• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.3409-3416
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• 2012

Aim: It is well known that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as benzo (a) pyrene have carcinogenic properties and may cause many types of cancers in human populations. Genetic susceptibility might be due to variation in genes encoding for carcinogen metabolizing enzymes, such as cytochrome P-450 (CYP450). Our study aimed to investigate the effect of genetic polymorphisms of CYP1A1 (m1 and m2) on genetic damage in 115 coal-tar workers exposed to PAHs at their work place. Methods: Genetic polymorphisms of CYP1A1 were determined by the PCR-RFLP method. Comet and buccal micronucleus assays were used to evaluate genetic damage among 115 coal tar workers and 105 control subjects. Results: Both CYP1A1 m1 and CYP1A1 m2 heterozygous and homozygous (wt/mt+mt/mt) variants individually as well as synergistically showed significant association (P<0.05) with genetic damage as measured by tail moment (TM) and buccal micronuclei (BMN) frequencies in control and exposed subjects. Conclusion: In our study we found significant association of CYP1A1 m1 and m2 heterozygous (wt/mt)+homozygous (mt/mt) variants with genetic damage suggesting that these polymorphisms may modulate the effects of PAH exposure in occupational settings.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.159-177
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• 2008

Objectives : Crohn's disease is a severe chronic inflammation that is treated mainly by immunosuppression, which often has serious side effects. There is need to develop new therapeutic methods or drugs that have few side effects in order to treat this disease. Acupuncture with Moxi-tar at Cheonchu (ST25) has anti-inflammatory properties, but the mechanism of its anti-inflammatory actions is unclear. We investigated the protective effects and speculated the mechanisms of acupuncture with Moxi-tar at ST25 on trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) induced colitis in mice which is a well known Crohn's disease animal model. Methods : 5 % TNBS was treated at day 1 and day 7 into rectum of mice. To investigate therapeutic effects of acupuncture with Moxi-tar at ST25, acupuncture was carried out on day 3, and day 6. For the data analysis, we observed macroscopic and microscopic findings of the colon. Weight and width of the colon, degree of damage, changes of body weight, and myeloperoxygenase (MPO) activity were checked. For analysing protein expression, we carried out immunohistochemical staining and Western blot. For analysing mRNA expression, RT-PCR was carried out. Results : TNBS induced damages on the colon of mice, while acupuncture of Moxi-tar at ST25 suppressed TNBS mediated damages similar to those on the colons of mice in the control (not treated with TNBS) group. The average body weight of TNBS treated mice (77.4%) was decreased compared with that of the control mice (105%), and acupuncture with Moxi-tar at ST25 suppressed the loss of body weight caused by TNBS (from 77.4% to 95.3%). TNBS induced infiltration of immune cells in all layers of the colon while acupuncture with Moxi-tar at ST25 suppressed infiltration of immune cells caused by TNBS. Furthermore, acupunctured with Moxi-tar at ST25 suppressed macro-, micro- colonic damages caused by TNBS. Acupunctured with Moxi-tar at ST25 dramatically improved the clinical and histopathological symptoms such as the increase in weight of the distal colon and the MPO activity in TNBS-induced colitis. Acupuncture with Moxi-tar at ST25 down-regulated the nuclear transcription factor kappa B ($NF-{\kappa}B$) activity and suppressed tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-${\alpha}$), interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-1${\beta}$), and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expressions caused by TNBS. Conclusions : Acupuncture with Moxi-tar at ST25 helps recovery from the TNBS-induced colonic damage by down-regulation of $NF-{\kappa}B$ activity and suppressing of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-1${\beta}$, and ICAM-1 expressions. This may be an important method for the treatment of Crohn's disease.

• 한국전통의학지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.113-127
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• 2006

