• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.442-450
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• 2001

In this study, we collected PM10(particulate matter less than $10{\mu}m$) by using a high volume air sampler from March 2000 to September 2000 to investigate the contamination level and the distribution characteristics of heavy metals in the ambient air in Ulsan area. Samples were pretreated by the microwave extraction methods, and heaby metals (Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd, Ni, As, and Pb) were quantified by using and ICP-MS system. The highest PM10 concentrations in the ambient air were $85.6{\mu}g/m^3$ and the aberage value was $37.1{\mu}g/m^3$. The maximum levels of each heavy metal were as follows: $2.5{\mu}g/m^3$ for Fe(Yeocheon-dong), $0.41{\mu}g/m^3$ for Zn(Nammok-2-dong), $0.061{\mu}g/m^3$ for Cd(Yeocheon-dong), $0.20{\mu}g/m^3$ for Pb(Yeocheon-dong), $0.037{\mu}g/m^3$ for Ni(Yeoncheon-dong), $0.88{\mu}g/m^3$ for Cu(Yaeum-dong), $0.042{\mu}g/m^3$ for Cr(Yaeum-dong), and $0.015{\mu}g/m^3$ for As(Onsan). Among concentration of heavy metals, Ni and Zn compounds were highly correlated with a correlation coefficient of 0.87 at Nammok-2-dong.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.35-43
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• 1973

Since automatic silk reeling machine has been used in the fold, silk reeling tension has been considered to be an important matter. Such silk reeling tension affects on the physical nature of silk which would be Wire Silk in case of super high reeling velocity. This will be a report regarding with the silk reeling tension used Korean cocoon and various analyses are carried out where reached to following results. 1. Korean silk is still far from Wire Silk yet produced as general silk. 2. There is more possibility to increase silk reeling velocity if cocoon nature is improved. 3. At present, it is considered that the optimum reeling velocity is to be about 190 r.p.m. which is corresponded with 0.4∼0.5 g/d silk reeling tension. 4. This report has prepared a silk reeling tension contolling diagram against reeling velocity as shown at Figure 7. The mathematical relations between them are; A. in case of total silk reeling tension; Y=5.0831＋0.0381X(Y; total reeling tension, g/21d, X; reeling velocity, m/min) B. in case of initial silk reeling tension; Y=3.1922＋0.0175X (Y; initial reeling tension, g/21d, X; reeling velocity, m/min) 5. The main problems for the increase of silk reeling velocity is considered to be Break Down of Silk Reeling Ends caused by Cocoon Jumping or Cocoon Layer Seperation during the silk reeling work. Such troubles are concerned with the produced cocoon nature.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.25-35
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• 2012

목적 : 이 연구는 $Vipera$ $lebetina$ $turanica$ 사독(蛇毒)이 인간 대장암 세포주인 HCT116 세포에서 세포주기진행, death receptor 의존적 세포자멸사 경로 관련단백질 발현 및 NK-${\kappa}B$와 STAT3 활성에 미치는 영향을 규명함으로써 대장암 세포 성장에 대한 억제와 그 기전에 대하여 살펴보고자 하였다. 방법 : 사독을 처리한 후 HCT116의 세포주기를 분석하기 위해서 FACS analysis를 시행하였고, apoptosis 평가에는 TUNEL assay를 시행하였으며 death receptor 의존적 세포자멸사 경로 관련단백질 및 NF-${\kappa}B$와 STAT3 활성 변동 관찰에는 RT-PCR 및 western blot analysis를 시행하였다. 결과 : 1. 0.1, 0.5 및 $1{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ 등의 사독을 처리한 결과 농도 의존적으로 HCT116 대장암 세포활성의 억제가 나타났다. 2. 0.1, 0.5 및 $1{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ 등의 사독을 처리한 결과 농도의존적으로 세포자멸사 활성세포의 증가가 나타났고, SVT $1{\mu}g/m{\ell}$에서는 60-70%의 대장암세포 억제 효과가 나타났다. 3. 0.1, 0.5 및 $1{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ 등의 사독을 처리한 결과 약한 G1 arrest와 강한 G2/M arrest가 나타났고, G0/G1 또는 G2/M 관련 cyclin D, E 및 B1의 증가가 나타났다. 4. 0.1, 0.5 및 $1{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ 등의 사독을 처리한 결과 death receptor4, 5의 발현증가와 그에 따른 세포자멸사 촉진 Bax, PARP, caspase-3, -8, -9 발현 증가 및 세포자멸사 억제의 Bcl-2의 발현 감소 등이 나타났다. 6. 0.1, 0.5 및 $1{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ 등의 사독을 처리한 결과 NF-${\kappa}B$와 STAT3의 활성변동은 관찰되지 않았다. 결론 : 이상의 연구에서 사독은 death receptor 의존적인 세포자멸사를 촉진하여 대장암의 화학치료 내성을 극복할 수 있는 하나의 대안이 될 것으로 생각되지만 보다 심화된 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.247-250
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• 2014

