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Theoretical Study on the Hydrogen-Bonding Effect of H2On-H2Om (n=1-4, m=1-4) Dimers (H2On-H2Om (n=1-4, m=1-4) 이중합체의 수소결합에 따른 구조적 특성 및 결합에너지에 관한 이론 연구)

  • Song, Hui-Seong;Seo, Hyun-Il;Shin, Chang-Ho;Kim, Seung-Joon
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.59 no.2
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    • pp.117-124
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    • 2015
  • The DFT and ab initio calculations have been performed to elucidate hydrogen interaction of hydrogen polyoxide dimers, $H_2O_n-H_2O_m$ (n=1-4, m=1-4). The optimized geometries, harmonic vibrational frequencies, and binding energies are predicted at various levels of theory. The harmonic vibrational frequencies of the molecules considered in this study show all real numbers implying true minima. The higher-order correlation effect were discussed to compare MP2 result with CCSD(T) single point energy. The binding energies were corrected for the zero-point vibrational energy (ZPVE) and basis set superposition errors (BSSE). The largest binding energy predicted at the CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ level of theory is 8.18 kcal/mol for $H_2O_4-H_2O_3$ and the binding energy of water dimer is predicted to be 3.00 kcal/mol.

Removal of Mixed Gases of H2S and NH3 by the Biofilter Packed with Biomedia (Biomedia를 충전한 Biofilter에서 H2S와 NH3 혼합악취의 제거)

  • Lim, Joung Soo;Cho, Wook Sang;Lee, Eun Young
    • Clean Technology
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    • v.12 no.3
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    • pp.165-170
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    • 2006
  • When ammonia ($NH_3$) and hydrogen sulfide ($H_2S$) in binary mixture gases were supplied to a biofilter packed with biomedia made of polyurethane, PVA, and worm cast. No odor gases were detected on the outlet of the biofilter when $NH_3$ and $H_2S$ were separately supplied to the biofilter at space velocity(SV) of $50h^{-1}$ until inlet $NH_3$ concentration was increased up to 300 ppmv and inlet $H_2S$ to 428 ppmv. While, inlet $NH_3$ concentration maintained at 50 ppmv, inlet $H_2S$ concentration increased from 1 to 489 ppmv, and the removal efficiency of each gas was investigated. After that, $NH_3$ concentration increased step by step such as 80, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 ppmv. $H_2S$ concentration increased gradually when $NH_3$ concentration was set up at each condition. Under each condition, removal efficiency of $NH_3$ and $H_2S$ gas was investigated by analysing the gases sampled from the inlet and outlet of the biofilter. When binary gases were supplied to the biofilter and inlet $NH_3$ concentration was increased from 50 to 300 ppmv, elimination capacity of $NH_3$ increase linearly as inlet loading increased to $11.14g\;N{\cdot}m^{-3}{\cdot}h^{-1}$. However, as inlet $NH_3$ concentration increased over 300 ppmv, both removal efficiency and elimination capacity decreased while inlet loading increased. $H_2S$ removal efficiency was not affected seriously by the simultaneous supply of $NH_3$ when maximum inlet loading of $H_2S$ was under $40.27S{\cdot}m^{-3}{\cdot}h^{-1}$ and maximum inlet loading of $NH_3$ was under $15.25N{\cdot}m^{-3}{\cdot}h^{-1}$.

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Effects of Substrate EC and Water Content on the Incidence of Brown Fruit Stem and Blossom End Rot in Glasshouse Sweet Pepper (배지내 EC와 함수율이 착색단고추의 과병무름증과 배꼽썩음과 발생에 미치는 영향)

  • Yu Geun;Choi Dong-Geun;Bae Jong-Hyang;Guak Sung-Hee
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.167-172
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    • 2006
  • The objective of this study was to determine the effects of substrate water content and electrical conductivity (EC) on the incidence of brown fruit stem and blossom end rot in glasshouse sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum cv. Special). Three levels of water content and EC had been treated since the first fruit reached 3cm in diameter: that is, 49 (low), 65 (medium), and 86% (high) for water content, and 2.4 (low), 4.2 (medium) and $6.3dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$(high) for EC. Shoot growth was reduced with decreasing water content, and it was lower in both high and low EC treatments than medium EC treatment. Fruit weight at harvest was greater in both medium and hish water content treatments than low water content treatment (158g vs 146g). High EC reduced fruit weight compared to or low EC treatments. The incidence of brown fruit stem increased with increasing water content and with decreasing EC. The highest incidence was shown in the high water content/low EC treatment (38%), which was considerably higher than 2.4% of the low water content/high EC treatment. Blossom end rot occurred in general in the low water content and/or high EC conditions. These results indicated that substrate water content and EC should be controlled differently according to the growth stage, to reduce the incidence of blossom end rot and brown fruit stem in glasshouse sweet pepper. First, to reduce blossom end rot incidence, water content should be maintained high (86%) and EC low ($2.4dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$) until Sweets after fruit set. Secondly, to reduce brown fruit stem incidence, water content should be maintained low (49%) and EC high ($6.3dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$), especially after completion of fruit growth.

