• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.313-322
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• 2012

A 2-year study (2010-2011) was carried out in order to evaluate the effects of bean and maize intercropping. The experiment tested five different cropping systems: sole cropping of each crop, as well as intercropping of maize/bean with the ratios of 1:3 ($M_1B_3$), 2:2 ($M_2B_2$) and 3:1 ($M_3B_1$), each of which took place in the presence of two weed management systems (no weed control and weed eradication through manual removal), in a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design using three replicates. Tests of homogeneity of variance for combined data over two years showed that data of both years could be analyzed together. The results showed that the effect of intercropping treatments on all measured traits in maize and bean were significantly different. A minimum land equivalent ratio (LER) for maize (0.78) was obtained for $M_3B_1$ under conditions of no weed control, while the highest LER (1.03) was observed in $M_3B_1$ under weed-free conditions. The highest (0.99) and lowest (0.70) LER values for beans were recorded for $M_1B_3$ under weed-free conditions and $M_3B_1$ under conditions of no weed control, respectively. $M_1B_3$ under weed-free conditions showed the highest total LER (2.02), while $M_3B_1$ under conditions of no weed control showed the lowest (1.48). Results of this study indicated that intercropping bean and maize can be an effective method to increase total productivity, and that the $M_1B_3$ system was the best cropping system for high productivity.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.6269-6273
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• 2015

Alamouti 알고리즘에 기반한 M-ary $2{\times}N$ OSTBC(Orthogonal Space Time Block Coded) MIMO(Multi Input Multi Output) 시스템의 성능을 두개의 파라미터, 즉 constellation 숫자(M)와 수신안테나 숫자(N)를 변화시키며 컴퓨터 모의실험에 의하여 알아보았다. $2{\times}N$ MIMO 스템의 성능과 단일 송신안테나 시스템의 성능비교를 위하여 MRC(Maximum Ratio Combining) 다이버시티 안테나 시스템의 성능 역시 컴퓨터 모의실험을 통하여 수행하였다. 10 dB EbNo QPSK 시스템의 경우 Alamouti $2{\times}1$ MIMO가 단수안테나 시스템에 비해 4.2 dB의 BER을 향상시켰으며 $2{\times}2$ MIMO는 $1{\times}2$ MRC 대비 7.4 dB의 BER을 향상시켰다.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.31-39
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• 1999

본 연구는 1994년 6월부터 7월까지 광양만의 조화조간대와 덕산조간대에 서식하는 바지락(Ruditapes philippinarum: Bivalvia)의 개체군동태와 이차생산을 알아보기 위하여 수행되었다. 1994년 6월부터 1995년 4월까지 각장 빈도분포는 이중모드형을 보였으며, 이 후 단일모드형으로 변하였다. 중앙값은 시간에 따라 오른쪽으로 이동하였으며, 이는 각장의 성장을 의미한다. 평균서식밀도는 시간에 따라 감소하였다. Chohwa A에서 가장 서식밀도가 높았으며, Chohwa B, Toksan C, Toksan D의 순으로 감소하였다. 새로운 연령군의 가입은 상부조간대에서 먼저 일어나고, 이후 하부조간대로 이동하였다. 각 연령군의 육질부 생물량은 춘계의 산란기 직전까지 급격히 증가하다가 이후 서서히 감소하였다. 연평균생물량은 Chohwa A에서 170.7 g m$^{-2}$ , Chohwa B에서 220.7 g m$^{-2}$ , Toksan C에서 21.8 g m$^{-2}$ , 그리고 Toksan D에서 45.2 g m$^{-2}$ 를 기록하였다. 육질부 연간 생산량은 Chohwa A에서 259.72 g m$^{-2}$ yr$_{-1}$, Chohwa B에서 359.79 g m$^{-2}$ yr$_{-1}$, Toksan C에서 45.02 g m$^{-2}$ yr$_{-1}$, Toksan D에서 68.88 g m$^{-2}$ yr$_{-1}$를 기록하여 조화조간대의 연생산량이 덕산조간대보다 높았다. 반면에 P:B ratio는 덕산조간대가 1.70으로 조화조간대의 1.58보다 높았다. 즉 잠재적 먹이원의 총량이 많은 조화조간대에 바지락의 서식밀도, 생물량, 생산량이 많았으나, 단위개체당 이용가능한 먹이양과 공간의 관점에서 경쟁이 적은 덕산조간대가 개체의 성장과 P:B ratio가 양호하였다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.29-44
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• 2010

Vertical vibration tests were conducted using model footings of different size and mass resting on the surface of finite sand layer with different height to width ratios which was underlain by either rigid concrete base, under both dry and saturated condition. The effect of saturation on the damping ratio of finite sand stratum underlain by a rigid base has been verified and compared with the results obtained for the case of finite dry sand stratum underlain by the rigid base. Comparison of results of the experimental study showed that the damping in both the cases is less than 10%. The damping ratio obtained for finite saturated sand stratum is marginally lower than that obtained on finite dry sand stratum at H/B ratio of 0.5. The difference between the two cases becomes significant when the H/B ratio increases to 3.0, indicating the significant influence of soil moisture on damping ratio of foundation- soil system with increase in the thickness of the finite sand stratum. Comparison of the predicted damping ratio for a homogeneous sand stratum with the experimental damping ratio obtained corresponding to the height to width ratio of 3.0 of the finite sand stratum underlain by the rigid concrete base indicates a significant reduction in damping ratio of the foundation-soil system for both the cases.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제39권spc1호
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• pp.236-241
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• 2006

