• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.836-840
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• 2005

Extraction characteristics of Bonus species of Brassica oleracea var. capita and functional properties of corresponding extract were monitored by response surface methodology (RSM). Maximum extraction yield of 44.07% was obtained at ratio of solvent to sample of 27.94 mL/g, ethanol concentration of 24.35%, and extraction temperature of $55.21^{\circ}C$. At ratio of solvent to sample, ethanol concentration, and extraction temperature of 21.11 mL/g, 58.53%, and $68.83^{\circ}C$, respectively, maximum electron-donating ability was 48.44%. Maximum inhibitory effect on tyrosinase was 68.94% at ratio of solvent to sample, ethanol concentration, and extraction temperature of 24.08 mL/g, 10.49%, and $78.71^{\circ}C$, respectively. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) showed maximum pseudo-activity of 24.78% at ratio of solvent to sample of 22.66 mL/g, ethanol concentration of 45.69%, and extraction temperature of $93.81^{\circ}C$. Based on superimposition of four-dimensional RSM with respect to extraction yield, electron-donating ability, and pseudo-activity of SOD, optimum ranges of extraction conditions were ratio of solvent to sample of 20-30 mL/g, ethanol concentration of 35-65%, and extraction temperature of $50-80^{\circ}C$.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.243-247
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• 2007

헤드스페이스-기체크로마토그래프/질량분석기를 이용하여 음료류 중 벤젠을 분석하였다. 대상식품은 시중에 유통되는 과실쥬스 2종, 과실음료 6종, 착향탄산음료 11종, 혼합음료 55종, 추출음료 7종, 음료베이스 4종 등 총 85종이었다. 헤드스페이스의 상평형을 위하여 $40^{\circ}C$에서 30분간 교반하였으며 오븐온도는 초기 온도 $60^{\circ}C$에서 5분간 유지 후 $15^{\circ}C$/분의 비율로 $180^{\circ}C$까지 상승하였다. 내부표준물질로는 벤젠-d6을 사용하였다. 선택이온 m/z 51, 77, 78로 확인하였으며 선택이온 m/z 78에 대한 m/z 77의 반응세기비로 재검증하였다. 벤젠의 선택이온 m/z 78과 내부표준물질 벤젠-d6의 선택이온 m/z 84에 대한 피크 면적비로 정량하였다. 회수율은 $91{\sim}101%$이었으며, 정량한계는 $1{\mu}g/kg$이었다. 벤젠의 평균검출수준은 과실음료의 경우 $5{\mu}g/kg$, 착향탄산음료의 경우 $2{\mu}g/kg$, 혼합음료의 경우 $7{\mu}g/kg$, 추출음료의 경우 $7{\mu}g/kg$이었다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.130-138
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• 1988

The method of conjugate gradient (C.G.M.) is applied to the solution of current distribution from body of revolution(B.O.R.). Using the C.G.M., it is possible to analyze electrically large arbitratily oriented B.O.R.. The fundamental differencess between C.G.M. and moment are outlined. This method converge for any initial guess, and this techniqe guarantees a monotonic convegence. Numerical resulsts are presented for electromagnetic case which shows good agreements with moment solution.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.34-41
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• 2009

새로운 종류의 히드라존 유도체는 4-(2-chloroethyl) semicarbazides로 부터 합성되었고, 인간 두 뇌(U251)와 간(Hepg2)의 암세포 에 대해 항증식성을 보였다. 히드라존 화합물은 벤즈알데히드, 아세토 페논, 3-formylindole 유도체이다. 아세토페논 유도체중에 3e (p-methoxy substituted)와 and 3f (p-nitro substituted)는 Hepg2 세포 (각각I$C_{50}$ = 6 ,8 $\mu$g/mL) 에 대해 가장 높은 세포독성활성을 보인다. 3-Formylindole 유도체중에 4a (hydrazone of 3-formylindole)은 U251 (I$C_{50}$ = 21 $\mu$g/mL)와 Hepg2 (I$C_{50}$ = 7 $\mu$g/mL)에 강한 세포독성활성을 보인다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.1348-1352
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• 2005