Free vibrations of anisotropic rectangular plates with holes and attached masses

  • Rossit, C.A.;Ciancio, P.M.
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • v.28 no.1
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    • pp.53-67
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    • 2008
  • Anisotropic materials are increasingly required in modern technological applications. Certainly, civil, mechanical and naval engineers frequently deal with the situation of analyzing the dynamical behaviour of structural elements being composed of such materials. For example, panels of anisotropic materials must sometimes support electromechanical engines, and besides, holes are performed in them for operational reasons e.g., conduits, ducts or electrical connections. This study is concerned with the natural frequencies and normal modes of vibration of rectangular anisotropic plates supported by different combinations of the classical boundary conditions: clamped, simply - supported and free, and with additional complexities such holes of free boundaries and attached concentrated masses. A variational approach (the well known Ritz method) is used, where the displacement amplitude is approximated by a set of beam functions in each coordinate direction corresponding to the sides of the rectangular plate. Consequently each coordinate function satisfies the essential boundary conditions at the outer edge of the plate. The influence of the position and magnitude of both hole and mass, on the natural frequencies and modal shapes of vibration are studied for a generic anisotropic material. The classical Ritz method with beam functions as spatial approximation proved to be a suitable procedure to solve a problem of such analytical complexity.

Air Quality and PM10 Source Analysis on the Railway Vehicles (철도차량에서의 공기질 현황 및 PM10 오염원 분석)

  • Park, Duck-Shin;Kim, Dong-Sool;Cho, Young-Min;Kwon, Soon-Bark;Park, Eun-Young
    • Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.311-321
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    • 2007
  • Nowadays, concerns have much more growing regarding indoor air quality (IAQ) on the public transportation including railway vehicles. Last year Korea Ministry of Environment (ME) set new guideline for public transportation. In this study several factors were analyzed which may affect comfortableness of railway passenger cabin, and we monitored IAQ parameters (PM10, CO, $CO_2$, VOCs, temperature and humidity) to investigate the present pollution in passenger cabin. In general, the railway air quality was satisfactory. The PM10 and $CO_2$ level on all passenger cabin were below the new guideline level 1 for PM10 $(200{\mu}g/m^3)\;and\;CO_2(2,000ppm)$. Clustering method was carried out to classify the air polluting pattern of the cabin. As a result, the pollutants could be classified to 4 clusters and the origin of pollution is soil, diesel exhaust gas, abrasion of rail and plume.

Neuro-Fuzzy Controller Design for Level Controls

  • Intajag, S.;Tipsuwanporn, V.;Koetsam-ang, N.;Witheephanich, K.
    • 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2004.08a
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    • pp.546-551
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    • 2004
  • In this paper, a level controller is designed with the neuro-fuzzy model based on Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy system. The fuzzy system is employed as the controller, which can be tuned by the neural network mechanism based on a gradient descent technique. The tuning mechanism will provide an optimal process input by forcing the process error to zero. The proposed controller provides the online tunable mode to adjust the consequent membership function parameters. The controller is implemented with M-file and graphic user interface (GUI) of Matlab program. The program uses MPIBM3 interface card to connect with the industrial processes In the experimentation, the proposed method is tested to vary of the process parameters, set points and load disturbance. Processes of one tank and two tanks are used to evaluate the efficiency of our controller. The results of the both processes are compared with two PID systems that are 3G25A-PIDO1-E and E5AK of OMRON. From the comparison results, our controller performance can be archived in the case of more robustness than the two PID systems.

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Gated Recurrent Unit Architecture for Context-Aware Recommendations with improved Similarity Measures

  • Kala, K.U.;Nandhini, M.
    • KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.538-561
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    • 2020
  • Recommender Systems (RecSys) have a major role in e-commerce for recommending products, which they may like for every user and thus improve their business aspects. Although many types of RecSyss are there in the research field, the state of the art RecSys has focused on finding the user similarity based on sequence (e.g. purchase history, movie-watching history) analyzing and prediction techniques like Recurrent Neural Network in Deep learning. That is RecSys has considered as a sequence prediction problem. However, evaluation of similarities among the customers is challenging while considering temporal aspects, context and multi-component ratings of the item-records in the customer sequences. For addressing this issue, we are proposing a Deep Learning based model which learns customer similarity directly from the sequence to sequence similarity as well as item to item similarity by considering all features of the item, contexts, and rating components using Dynamic Temporal Warping(DTW) distance measure for dynamic temporal matching and 2D-GRU (Two Dimensional-Gated Recurrent Unit) architecture. This will overcome the limitation of non-linearity in the time dimension while measuring the similarity, and the find patterns more accurately and speedily from temporal and spatial contexts. Experiment on the real world movie data set LDOS-CoMoDa demonstrates the efficacy and promising utility of the proposed personalized RecSys architecture.

