• 대한수의학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.635-646
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• 1996

To establish the effective ways to prevent bovine mastitis, the study has been performed to investigate the attributable factors causing down-regulation of immune responses in mammary gland of non-lactating cows. Lymphocytes from peripheral blood and mammary gland secretions(MGS) were obtained from normal healthy cows and mastitic cows, respectively. Cellular immune responses were examined by comparison of proportion of lymphocyte subpopulations using a set of monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry. The results obtained are as follows. 1. Proportions of peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations expressing BoCD2 and BoCD4 molecules were 32.9%, 15.4% in mastitic cows and 43.3%, 28.3% in normal healthy cows, respectively. The ratios of BoCD4 to BoCD8 were 0.76 and 1.47, respectively. 2. Proportions of mammary gland lymphocyte subpopulations expressing BoCD2 and BoCD4 molecules were 18.5%, 8.3% in mastitic cows and 38.2%, 14.2% in normal healthy cows, respectively. The ratios of BoCD4 to BoCD8 were 0.6 and 2.0, respectively. 3. Proportions of T lymphocyte subpopulations from MGS were significantly lower than those from peripheral blood both in mastitic cows and normal healthy cows. However, lymphocyte subpopulations expressing ACT2 and ACT3, which represent activated T suppressor cells, were significantly higher in MGS than those in peripheral blood.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.179-185
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• 2010

The present study was undertaken to establish reference values for the composition blood lymphocyte populations and compare forty three Hanwoo neonatal calves (KC) with twenty one Holstein calves (HC) by blood cell count and immunophynotying. The percentages of CD2+, CD4+, CD8+, CD26+, ACT2+, MHC class, MHC class II and WC1+ T cells, B cells were determined by flow cytometry. The number of lymphocyte and monocyte in HC were higher than those of KC. However, the number of neutrophils was higher in HC than KC. The proportions of CD2+, CD4+, CD8+, MHC class, and WC1+ lymphocytes remained relatively stable during the study period, while there was a moderate increase in the relative percentage of CD26+, ACT2+, MHC class II and B cell from birth to approximately 3 weeks of age. Marked differences in the relative proportions of the lymphocyte subpopulations were noted between the individual calves. The present study shows that the T-cell subpopulations are present in peripheral blood of KC at levels comparable with HC, while the MHC class II and B cell population of KC increases significantly with age. The absolute number of WBC in KC was due to the decrease of absolute number of neutrophil rather than the increase of lymphocyte. The results indicated that KC have significantly higher number of neutrophils, and proportion of MHC class II and B cell than HC.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.147-152
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• 1989

The purpose of this study is to detect certain change in peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations in women with premature ovarian failure. The B cells, T cells and subsets were counted in 21 women with premature ovarian failure and 30 age-matched normal control women. The B cells were measured by identifying lymphocyte with surface membrane immunoglobulin and T cells and subsets by indirect immunofluorescence technique with the monoclonal antibodies OK T3, OK T4, and OK T8. The results were as follows. 1. No significant difference in the absolute number of B cells, T cells and subsets between women with premature ovarian failure and normal control women was observed. 2. The percentage of B cells, T cells and OK T8(+) cells in women with premature ovarian failure was not significantly different from that in normal control subjects respectively. 3. The percentage of OK T4(+) cells and OK T4/0K T8(+) ratio was significantly higher in women with premature ovarian failure than in control subjects.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.463-469
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• 2013

Cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) is mainly expressed on $CD4^+$ T cells, which plays an important role in immune response. The aim of this study was to detect the association between polymorphisms of the CD4 gene and T lymphocyte subpopulations in pigs, and to investigate the effects of genetic variation on the CD4 gene expression level in immune tissues. Five missense mutations in the CD4 gene were identified using DNA pooling sequencing assays, and two main haplotypes (CCTCC and AGCTG) in strong linkage disequilibrium (with frequencies of 50.26% and 46.34%, respectively) were detected in the population of Large White pigs. Our results indicated that the five SNPs and the two haplotypes were significantly associated with the proportions of $CD4^-CD8^-$, $CD4^+CD8^+$, $CD4^+CD8^-$, $CD4^+$ and $CD4^+/CD8^+$ in peripheral blood (p<0.05). Gene expression analysis showed the mRNA level of the CD4 gene in thymus was significantly higher than that in lymph node and spleen (p<0.05). However, no significant difference was observed between animals with CCTCC/CCTCC genotype and animals with AGCTG/AGCTG genotype in the three immune tissues (p>0.05). These results indicate that the CD4 gene may influence T lymphocyte subpopulations and can be considered as a candidate gene affecting immunity in pigs.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.286-292
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• 2016

