• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.96-105
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• 2020

Sirtuin inhibitors are pharmaceutically and therapeutically valuable compounds that inhibit sirtuin, a type III histone deacetylase. Synthetic sirtuin inhibitors were discovered and characterized using cell-based screens in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and have been used in the study of aging, carcinogenesis, and diabetes, all of which are related to sirtuin function. For medical applications, synthetic inhibitors have been further developed for increased potency and specificity, including compounds containing nicotinamide, thioacetyl lysine, β-naphthol, and indole derivatives. Suramin, tenovin, and their analogues were developed as a result. Sirtuin inhibitors were found to affect organic development and have been used to genetically modify plants, although a sirtinol-resistant mutation in the biosynthesis of a molybdopterin cofactor for an aldehyde oxidase has been identified. Some natural flavonoids, and catechin and quercetin derivatives also act as sirtuin inhibitors have been studied to identify a more potent inhibitor for therapeutic purposes. In this review, sirtuin is introduced and the therapeutic inhibitors that have been developed are presented, particularly sirtinol which has been used for genetic modification in plants though it was not designed to be so. Sirtuin inhibitors with greater potency and selectivity are required and those developed in pharmaceutics should be used in plant research to identify more authentic sirtuins in plants.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.263-271
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• 2011

Rice is one of the most important food crops since it is consumed by approximately 60% of the world's population. The most abundant component of rice grain is starch that is an important source of energy. The second abundant component is protein, which is an important protein source for people in many developing countries that rarely take animal protein. However, the rice protein lacks the essential amino acid lysine. Therefore, nutritional improvement in the essential amino acid composition of rice proteins is required. On the other side, rice grain has attracted attention as a diet and health food in developed countries, because its proteins have superior physiological and food processing properties. Thus, nutritional improvements in rice seed proteins by changing amino acid composition or introducing an useful protein or peptide have been studied. This review aims at assessing the current research status of biosynthesis, accumulation, genetic improvement of seed storage proteins by mutation or genetic engineering in rice.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.157-163
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• 2002

Thirteen groups, each consisting of 25 juveniles (0.64 g) of the Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli were reared in aquaria after period of one week conditioning. Each group was fed with one of the 13 diets at the rate of 7~10% body weight (on a dry-matter basis) 2 times a day for 6 weeks. Each diet was supplemented with one of the following amino acids at 3g/kg diet: Alanine (Ala), Arginine (Arg), Glycine(Gly), Glutamate (Glu), Histidine (His), Isoleusine(Ile), Lysine (Lys), Methionine (Met), Phenylalanine (Phe), Proline (Pro), Threonine (Thr), Tryptophan (Trp) or Valine (Val). Groups fed with Pro, Thr, Met or Gly-supplemented diet showed significantly (p<0.05) higher weight gain and faster specific growth rate than the groups fed on other diets, while those fed Pro, Thr, Met or Gly were not significantly different each other(P>0.05). Feed efficiency (FE) of fish fed Pro was significantly higher than those fed the other diets except that fed Thr (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between FE of fish fed Pro and Thr, and among FE of fish fed Thr, Met and Gly (P>0.05). The requirement of rockfish is higher for Met and Thr. Extra Pro and/or Gly may also stimulate biosynthesis of the nucleic acids (IMP, GMP) which are known as the feed stimulant in fish.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.982-992
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• 2024

Objective: Jining Grey goat is a local Chinese goat breed that is well known for its high fertility and excellent meat quality but shows low meat production performance. Numerous studies have focused on revealing the genetic mechanism of its high fertility, but its highlighting meat quality and muscle growth mechanism still need to be studied. Methods: In this research, an integrative analysis of the genomics and transcriptomics of Jining Grey goats compared with Boer goats was performed to identify candidate genes and pathways related to the mechanisms of meat quality and muscle development. Results: Our results overlap among five genes (ABHD2, FN1, PGM2L1, PRKAG3, RAVER2) and detected a set of candidate genes associated with fatty acid metabolism (PRKAG3, HADHB, FASN, ACADM), amino acid metabolism (KMT2C, PLOD3, NSD2, SETDB1, STT3B, MAN1A2, BCKDHB, NAT8L, P4HA3) and muscle development (MSTN, PPARGC1A, ANKRD2). Several pathways have also been detected, such as the FoxO signaling pathway and Apelin signaling pathway that play roles in lipid metabolism, lysine degradation, N-glycan biosynthesis, valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation that involving with amino acid metabolism. Conclusion: The comparative genomic and transcriptomic analysis of Jining Grey goat and Boer goat revealed the mechanisms underlying the meat quality and meat productive performance of goats. These results provide valuable information for future breeding of goats.