• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.241-244
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• 2002

Using ab initio method, we have studied the structural stabilities, the electronic structures and properties between the two isomers with $C_{2h}$ and $C_{2v}$ symmetry of AlN four-membered-ring single precursors $[Me_2AlNHR]_2$ (R = Me, $^iPr$, and $^iBu$). In the viewpoint of bond lengths in optimized structures, the N-C bonds are considerably affected by the change of the R groups bonded to nitrogen, but the bonding characters of the Al-N and Al-C bonds are little affected. Also the structural stabilities between the two isomers with $C_{2h}$ and $C_{2v}$ symmetry by using Hartree-Fock (HF) and the second order Moeller-Pleset (MP2) calculations agree well with the experimental results for the relative stability of bis(dimethyl- m-isopropylamido-aluminum) (BDPA) and bis(dimethyl- m-t-butylamido-aluminum) (BDBA), while the semiempirical AM1 and PM3 calculations for BDPA were reverse. Thus, our results may aid in designing an optimum precursor for a given process by explaining the experimental results through the elimination of the R groups bonded to nitrogen.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.253-256
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• 2007

한국산 강준치아과 (Cultrinae)의 백조어와 강준치 2종의 염색체 수 및 핵형 분석을 실시하였다. 백조어와 강준치의 염색체 수 및 핵형은 2n=48 (7M+10SM+7ST), FN=96 그리고 2n=48 (6M+10SM+8ST), FN=96으로 밝혀졌다. 염색체의 크기는 백조어에서 가장 큰 염색체 쌍과 가장 작은 염색체 쌍은 각각 $5.4{\mu}m$와 $2.2{\mu}m$였으며, 강준치의 경우 $6.1{\mu}m$와 $2.3{\mu}m$를 보였다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.81-88
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• 1987

Hepatotoxicity study of the nitrosamine produced by interaction between drugs containing amino groups and soduim nitrite was conducted. In the in vitro study, interaction of 32mM Promethazine HCL or Oxomemazine HCL with 200mM Sodium nitrite produced N-nitroso dimetylamine (NDMA) at 0.4% or 0.03%, respectively. When sodium nitrite was administered with Promethazine HCL or Oxomemazine HCL, trace of NDMA was detected from the gastric contents. After three days of consecutive administration of sodium nitrite with Promethazine HCL or Oxomemazine HCL, the levels of GOT, GPT and SDH in the serum of treated groups were significant higher than that of control group.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.329-335
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• 2006

Echinostoma hortense (E. hortense) is an intestinal trematode with the highest infection rate in South Korea. However, the immune response against E. hortense infection has not been explained well. In the present study, we investigated the effect of treatment with cyclosporin A (CsA) and histamine receptor antagonists on the cytokine expression and mucosal goblet cells in E. hortense-infected C3H/HeN mice. The alteration of cytokine mRNA expression ($TNF-{\alpha},\;IL-l{\beta},\;IL-4\;and\;IL-5$), intestinal worm recovery rate and goblet cell responses were measured weekly from 0 to 5 weeks post-infection (P.I.) in the control and the following three drug-treated groups: CsA, hydroxyzine and cimetidine. Compared with the control group, the expression of $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-4 and IL-5 mRNAs decreased in the CsA- and hydroxyzine-treated groups, but only IL-4 mRNA expression did in the cimetidine-treated group. Worm recovery rate was significantly increased in the drug-treated groups. Mucosal goblet cells and their mucin response significantly decreased in the CsA-treated group (P<0.01), but significantly increased in the cimetidine- (P<0.05) and hydroxyzine- (P<0.01) treated groups. These data suggest that CsA treatment inhibits production of Th1- and Th2-type cytokines which are necessary for the worm expulsion. Histamine receptor increases goblet cells and their mucin activation, although it remains to be elucidated whether it directly affects the worm expulsion period of E. hortense in C3H/HeN mice.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.806-809
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• 1999

The present study showed the advantages of dried Bacillus subtilis culture (DBSC) supplementation on reducing ammonia gas release in the poultry house. In Experiment 1, 65-week-old Hyline W-36 hens were raised in individual wire-floor cages in a windowless house, and divided into two groups of 180 hens each. One group was fed diets without DBSC as the control and another group was fed a diet supplemented with 2% DBSC. In Experiment 2, 2-week-old broiler chicks were divided into 3 treatment groups of 20 chicks each and maintained in individual floor cages. One group was fed the diet without DBSC and other two groups were fed the diet supplemented with 1 or 2% DBSC, respectively. In experiment 1, DBSC consistently reduced ammonia gas release in the laying house (p<0.01) and manure storage facilities (p<0.01). incubation of feces for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 24 or 48 hours showed that DBSC consistently reduced ammonia gas release. In Experiment 2, DBSC reduced ammonia gas release in the broiler house; however, DBSC had no effect on total N, urate-N and ammonia-N contents of feces, but it improved cumulative N utilization and decreased serum urea-N concentration when chicks when chicks were fed 1% DBSC.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.654-666
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• 2018