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of chronical exposure to high-level dusts on cellular immune function. Methods: The subjects were 110 male workers, among whom 60 were chronically exposed to high-level dusts in mica, limestone and iron mines. The remaining 50 were office workers. Ambient total, respirable dust and crystalline silica in the workplace were sampled using personal air samplers and analyzed according to NIOSH method 0500. Serum levels of hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxide and superoxide misutase activity were measured using absorption chromatography. The subpopulations of CD4+, CD8+, natural killer cells (CD16+) and CD3+ T-lymphocytes were examined by two-color staining using monoclonal antibodies. Results: The concentration of hydrogen peroxide was significantly higher in exposed workers and superoxide dismutase activity was significantly higher in control workers. No significant difference in numbers of T-lymphocyte subpopulations were observed between exposed and control workers. A significant correlation in exposed workers was observed among total dusts, respirable dusts and crystalline silica. Hydrogen peroxide was significantly correlated with total dust (r=0.720, p<0.01), respirable dust (r=0.770, p<0.01) and crystalline silica (r=0.678, p<0.01). Concentration of hydrogen peroxide showed a significantly negative correlation with numbers of CD8+ cells (r=-0.274, p<0.01), CD3+ cells (r=-0.222, p<0.01) and natural killer cells (r=-0.556, p<0.01). Conclusions: These results suggest that chronical exposure to high-level dust affects cellular immune function and effects might mediate through reactive oxygen species and inflammatory response.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.300-314
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• 1993

Periodontal disease research has been focused on understanding the immunopathologic mechanisms which may operate in the development and maintenance of peiodontal inflammatory changes. Immunologic and inflammatory responses may relate to the etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal disease. In order to research immunopathology of periodontal disease, previous investigators have spent much time on the distribution of lymphocyte subpopulations and NK cells but they have spent less time on the changes of those cells to the periodontal disease severity. The purpose of study was performed to investigate the changes of the distribution of T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, T lymphocyte subsets, and Natural Killer cells in the gingival epithelium and connective tissue of the periodontal disease with the various clinical parameters including Gingival Index, Sulcular Bleeding Index, and pocket depth. Gingival tissues were obtained from 25 patients with different severity of periodontal disease. Serial cryostat sections displaying a cross section of gingiva were labelled with monoclonal antibody for pan T cells, T cytotoxic/suppressor cells, T helper/inducer cells, pan B cells, and NK cells were develped using an avidin-biotin-peroxidase system. Lymphocyte populations were enumerated in repeatable fields from gingival section. 1. T cells were more increased at grade 1 and 3 than at grade 0 of gingival index (p<0.05). Helper T cells and NK cells were significantly increased at grade 1, 2, 3 than at grade 0(p<0.05). 2. T cells were more decreased at grade 3 and 4 than at grade 1 of sulcular bleeding index (p<0.01, p<0.05). Especially, Natural Killer cells were significantly increased at grade 1, 2, 3, 4 than at grade 0 (p<0.05, p<0.001). 3. The ratios of helper T/suppressor T cells were more decreased at grade 4 than at grade 0 and at grade 4 than at grade 2 of sulcular bleeding index (p<0.05, p<0.05). 4. Helper T cells were significantly decreased at grade II and III than at grade I, however the Natural Killer cells showed a increasing tendency with the increase of the pocket depth, there were no significant differences between each grade of pocket depth. 5. The ratios of helper T/suppressor T cells were tended to be decreased with the increase of the pocket depth, there were no significant differences between each grades of pocket depth. There was a very weak change in the distribution of T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, T lymphocyte subsets, and Natural Killer cells in the gingival epithelium and connective tissue of the periodontal lesion with the various clinical parameters including gingial index, sulcular bleeding index, and pocket depth. But, the number of T lymphocytes and Natural Killer cells were significantly changed in gingival index and sulcular bleeding index.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.305-312
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• 2016

Purpose: The objective of this prospective study was to evaluate the relationship between the circulating lymphocyte subpopulation counts during preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and tumor response in locally advanced rectal cancer. Materials and Methods: From August 2015 to June 2016, 10 patients treated with preoperative CRT followed by surgery were enrolled. Patients received conventional fractionated radiotherapy (50.4 Gy) with fluorouracil-based chemotherapy. Surgical resection was performed at 4 to 8 weeks after the completion of preoperative CRT. The absolute blood lymphocyte subpopulation was obtained prior to and after 4 weeks of CRT. We analyzed the association between a tumor response and change in the lymphocyte subpopulation during CRT. Results: Among 10 patients, 2 (20%) had evidence of pathologic complete response. In 8 patients with clinically node positive, 4 (50%) had nodal tumor response. All lymphocyte subpopulation counts at 4 weeks after CRT were significantly lower than those observed during pretreatment (p < 0.01). A high decrease in natural killer (NK) cell, count during CRT (baseline cell count - cell count at 4 weeks) was associated with node down staging (p = 0.034). Conclusion: Our results suggest that the change of lymphocyte subset to preoperative CRT may be a predictive factor for tumor response in rectal cancer.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.90-99
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• 2003