A lipid-soluble extract in ginseng marc was prepared by n-hexane extraction to evaluate its antioxidant and anticancer potential. A hexane extract of ginseng marc (HEGM) possessed a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl free radical scavenging activity which was related to the amount of total phenolics. Also, HEGM showed a potent inhibitory activity on human non-small cell lung cancer (A549, $GI_{50}=34.0{\mu}g/mL$) and colon cancer (SNU-C4, $GI_{50}=45.2{\mu}g/mL$) cells proliferation in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner as did the hexane extract of ginseng with $GI_{50}$ values of $20.0{\mu}g/mL$ in A549 and $37.0{\mu}g/mL$ in SNU-C4. These results imply that HEGM can be utilized as an antioxidant and anticancer substance.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.29 no.1 s.52
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• pp.15-26
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• 1996

It has been studied that a variety of fauna and flora are sensitive biological indicators which reflect the severity of regional pollution of heavy metals, but in the center of part of Taegu City the controversial issue of lead poisoning attributable to the atmosphere which contains an increased concentrations of lead has been raised recently, it is usually hard to find suitable plants or animal in the areas with heavy traffic. Pigeons are ubiquitous in and around Taegu City area, inhabiting even the most densely populated areas with heavy traffic. With its small body size, high metabolic turnover, and rather limited mobility, a pigeon, as a biological indicator is expected. This study was conducted to monitor lead pollution in the Taegu and Kyongju City in Korea. We measured the lead content of the various tissue of three groups of feral pigeon(Columba livia) and soil and atmospheric lead concentration. First group was obtained in heavy traffic area in Taegu City, the second group was obtained a park in Taegu City and the third group was obtained light traffic area in Kyongju City. The air and soil lead concentration of heavy traffic area in Taegu City was $0.11{\mu}g/m^3,\;4.96{\mu}g/g$, that of park in Taegu City was $0.05{\mu}g/m^3,\;2.65{\mu}g/g$ and that of light traffic area in Kyongju City was $0.03{\mu}g/m^3,\;0.01{\mu}g/g$. The lead content of lung, blood, kidney, femur and liver of feral pigeons in heavy traffic area in Taegu City was significantly higher than pigeons obtained in a park in Taegu City and low traffic density area in Kyongju City(p<0.01). But stomach lead content of three group did not reflect a significant difference. In this study positive correlation was found between atmospheric lead concentrations and the concentration of lead in the pigeon's lung(r=0.5040, p<0.001), blood(r=0.3322, p<0.01), kidney(r=0.4824, p<0.001), femur(r=0.7214, p<0.001) and liver(r=0.4836, p<0.01). We can also found positive correlation between soil lead concentrations and the concentration of lead in the pigeon's femur(r=0.4850, p<0.001), kidney(r=0.4850, p<0.001) and liver(r=0.4386, p<0.01). In the pigeon's tissue there were significant correlations between concentration of lead in the blood and kidney(r=4818, p<0.001), femur(r=0.6157, p<0.001) and liver(r=0.3889, p<0.001). In conclusion, at the heavy traffic area in Taegu City, lead concentrations found in the atmosphere and soil are reflected in the lead concentrations of different tissue of urban pigeons. It is suggested that the tissue of pigeons can be good biological indicators of environmental lead pollution.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2012

The study was carried out to analyze the relationship between analysis of antioxidant activity and the level of functional components according to particle size of corn silk. Particle size was classified into 5 groups. By particle size distribution and color difference, the total phenol content and DPPH radical scavenging activity were observed. The particle sizes of corn silk were $199.17{\mu}m$, $178.27{\mu}m$, $85.48{\mu}m$, $27.4{\mu}m$ and $20.97{\mu}m$, respectively. The lightness of colored pigments was increased when the particle size was decreased. The contents of free sugar (fructose, glucose, galactose, sucrose, and maltose) of corn silk were analyzed using a HPLC. The total phenol contents by the particle sizes of corn silk were 2.01 mg/g, 2.02 mg/g, 2.06 mg/g, 2.26 mg/g and 2.26 mg/g, respectively. DPPH radical scavenging activities of samples were 21.00%, 21.75%, 22.90%, 24.35% and 23.67%, respectively. Antioxidative activities of Trolox and Fe(II) in corn silk were measured by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay. TEAC values of samples were $2.36{\mu}mol$ TE / g dw, $2.81{\mu}mol$ TE / g dw, $3.20{\mu}mol$ TE / g dw, $3.36{\mu}mol$ TE / g dw, and $3.44{\mu}mol$ TE / g dw, respectively. FRAP values of samples were $11.67{\mu}mol$ Fe(II) / g dw, $12.80{\mu}mol$ Fe(II) / g dw, $13.43{\mu}mol$ Fe(II) / g dw, $13.85{\mu}mol$ Fe(II) / g dw and $15.95{\mu}mol$ Fe(II) / g dw, respectively. Total phenolic content and antioxidantive activities based on FRAP assay and TEAC assay were increased with decreasing particle size. In addition, DPPH radical scavenging activity was also increased. A significant correlation was also noted between DPPH radical scavenging activities and the content of phenolic compounds.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.57 no.6
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• pp.665-671
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• 2013