본 연구는 비만 모델동물 랫드에서 식이 내 오메가 6와 3 지방산 비율(n-6/n-3 0, 4:1, 15:1, 30:1)이 지질대사의 생화학적 메카니즘을 구명하였다. 혈액 중성지방은 대조군과 비교할 때 n-6/n-3 비율 4:1, 15;1, 30:1 처리군에서 22.21%, 총콜레스테롤 20.60%, LDL-C 52.96%, 혈당 15.71%, ALT 11.97%, AST 9.13%, 인슐린 37.57%, 렙틴 45.98% 낮아졌으나, HDL-C 28.38%, 인지질 80.39% 증가하였고, 특히 4:1 처리군에서 가장 큰 효과가 나타났다. 간 조직에서 SREPB-$1{\alpha}$, SREPB-2 mRNA는 대조군과 비교할 때 n-6/n-3 비율 처리군에서 하향조절 하였으나 PPARs 그리고 지방조직의 LPL-mRNA는 상향조절 하였다. 간 조직에서 지방세포의 크기는 n-6/n-3 비율 30:1, 대조군, 15:1, 4:1 순서로 낮아졌고, 지방조직에서 지방세포의 크기는 대조군, 30:1, 15:1, 4:1 순서로 낮았다. 결과는 비만 모델동물 랫드에서 오메가 6와 오메가 3 지방산 비율, 특히 4:1을 함유하는 식이를 급여하면 혈액 유해 지질, 간 기능 효소, 렙틴, 인슐린, 간과 지방조직의 유전자 발현 조절을 통하여 건강을 유지할 수 있다는 새로운 사실을 발견하였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.5251-5256
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• 2016

Background: Diagnostic karyotyping analysis is routinely used in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) clinics. Categorization of patients into risk stratified groups (favorable, intermediate and adverse) according to cytogenetic findings can serve as a valuable independent prognostic factor. Method and Material: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted based on the patient records of newly diagnosed non-M3 AML young adult cases undergoing standard 3+7 i.e, Daunorubicin and Ara-C (DA) as remission induction chemotherapy. Diagnostic cytogenetic analysis reports were analyzed to classify the patients into risk stratified groups according to South West Oncology Group criteria and prognostic significance was measured with reference to achievement of haematological remission after 1st induction chemotherapy. Results:A normal karyotype was commonly expressed, found in 47.2% of patients, while 65% (n=39) appeared to have intermediate risk cytogenetics, and 13.3% (n=8) adverse or unclassified findings. Favourable cytogenetics was least frequent in the patient cohort, accounting for only 8.3 % (n=5).The impact of cytogenetic risk groups on achievement of haematological remission was evaluated by applying Pearson Chi-square, and was found to be non-significant (df=12, p=0.256) but when the outcomes of favourable risk groups with intermediate, adverse and unclassified findings compared, results were highly significant (df=6, p=0.000) for each comparison. In patients of the favourable cytogenetic risk group, HR?? was reported in 40% (n=2/5), as compared to 62.2% (n=23/37) in the intermediate cytogenetic risk group, 57.1% (n=4/7) in the adverse cytogenetic risk group and 28.6% (n=2/7) in hte unclassified cytogenetic risk group. Conclusion: Cytogenetic risk stratification for AML cases following criteria provided by international guidelines did not produce conclusive results in our Pakistani patients. However, we cannot preclude an importance as the literature clearly supports the use of pretreatment karyotyping analysis as a significant predictive marker for clinical outcomes. The apparent differences between Pakistani and Western studies indicate an urgent need to develop risk stratification guidelines according to the specific cytogenetic makeup of South Asian populations.