Objectives: This study was produced to examine the effects of moxibustion that had been played important role to traditional oriental medical treatment on disease. Recently, it was reported that moxi-tar which is generated in the process of moxibustion as burning combustibles decreased nitric oxide(NO) and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) generation in cellular experiments. Methods: Carrageenan-induced arthritis rat model was used to test the effect of moxi-tar as a chronic pain model. Diluted moxi-tar was single injected in several acupoints or combined with electroacupuncture (l ms, 2 Hz, and 2 mA) into contralateral ST36 acupoint for 30 min to assess the synergic effects. After the treatment, behavioral tests measuring stepping force were periodically conducted during the next 12 hours. Endogenous NO and iNOS, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and c-Fos protein expression in the spinal cord were examined on a rat model of carrageenan-induced arthritis. Results : After the induction of arthritis, rats subsequently showed a reduced stepping force of the affected limb for at least the next 4 days. The reduced stepping force of the limb was presumably due to a painful knee, since oral injection of indomethacin produced temporary improvement of weight bearing. Maxi-tar produced significant improvement of stepping force of the hindlimb affected by the arthritis lasting at least 9 hours. The magnitude of this improvement was equivalent to that obtained after an oral injection of 3 mg/kg of indomethacin and this improvement of stepping force was interpreted as an analgesic effect. Maxi-tar produced the improvement of stepping force of the affected hindlimb in a dose-dependent manner. Both NO production and iNOS, COX-2 protein expression increased by arthritis were suppressed by maxi-tar. Moxi-tar on combination with electroacupuncture (EA) produced more powerful and longer lasting improvement of stepping force of the hindlimb affected by the arthritis than either moxi-tar or EA did. Conclusion : The present study suggest that maxi-tar produces a potent analgesic effect on the chronic knee arthritis pain model in the rat and that moxi-tar-induced analgesia modulate endogenous NO through the suppression of iNOS/COX-2 protein expression.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.197-201
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• 2017

A novel method for the detection of hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solution was developed via reaction between $H_2O_2$, trivalent titanium ion ($Ti^{3+}$) and 4-(2-thiazolylazo) resorcinol (TAR), resulting in a ternary complex with a maximum UV absorbance at 530 nm. The CE detection of $H_2O_2$ was fast, sensitive and cost-effective without pretreatment procedures. $H_2O_2$ was detected within 15 min at 1 to $100{\mu}M$ range with the lowest detection limit at $1.0{\mu}M$. Under the optimized CE conditions, the concentration of $H_2O_2$ in coffee or tea extract was quantitatively determined. Our results show that CE detection of the ternary complex of $H_2O_2-Ti^{3+}$-TAR has potential applications for the detection of $H_2O_2$ in aqueous sources.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 1987

식품의 상품화에 따라 식품 첨가물의 사용이 증가되고 있다. 식품 첨가물로서 색소는 고유의 색소를 보존하기 어려운 식품에 따라 사용되며 tar 색소, 식물성 색소 및 광물성 색소로 나눌 수 있는데 tar 색소는 독성이 강한 것이 많으므로 현재 15종만이 법적으로 허용되어 있다. 이중 azo 화합물인 amaranth, tartrazine, sunset yellow, allura red에 대하여 흰 주위 hepatic azo reductase의 활성을 측정 비교하였고 이에 대한 flavin의 효과를 보았다. 1. Amaranth를 기질로 사용하여 kinetic constants $Km=645\;\mu\textrm{M}$, Vmax=50 n mol/min/mg protein의 값을 얻었다. 2. Amaranth의 농도를 일정하게 하고 FAD의 농도를 증가시켰을 때 hepatic azo reductase의 활성은 현저히 증가하였으나 NADPH-generating system에 의한 환원은 작은 증가를 나타냈다. 3. 기타 식용 azo 색소 tartrazine, sunset yellow, allura red를 기지로 azo reductase activity를 측정한 결과 sunset yellow는 amaranth와 비슷한 환원활성은 나타냈고, tartrazine은 보다 낮은 환원활성을 allura red는 보다 높은 환원활성을 나타냈으며, $300\;\mu\textrm{M}-FAD$에 의해 기질 모두에서 환원활성이 증가함을 알 수 있었다.

• Carbon letters
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.22-26
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• 2000

Raman spectroscopy has been used to investigate the structure of coal tar pitch heat-treated up to $3000^{\circ}C$ by using 514.5 run Ar ion laser line. Four critical temperature ranges were found on pyrolyzing coal tar pitch, which correspond to four distinct processes from disordered carbons to the well-ordered graphite structure. The range of heat treat temperature (HTT) below $1000^{\circ}C$ corresponds to gas evolution during the pyrolysis of coal tar pitch. Above the HTT are correlated to rearrangements of enlarged molecules, growth of the molecules along the direction of plane, finally stacking in the normal direction of the plane, in the respective HTT ranges of 1000-2000, above 2000 and $2500-3000^{\circ}C$.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제37권11호
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• pp.636-641
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• 2015