The solubilization of p-bromophenol by the micellar system of TTAB(tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide) and the micellization of TTAB were studied by the UV-vis spectrophotometric method simultaneously. And the effects of temperature on these properties have been measured for the thermodynamic study. The results show that the ${\Delta}G_s{^o}$ and ${\Delta}H_s{^o}$ values are negative and the ${\Delta}S_s{^o}$ values are positive for the solubilization of p-bromophenol within the measured range. On the other hand, the ${\Delta}G_m{^o}$ values are negative and the ${\Delta}H_m{^o}$ and ${\Delta}S_m{^o}$ values are positive for the micellization of TTAB. The effects of additives such as n-butanol and NaCl have been studied also for both properties and the relationship between these two properties has been also studied. From the results, we can postulate the solubilization site of p-bromophenol in the micelle.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.55-64
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• 1993

The experiment was conducted to compare the effects of supplements of copper, vitamin I and selenium on growth and immune responses of broiler chicks fed cornsoy diets. The basal diet contained 21% crude protein, 2,800 kcal ME, 10 mg Vitamin E, 10 mg copper and 0.1 mg selenium per kg diet. Additions of the basal diet were copper (150mg and 250 mg/kg) or combination of vitamin I(200 mg/kg) and selenium(2 mg/kg). Serum immunoglobulin G(IgG) concentrations and body weight gain were determined weekly from hatching to 7 weeks of age. Additions of copper(150mg, 250mg) to the basal diet were showed, at the four weeks of age, 4.8% and 4.5% higher in body weight gain than that of control group, respectively. The active immune system of copper and (Vit. E＋Se) treated groups developed one week earlier than control group(basal diet). Negative correlation between IgG concentration and body weight gain was showed at the period from hatching to three weeks of age and, thereafter, positive correlation were identified (p＜0.01). Mortality rates were observed lower in all treated groups than that of control. In conclusion, the lower the levels of serum IgG, at the first two weeks of age, the lower in disease Infection and the higher in body weight gain.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.9-21
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• 2015

This study examined pollution level of sediment in Sookchun lake, and studied dredging validity by examining phosphorous release characteristics on surface polluted soil. Total phosphorous, the principal cause of algal blooms, exceeded dredging assessment standards regarding Daechung lake (1.5 mg/g) at all points. Also at all points, total nitrogen exceeded the dredging assessment standard regarding Paldang Lake (1.1 mg/g), but fell short of the standard regarding Daechung lake (3.0 mg/g). Dredging zone was suggested in this study is Chuso water body (WS-6~WS-12) in Sookchun lake. In relation to sediment pollution levels measured at different depths, LOI tended to decrease as it became deeper. The concentrations of T-N varied depending upon the depth as well as points, but no regular pattern was observed. The depth and site did not significantly influence T-P. From the results of phosphorous release tests, it was shown that total phosphorous release flux was calculated to be $7.2{\sim}15.4mg/m^2/d$ for anaerobic condition, $0.5{\sim}2.0mg/m^2/d$ for aerobic condition and $2.0{\sim}4.1mg/m^2/d$ for facultative condition. Release flux and T-P concentration of surface sediments had positive correlation ($R^2$ 0.7871). And The corelation between release flux and DO condition in reactor had strong negative correlation ($R^2$ 0.8824).

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.167-188
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• 1992

서울대 천문학과(SNU)의 Washington 측광계를 사용하여 관측한 자료와 ADC (Astronomical Data Center)의 자료를 분석함으로써 SNU Washington 측광계를 표준화 시켰다. SNU Washington 측광계중에서 C필터에 나타나는 적색광 누출은 V필터와의 결합을 통해 보정했으며, 그 최대값은 K0형에서 약 $0^{m}.14$까지 이른다. ADC의 자료분석 결과 G. K형 별들에 대해 중원소 측광지수와 중원소함량과 서로 잘 일치함을 알 수 있었고. 주계열성의 경우 온도 측광지수와 온도와는 좋은 관계를 보임을 알 수 있었다. 또한 ($M-T_2$)과 ($M-T_1$) 평면상에서는 중원소함량과 광도계급에 무관한 좋은 온도관계를 나타냄을 알았다. 그리고 이 측광계의 장점으로 나타난 CN지수와 CN 특이성과는 특별한 관계를 찾기가 어려웠고, 이 측광계만으로는 상도계급의 구분을 다른 측광계 만큼 분명하게 결정짓기가 어려웠다. 그러나 표면중력과이 측광계의 색지수와의 관계를 본 결과 초거성, 거성, 주계열성을 비교적 잘 구분해 낼 수 있었다.