Sparganosis Presenting as Cauda Equina Syndrome with Molecular Identification of the Parasite in Tissue Sections

  • Boonyasiri, Adhiratha;Cheunsuchon, Pornsuk;Srirabheebhat, Prajak;Yamasaki, Hiroshi;Maleewong, Wanchai;Intapan, Pewpan M.
    • Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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    • v.51 no.6
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    • pp.739-742
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    • 2013
  • A 52-year-old woman presented with lower back pain, progressive symmetrical paraparesis with sensory impairment, and sphincter disturbance. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the whole spine revealed multiple intradural extramedullary serpiginous-mass lesions in the subarachnoid space continuously from the prepontine to the anterior part of the medulla oblongata levels, C7, T2-T8, and T12 vertebral levels distally until the end of the theca sac and filling-in the right S1 neural foramen. Sparganosis was diagnosed by demonstration of the sparganum in histopathological sections of surgically resected tissues and also by the presence of serum IgG antibodies by ELISA. DNA was extracted from unstained tissue sections, and a partial fragment of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene was amplified using a primer set specific for Spirometra spp. cox1. After sequencing of the PCR-amplicon and alignment of the nucleotide sequence data, the causative agent was identified as the larva of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei.

Status and Design of Rapid-mix for Mechanisms of Alum coagulation (급속(急速) 혼화공정(混和工程) 현황(現況) 및 개선(改善) 사례(事例) 연구(硏究))

  • Jun, Hang-Bae;Han, Kyung-Jeon;Lee, Tae-Yong;Son, Kwang-Ik
    • Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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    • v.9 no.4
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    • pp.97-106
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    • 1995
  • An improving example for traditional rapid mix system was studied in the base of mechanisms of alum coagulation. Local status of the major water treatment plants was also investigated and evaluated for upgrading these plants. A new design and operating criterium for rapid mix system was proposed to velocity gradient, G of $1,000-1,500sec^{-1}$ and detention time, t of 1 sec from the results of experiments and literature reviews. Comparing the present rapid mix system to this criterium, apparent difference existed between them. In this study, for improving Seongnam water treatment plant, a design criterium of velocity gradient, and detention time was set to $1,100sec^{-1}$, 1 sec, respectively. A new rapid mix system adopted the nozzle injection countcurrently cross the inlet pipe to the whole area. The injection velocity was 17m/s, nozzle diameter was 1.0mm, and number of nozzle was 70. The new modified system without running present four 75 HP agitators was able to improve water quality(based on sedimentation effluent) by 15-35% and to reduce electrical energy by 98%.

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Simulation of Cardiovascular System for an Optimal Sodium Profiling in Hemodialysis

  • Lim, K.M.;Min, B.G.;Shim, E.B.
    • International Journal of Vascular Biomedical Engineering
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    • v.2 no.2
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    • pp.16-26
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    • 2004
  • The object of this study is to develop a mathematical model of the hemodialysis system including the mechanism of solute kinetics, water exchange and also cardiovascular dynamics. The cardiovascular system model used in this study simulates the short-term transient and steady-state hemodynamic responses such as hypotension and disequilibrium syndrome (which are main complications to hemodialysis patients) during hemodialysis. It consists of a 12 lumped-parameter representation of the cardiovascular circulation connected to set-point models of the arterial baroreflexes, a kinetic model (hemodialysis system model) with 3 compartmental body fluids and 2 compartmental solutes. We formulate mathematically this model in terms of an electric analog model. All resistors and most capacitors are assumed to be linear. The control mechanisms are mediated by the information detected from arterial pressoreceptors, and they work on systemic arterial resistance, heart rate, and systemic venous unstressed volume. The hemodialysis model includes the dynamics of urea, creatinine, sodium and potassium in the intracellular and extracellular pools as well as fluid balance equations for the intracellular, interstitial, and plasma volumes. Model parameters are largely based on literature values. We have presented the results on the simulations performed by changing some model parameters with respect to their basal values. In each case, the percentage changes of each compartmental pressure, heart rate (HR), total systemic resistance (TSR), ventricular compliance, zero pressure filling volume and solute concentration profiles are represented during hemodialysis.

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