Most breeds of sheep in Iran are adapted to their agro ecological niches where it is likely that they were also artificially selected by their owners. In general, most of sheep breeds are multipurpose producing lambs, wool and milk. To compare the physical and chemical composition of the carcasses of ten Iranian native fat-tailed sheep breeds, 243 male lambs (6-7 months of age) of ten fattailed, Iranian breeds of sheep, Sanjabi (S), Ghezel (G), Afshari (A), Mehrabani (M), Lori (L), Lori Bakhtiari (LB), Kordi Khorasan (K), Sangesari (Sa), Baluchi (B) and Chal (C) were studied. Lamb breed group had a significant (p<0.05) effect on all the carcass traits measured. The LB and C lambs showed the same live weight which was significantly (p<0.05) higher than the other breeds. Carcass dressing- out percentage in S lambs was lowest (p<0.05), but not different from G lambs. K and Sa breeds showed the highest (p<0.05) carcass dressing-out percentage. The S lambs had the highest (p<0.05) lean meat percent. Lean meat percentage was not significantly (p>0.05) different in the G, A, M and C breeds. The Sa and K breeds showed the lowest lean meat percent. The S lambs showed the lowest (p<0.05) fat percent in their carcass, while K and Sa showed the highest (p<0.05). Subcutaneous fat in K, Sa and B was higher (p<0.05) than the other breeds. Lambs of S, G, A and M breeds had the lowest subcutaneous fat in their carcasses (p>0.05). Intramascular fat was significantly (p<0.05) lower in M, S and C despite the fact that this values were highest in B and K lambs. The K and Sa breeds had highest fat-tail percentage (p<0.05) in their carcass, whereas S and G showed lowest. Lambs of G, S and A breeds had higher bone percent than other breeds (p<0.05). Lowest bone percent (p<0.05) was seen in K and Sa lambs. The carcass moisture percent was not significantly (p>0.05) different in S, G, A, M, L and C breeds. M lambs showed the lowest crude protein percentage and S breed the highest (p<0.05). There were no significant (p>0.05) differences among other lamb breeds for this trait. Chemical fat percentage was the same in S, G, A, C and M breeds, but significantly (p<0.05) lower from LB, K, Sa and B. Ash percent in S, G and A had no significant (p>0.05) difference. According to higher lean meat and lower fat percentages in the carcass, the ranking of breeds would be S, G, A, M and C.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2014

Different pyrazoline derivatives (6a-h and 7a-h) were synthesized by cyclization of substituted chalcones with hydrazine hydrate in acidic as well as basic conditions. Both the reactions were performed under conventional heating and microwave irradiation and percentage yields were compared. All the reactions were accelerated in acidic and basic conditions under microwave irradiation, with higher yields. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by their spectral study (IR, MS, $^1H$ and $^{13}C$ NMR) and were tested for their antibacterial and antifungal activity. The compounds 6g and 7g exhibited significant activity against S. aureu, 7g against E. faecalis, 6b and 7b against E. coli and 6b, 6c, 7b, 7c against S. typhi. The compounds 6d and 7d exhibited significant activity against C. albicans and 6c against M. luteus. Rest of the synthesized compounds showed moderate to poor activity against tested species with compared to standard.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.185-195
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• 2017

본 연구는 지역특산자원인 우슬과 발아벼를 이용하여 Achyranthes japonica Nakai-Rice Pilsner(ARP) 맥주를 제조하고 얻어지는 맥주박의 활용가치를 평가하여 소규모 맥주 제조사의 부가가치 생산과 제품개발을 위한 기초자료로 활용하고자 수행되었다. ARP 맥주 제조 시 당화 및 농축공정에서 얻어지는 맥주박 brewer's spent grain(BSG, 맥아와 미아)와 brewer's spent material(BSM, 우슬)의 $25^{\circ}C$, $60^{\circ}C$, 그리고 $100^{\circ}C$ 열수 추출액을 제조하고 이들의 영양성 및 기능성을 평가하였다. ARP 맥주박 BSG와 BSM의 열수 추출액의 유용성분 추출량은 추출온도와 시간에 따라 차이를 나타내었으며 ${\gamma}-aminobutyric$ acid(GABA), 사포닌, 나이아신 성분은 $60^{\circ}C$에서 3시간 이상의 추출에서 함량이 높게 나타났지만, 총폴리페놀 성분과 항산화능[1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) 라디칼 소거능 및 환원력]의 경우 $100^{\circ}C$에서 1시간 추출 시 가장 높은 값을 나타내었다. 엽산의 경우 BSG는 $100^{\circ}C$에서, BSM은 $60^{\circ}C$에서 추출된 시료가 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 전체적으로 영양성과 기능성을 모두 고려해볼 때 $60^{\circ}C$에서 3시간의 열수 추출조건이 바람직한 조건으로 보인다. 이 조건하에서 BSG 추출액의 경우 GABA $186.1{\mu}g/100mL$, 나이아신 $67.9{\mu}g/100mL$, 엽산 $80.9{\mu}g/100mL$, 총폴리페놀 $198.8{\mu}g$ gallic acid equivalent(GAE)/100mL, DPPH 라디칼 소거능 $90.0{\mu}g\;GAE/100mL$, 환원력 $8.4{\mu}g\;GAE/100mL$, BSM 추출액의 경우 사포닌 $300.2{\mu}g$ diosgenin equivalents/100 mL, 나이아신 $1,209.7{\mu}g\;GAE/100mL$, 엽산 $18.0{\mu}g\;GAE/100mL$, 총폴리페놀 $270.4{\mu}g\;GAE/100mL$, DPPH 라디칼 소거능 $1,049.9{\mu}g\;GAE/100mL$, 환원력 $505.5{\mu}g\;GAE/100mL$를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. BSM의 열수 추출액은 BSG 추출액에 비하여 수용성 비타민의 경우 약 4~18배, 총폴리페놀 함량은 1.4배, 항산화능은 약 11~60배 높게 나타나 영양성 및 기능성 모두 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과를 볼 때 ARP 맥주박은 영양성 및 기능성 면에서 우수한 자원으로 $60^{\circ}C$에서 3시간 열수 추출물을 향후 제품 개발에 활용 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.200-205
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• 2002

