonoscopy for detecting advanced adenomas, but significantly less sensitive and specific for smaller lesions and disadvantageous for subsequent therapeutic optical colonoscopy if polyps are detected. The average effective dose from CT colonography was estimated 8-10 $mS{\nu}$, which could be a significant dose if administered routinely within the population over many years. CT colonography should a) achieve at least 90% sensitivity and specificity in the size category from 6 and 10 mm, b) offer non-cathartic bowl preparation and c) be optimized and standardized CT parameters if it is to be used for mass screening. 3. There is little evidence that demonstrates, for whole-body scanning, the benefit outweighs the detriment. This test found large portion of patient(86~90.8%) had at least one abnormal finding, whereas only 2% were estimated to have clinically significant disease. Annual scans from ages 45 to 75 years would accrue an estimated lifetime cancer mortality risk of 1.9%. There is no group within the medical community that recommends whole-body CT. No good studies indicate the accuracy of screening CT, at this time. The benefit/risk balance for any of the commonly suggested CT screening techniques has yet to be established. These areas need further research. Therefore wild screening should be avoided.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.83-94
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• 2014

Before economical crisis in 1997, domestic company focused on increasing the size of outward experience which including organization. The result of increasing outward experience without substance was economical crisis, so after that time, many companies have been changing their focus from insourcing to strengthen the core competence to secure global market. This is becoming a cause of following that companies are reducing their outward experience. Especially, to process tasks more effectively and to cope with rapid change of business environment, such as incoming raw material from overseas/high raising of salary/rising property prices, many companies decided outsourcing method. At most of hypothesis, the result was that outsourcing can affect positively to the business. First, introducing of outsourcing during focusing on core competence can be positive effect for company performance such as business management /productivity /procurement /administration /product competitiveness /technology. Second, the result that analyzed based on a point of view of population statics after outsourcing was positive effect at the most of research. Third, result of effectiveness for every outsourcing type classified by 4M was also can be positive at the most of research. Fourth, the characteristic of population statics can be positive effect at the most of category when select outsourcing companies. Research result of outsourcing was various based on the goal of outsourcing. It is revealed by investigation of domestic/overseas treatise that there are opposite two opinions. In this research, there is no consistent result that the outsourcing can give effects on business performance, but most of hypothesis indicates that outsourcing can give positive effect on the business performance.In this research, based on the outsourcing intensity, mutual relation was analyzed. The assumption of the reason of outsourcing is economical and organizational. First, sampling numbers of research was too small so it is too difficult to get significant business performance result. (Sampling : 150, Replied : 106, Rate of Reply : 71%) Second, tried to compare significant differences of outsourcing methods which were divided based on 4M, but the there is gaps between the number of Cell and too difficult to make replier understand. Third, it is tried to find the degrees of effect that the point of view of popular statics can effect on business performances and selection of outsourced companies.