폐기물을 고체재생연료(SRF: Solid Refuse Fuel) 에너지로 전환하는 것은 화석에너지의 대체효과는 물론 온실가스 저감에도 기여한다. 그러나 플라스틱이 많이 함유한 SRF의 직접연소의 경우 검뎅(soot), 다이옥신 등의 생성문제가 있으므로 열분해/가스화 처리의 적용이 효과적이다. 본 연구에서는 플라스틱이 다량 함유된 SRF를 열분해 가스화의 특성을 파악하여 새로운 형태의 열분해 가스화 처리장치 개발을 위한 열적 기본자료을 제공하고자 한다. 이를 위해 새로이 벤치규모의 장치를 설계 제작하여, 설정된 일정 온도에서 공기비 변화에 대한 가스, 타르, 촤 생성특성에 대해 규명하였다. SRF 샘플 2 g, 가스화 공기비 0.691, 홀딩시간(Holding time) 32분일 때, 생성가스는 $H_2$ 1.36%, $CH_4$ 2.18%, CO 1.88%, $Cl_2$ 15.9 ppm, HCl 26.4 ppm로 생성되었으며, 중량타르(Gravimetric tar) $18g/Nm^3$와 경질타르는 Benzene $4.03g/m^3$, Naphthalene $0.39g/m^3$, Anthracene $0.11g/m^3$, Pyrene $0.06g/m^3$ 그리고 촤는 0.29 g 생성되었다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.217-230
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• 2007

Objectives : Ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease has been recognized as Ha-ri (下痢) or Jang-Byok in Korean oriental medicine. A purpose of the present study is to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of moxi-tar herbal acupuncture at LI4 (HapGok) on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS) induced colitis in rats and further elucidate the possibility of herbal acupuncture on ulcerative colitis which is chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. Methods : Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing $170{\sim}190$ g, were subjected to intrarectal injection of either saline (300 ${\mu}l$, 500 ${\mu}l$) for a control or 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS) (300 ${\mu}l$, 500 ${\mu}l$) for a colitis, Moxi-tar (20 mg/ml) were subcutaneously injected to the LI4 just after the secondary injection time of TNBS in rats. To study the effects of Moxi-tar acupuncture in LI4, body weight, RBC count, WBC count, total protein, Paw edema rate, rate of protein leakage into CMC-pouch fluid, IgG levels and IgM levels were observed. Results: Moxi-tar acupuncture in LI4 on TNBS-induced colitis inhibited the body weight lose rate but not effect RBC, WBC count. In addition, it inhibited the reduction of total protein concentration, paw edema, rate of protein leakage into CMC-pouch fluid, IgG levels and IgM levels. Conclusions : It is suggested that moxi-tar herbal acupuncture at LI4 helps to recover TNBS-induced colitis and plays an important role for an treatment of the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제24권12호
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• pp.1781-1784
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• 2003

Determination of Co(II) ion as a 4-(2-thiazolylazo)resorcinol(TAR) or 5-methyl-4-(2-thiazolylazo)resorcinol(5MTAR) chelate was accomplished by reversed-phase capillary high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-Capillary-HPLC) using a Vydac $C_4$ column and MeCN-water mixture as mobile phase. The effect of change in pH and MeCN percentage of the mobile phase on the retention factor, k and peak intensity were evaluated. It was found that 30% MeCN (v/v) of pH 5.60 or 7.20 was adequate as mobile phase when TAR or 5MTAR is used. Detection limit (D.L., S/N=3) in each case was $2.0\;{\times}\;10^{-7}$M (11.8 ppb) and $3.0\;{\times}\;10^{-7}$ M (17.7 ppb). The Co(II) ion in mineral and waste water was determined with the optimum column and mobile phase.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.413-421
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• 2001

결합제인 coal tar pitch와 petroleum cokes를 주원료로 결합제 함량을 변화시켜 불소 전해용 탄소 전극을 제조한 후 결합제 함량의 변화가 전극특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 탄소 전극의 특성 조사는 1mM의 $[Fe$(CN)_6$]^{3-}$/$[Fe$(CN)_6$]^{4-}$가 첨가된 0.5M $K_2SO_4$용액에서의 cyclic voltammogram 거동, 기계적 강도, 그리고 $KF{\cdot}2HF$ 용액에서의 전기화학적 거동을 통하여 평가되었으며 이 결과 40 wt%의 결합제가 첨가된 경우 제일 양호한 전기특성을 나타내었다. 이러한 양호한 전극특성은 탄소전극 표면에 생성된 기공이 적절하게 분포하여 실질적으로 전극의 비표면적을 향상시켰기 때문이다.