Temperature-dependent pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin (CIP) was studied in the cultured olive flounders, Paralichthys olivaceus, and black rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) originally developed for quinolone determination from livestock. Pharmacokinetics of CIP was apparently affected by ambient water temperature. In a two-compartment model for flounders after oral dosage of 20 mg/kg, $K_{01},\;at\;13^{\circ}C$ and $23^{\circ}C$ were 4.18 and 1.20/hr, respectively. The $K_{10},\;T_{max}\;and\;C_{max}\;at\;13^{\circ}C$ were 5.574/hr, l4.37${\mu}g/mL\;and\;3.15{\mu}g/mL,$ respectively. The corresponding values at $23^{\circ}C$ were l2.84/hr, 15.39${\mu}g/mL\;and\;6.38{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The AUC, $T_{1/2} (\alpha)\;and\;T_{1/2}\;(\beta)$ were 278.23 ${\mu}g \cdot hr/mL$, 0.24hr and 47.02hr at $13^{\circ}C$ and 3l7.8l${\mu}g \cdot hr/mL$, 0.30 hrs and 60.78hrs at $23^{\circ}C$ for the flounder, respectively. Similar CIP pharmacokinetics were revealed in the black rockfish after oral dosage of 20 mg/kg under the two water temperature regimes. These pharmacokinetical results have some implication in the optimal usage of recently introduced antibacterials in the farmed fish, which were primarily adapted for poultry and mammalian species.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2002

Effects of Temperature on the Pharmacokinetics of norfloxecin (NFX) were studied in the cultured carp,Cyprinus carpio, and cel, Anguilla japonica, using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) originally developed for quinolone determination in livesrocks. Pharmacokinetics of NFX was apparently affected by ambiem water temperature. In a two-compaament model for carp after oral dosage of 20 mg/K01 at $13^{\circ}C$ and $23^{\circ}C$ and 5.20/hr, respectively. In carp the $K_{\iota\nu}$, $T_{max}$and $C_{max}$ for carp at $13^{\circ}C$ were 13.30/hr, 17.44 ${\mu}g$/$m\ell$ and 7.00 ${\mu}g$/$m\ell$, respectively. The" correspoeding values at $23^{\circ}C$ were 3.93/hr, 15.40 ${\mu}g$/$m\ell$ and 9.44 ${\mu}g$/$m\ell$, respectively. The AUC and T were 355.66 ${\mu}g$ hr/$m\ell$, and 12.70 hr at $13^{\circ}C$ and 417,24 ${\mu}g$ hr/$m\ell$ and 13.86 hrs at $23^{\circ}C$, respectively. Similar trends were revealed in the NFX pharmacokinetics of eel kept under the two water temperature regimes aftee oral NFX dosage of 20 mg/kg. These pharmacokinetkal results have some implication in the optimal usage of recently introduced antibacterials in farmed fish, which were originally adapted for poultry and mammalian species.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.284-292
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• 2020

SiC 기반 소자는 silicon 소자 대비 1200V 이상의 고전압 환경에서 우수하게 동작하며 특히 매우 높은 온도에서 안정적인 특성을 보여준다. 따라서 최근 1700V급 UMOSFET이 전기 자동차, 항공기 등의 전력시스템의 사용을 목표로 활발하게 연구개발 되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 최근 연구되고 있는 세 종류의 1700급 UMOSFET-Conventional UMOSFET (C-UMOSFET), Source Trench UMOSFET (ST-UMOSFET), Local Floating Superjunction UMOSFET (LFS-UMOSFET)-에 대해 온도 변화(300K-600K)에 따른 전력소자에서 중요한 변수 (breakdown voltage(BV), on-resistance(R_on), threshold voltage(v_th), transconductance(g_m))의 신뢰성 특성을 비교 분석하였다. 세 소자 모두 온도 증가에 따른 BV 증가, R_on 증가, v_th 감소, g_m 감소를 확인하였다. 그러나 세 소자의 구조 차이에 따라 BV, R_on v_th, g_m 변화에 차이가 있어 그 정도 및 원인에 대해 비교 분석하였다. 모든 결과는 sentaurus TCAD을 통해 simulation 되었다.