• 폴리머
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.822-830
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 실리카 나노입자를 우수한 내가수분해성을 가지는 dipodal 형태의 bis[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]amine(BTMA) 실란 커플링제로 표면 개질한 후, 실리카에 도입된 BTMA의 2차 아미노기인 N-H기와 마이클 부가반응이 가능한 acrylate기를 1분자당 2개씩 가지는 poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate(PEGDA)로 표면 처리하여 acrylate기를 실리카 입자 표면에 도입하는 연구를 수행하였다. PEGDA의 몰수 및 3가지 서로 다른 분자량의 PEGDA(M.W. 258, 575, 700) 처리가 실리카 표면에 도입되는 acrylate기의 구조에 미치는 영향을 fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), elemental analysis(EA, 원소분석) 및 고체 상태 $^{13}C$ cross-polarization magic angle spinning(CP/MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(NMR)법을 사용하여 분석하였다. 액체상태의 순수 PEGDA와 순수 BTMA를 같은 몰 비로 반응시키면 PEGDA 1분자당 2개씩 존재하는 acrylate기 중 1개 acrylate기는 순수 BTMA의 N-H기와 1:1의 비율로 마이클 부가반응이 일어나 ${\beta}$-amino acid ester를 형성하고, 나머지 1개의 acrylate기는 남아서 중합반응이 가능한 단량체 합성이 가능하다. 하지만, BTMA로 개질된 실리카 입자를 PEGDA와 반응시키면, PEGDA 1분자당 2개씩 결합있는 acrylate기 대부분이 실리카 입자에 결합되어 있는 BTMA의 N-H기와 마이클 부가반응으로 ${\beta}$-amino acid ester를 형성하여, acrylate기의 C=C기 대부분이 C-C로 변화함을 확인하였다.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.529-540
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• 2023

Objective: To compare the diagnostic performance and clinical outcomes of 2-mSv computed tomography (CT) and conventional-dose CT (CDCT), following radiology residents' interpretation of CT examinations for suspected appendicitis. Materials and Methods: Altogether, 3074 patients with suspected appendicitis aged 15-44 years (28 ± 9 years, 1672 females) from 20 hospitals were randomly assigned to the 2-mSv CT (n = 1535) or CDCT (n = 1539) groups in a pragmatic trial from December 2013 and August 2016. Overall, 107 radiology residents participated in the trial as readers in the form of daily practice after online training for 2-mSv CT. They made preliminary CT reports, which were later finalized by attending radiologists via addendum reports, for 640 and 657 patients in the 2-mSv CT and CDCT groups, respectively. We compared the diagnostic performance of the residents, discrepancies between preliminary and addendum reports, and clinical outcomes between the two groups. Results: Patient characteristics were similar between the 640 and 657 patients. Residents' diagnostic performance was not significantly different between the 2-mSv CT and CDCT groups, with a sensitivity of 96.0% and 97.1%, respectively (difference [95% confidence interval {CI}], -1.1% [-4.9%, 2.6%]; P = 0.69) and specificity of 93.2% and 93.1%, respectively (0.1% [-3.6%, 3.7%]; P > 0.99). The 2-mSv CT and CDCT groups did not significantly differ in discrepancies between the preliminary and addendum reports regarding the presence of appendicitis (3.3% vs. 5.2%; -1.9% [-4.2%, 0.4%]; P = 0.12) and alternative diagnosis (5.5% vs. 6.4%; -0.9% [-3.6%, 1.8%]; P = 0.56). The rates of perforated appendicitis (12.0% vs. 12.6%; -0.6% [-4.3%, 3.1%]; P = 0.81) and negative appendectomies (1.9% vs. 1.1%; 0.8% [-0.7%, 2.3%]; P = 0.33) were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: Diagnostic performance and clinical outcomes were not significantly different between the 2-mSv CT and CDCT groups following radiology residents' CT readings for suspected appendicitis.

• Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.248-253
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• 2018

Background: Sirtuins mediate metabolic responses to nutrient availability and slow aging and accompanying decline in health. This study was designed to assess the expressions of sirtuin1 (SIRT1) and sirtuin3 (SIRT3) in the liver and hypothalamus after duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB) surgery in rats. Methods: A total of 38 rats were randomly assigned to either sham group (n=8) or DJB group (n=30). DJB group was again divided into three groups according to the elapsed time after surgery (10 weeks, DJB10; 16 week, DJB16; 28 week, DJB28). The mRNA and protein expressions of SIRT1 and SIRT3 in the liver and hypothalamus were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry analyses. $NAD^+/NADH$ ratio was also measured. Results: We found increased mRNA and protein expression levels of SIRT1 in the liver of DJB16 and DJB28 groups compared with those of sham group. The mRNA and protein expressions of SIRT3 in the liver of DJB group increased proportionally to the elapsed time after DJB surgery. The mRNA expression levels of SIRT1 in the hypothalamus increased in DJB16 and DJB28 groups and protein expression levels of SIRT1 in the hypothalamus increased in DJB10, DBJ16, and DJB28 groups compared with sham group. We observed that mRNA and protein levels of SIRT3 in the hypothalamus of DJB group were not changed. Conclusion: This study proves that DJB increases SIRT1 and SIRT3 expressions in the liver and SIRT1 expression in the hypothalamus. These results suggest the possibility of sirtuins being involved in bypass surgery-induced metabolic changes.