We measured the secondary production of the amphipod Monocorophium acherusicum Costa in a seagrass bed (Zostera marina L.) in Gwangyang Bay, southern Korea. M. acherusicum biomass was positively correlated (P<0.05) with seagrass standing crop, suggesting that there were biological interactions between the two species. M. acherusicum displays two main breeding periods per year: spring (March to April) and fall (October to November). M. acherusicum biomass in the spring breeding periods was higher than in the fall. Annual secondary production of M. acherusicum was 3.54 g DW/$m^2$/yr with an annual P/B ratio of 3.48. Secondary production and the P/B ratio of M. acherusicum were lower than those observed for other amphipods inhabiting seagrass beds. These results suggest that biological interactions between M. acherusicum and seagrass, as well as dietary competition with other amphipods can potentially cause declines in secondary production and the P/B ratio.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.7-10
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• 1975

제주도 고등어 자망어업의 주어기인 1974년 5월 28일부터 8월 31일까지 서귀포와 비양도근해어장에서 고등어 자망어구의 이망율에 관한 시험조업결과는 다음과 같다. 1. $X^2$ t 검정에 의하면 고등어 nylon-monofilament 자망 B형이 nylon-multifilament 자망 A형보다 이망성능이 우위하고 나망율비는 $m_A:m_B=1:1.8$이다. 2. 망목 75mm인 nylon-monofilament 자망 C형, D형이 망목 85mm인 nylon-monofilament 자망 E형 F형 보다 이망성능이 우위하고 이망율비는 $m_E{\cdot}F:m_C{\cdot}D=1:2.8$이다. 3. 망계 굵기가 120tex와 75tex이고 망목이 75m 및 85mm인 C, D, E, F, 형에서는 상호간의 우위는 모두 확인할 수 없었다.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.83-92
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• 1990

Adapting two step aeration system to a waste water treatment of W-paper manufactory as Full-Scale Plants, we drew a following conclusion from its practical working. 1. Because BOD removal efficiency was 20% in A-Stage, 90% in B-Stage and total removal efficiency was 97%. It worked treatment plant well and was suitable for effluent water standard as well. Because COD removal efficiency was 42% in A-stage, 71% in B-stage and the total removal efficiency was 94% COD control was possible in effluent water quality. 2. Treatment efficiency according to a load capacity was average 20% in 1.401 BOD kg/m3/d load of A-Stage and average 90% in 0.273 BOD kg/$\textrm {m}^3$ / d load of B-Stage. 3. Treatment efficiency according to a ratio of F/M was 2.657--5.024 kg BOD/kg MLSS/d in A-Stage and BOD removal efficiency was 16-261 in the same stage. The ratio of F/M was 0.068-0.094 kg BOD /kg MLSS/d and BOD removal efficiency ratio was 85-94%. Therefore treatment efficiency could be kept stably and volume of aeration tank could be reduced wholly. 4. Treatment efficiency according to MLSS appeared BOD 20%. COD 42%, in A-Stage and removal efficiency appeared BOD 90%, COD 71% in B-Stage. They were suitable for plan condition. 5. Because of working of complemented treatment plant by AB-Process. 20,000,000 Won a month was saved than the ordinary working cost. Therefore, it was assumed that invested cost could be recollected in 19 months or so consequently.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2000년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.391-395
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• 2000

In this study, the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency(TC $F_{r}$), dielectric and piezoelectric properties of Pb[(S $b_{1}$2/N $b_{1}$2/)$_{0.0035}$-(M $n_{1}$3/N $b_{2}$3/)$_{0.0065}$-(Z $r_{x}$ $Ti_{1-x}$ )$_{0.90}$] $O_3$ceramics is investigated with Zr/Ti ratio. The dielectric constant and electromechanical coupling factor( $k_{p}$) showed the highest values of 1257, 0.562 respectively when the Zr/Ti ratio is 49.5/50.5. The mechanical quality factor( $Q_{m}$) is the lowest value of 713 when the Zr/Ti ratio is 49.5/50.5, and increased with the decrease of the Zr/Ti ratio. The temperature coefficient of resonant frequency(TC $F_{r}$) change abruptly at the morphotropic phase boundary(MPB), which is between the rhombohedral phase with highly negative TC $F_{r}$ of -106ppm/$^{\circ}C$ and the tetragonal phase with highly positive TC $F_{r}$ of +64pp $m^{\circ}C$ as Zr/Ti ratio changes from 50/50 to 49.5/50.5.50.5..5.50.5.5.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2009

The effect of forging start temperature, forging ratio on the microstructure and mechanical properties of B7B4 steel ware investigated. Microstructure of centrifugal casted B7B4 steel consisted of martensite and ferrite phase. The volume fraction of ferrite increased with increase of forging start temperature and decreased with increase of forging ratio. Tensile strength and hardness decreased with higher of forging start temperature, while impact value and elongation increased with higher of forging start temperature. With increase of forging ratio, tensile strength rapidly increased up to the forging ratio of 30%, and then slowly increased, but elongation was decreased. Hardness and impact value rapidly increased with increase of forging ratio.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.201-205
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• 2023

Free adenine is mainly made during the polyamine synthesis in proliferating cells. Adenine molecule itself acts biological modulator in inflammation and cell death. In the previous report, we showed that adenine induces apoptotic cell death of B16-F10 mouse melanoma cells by eliciting of PARP and caspase 3 cleavages. In this study, we examined the adenine effect on other apoptotic molecules affecting caspase activation in B16-F10 melanoma cells. Adenine treatment make pro-apoptotic molecules active states. Bax/Bcl-2 ratio was increased and phosphorylation of mTOR and Akt was decreased in a dose dependent manner. These results showed the possibility that Bax/Bcl-2, Akt and mTOR are engaged in adenine induced apoptosis of melanoma cells.