There are several data in the literature indicating a great variety of pharmacological activities of Polypodium genus, which exhibit antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. Since one of our main interests is to obtain natural immunoregulatory agents devoid of pharmacological adverse effects, we used flow cytometry analysis to highlight relative contributions of a water-soluble fraction of different concentrations of Polypodium rhizome extracts on lymphocyte subpopulations, NK and LAK activity. To measure their potential immunoregulatory activity a T cell proliferation assay in response to phytohemaglutinin (PHA) and mixed lymphocyte reactions were chosen. As a confirmatory bioassay we studied the effect of our extracts on CD45RO and CD95 antigen expressions. The results indicate that CD95 expression dramatically increases after peripheral blood lymphocyte activation and treatment with Polypodium leucotomus, cambricum and vulgare extracts, suggesting a powerful intrinsic pro-apoptotic effect.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.333-340
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• 2015

This study measured the plasma and liver concentrations of cytokines, the distribution of blood lymphocyte subpopulations (CD4 and CD8), plasma levels of nitrite (NO₃^–) and nitrate (NO₂^–), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant 1 (CINC-1), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and peritoneal lavage fluid (PLF) levels of monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) and CINC-1 in order to examine the anti-inflammatory activity of the cinnamon extract in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-exposed rats. The plasma concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were lower in the cinnamon extract groups than in the control group at both 2 and 5 h after LPS injection. Furthermore, the liver concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were lower in the cinnamon extract groups than in the control group at 5 h after LPS injection. Plasma IL-10 concentrations were higher in the cinnamon extract groups than in the control group at both 2 and 5 h after LPS injection, and liver concentrations of IL-10 did not differ significantly among all treatment groups at 5 h after LPS injection. The distribution of CD4 tended to increase, and that of CD8 tended to decrease in the cinnamon extract groups. The CD4/CD8 ratio was increased in the cinnamon extract groups. The plasma concentrations of NO₃^–/NO₂^–, ICAM-1, CINC-1, and PGE2 and the PLF concentrations of MCP-1 and CINC-1 exhibited a tendency to decrease in the cinnamon extract groups. These results indicate that cinnamon extract can exert functional anti-inflammatory effects.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.53-59
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• 1996

목적 : 암환자에서 방사선치료에 의한 면역기능의 저하에 대해서는 많은 보고가 되어 있다. 저자들은 방사선치료부위중 비교적 활동성 골수를 많이 포함하고 있는 흥부 및 골반강조사 직후 어느정도 면역력의 저하가 오는지 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1995년 1월부터 1995년 4월까지 등록된 61 명의 환자중 48 명을 대상으로 분석 하였다. 이중 흉부(조사문, >$150cm^2$)에 방사선치료를 시행한 환자는 29명이었고 전골반강부에 방사선치료를 시행한 환자는 19명 이었다. 연령분포는 36세에서 73세 였으며 평균 및 중간값 모두 57세 였으며 남녀비는 1.3(27/21)이었다. 환자의 면역기능의 지표는 말초혈액검사에서 전혈구 및 감별혈구계산(CBC with D/C), 간기능검사, 신장기능검사 및 림프구아형검사(CD3, CD4, CD8, CDl6, CD56, CDl9)를 시행 하였으며, 검사시기는 방사선치료 직전과 4500 cGy - 5000 cGy 선량에서 동일 검사를 반복시행 하였으며, 1980cGy에서는 전혈구 및 감별혈구계산만 시행하였다. 결과 : 전체환자의 치료전 백혈구 총수는 7017이었으며 방사선치료직후 평균 4470으로 감소하였다(p=0.0000). 감별혈구계산에서는, 림프구수는 평균 2047 에서 537 로(p=0.0000) 로 감소하였고, 호중구, 호염구세포의 절대수도 통계학적으로 유의한 감소를 보였으나, 단핵세포는 변화가 없었으며, 호산구세포는 오히려 방사선치료후 증가하였으나 통계적인 의의는 없었다. 림프구아형에 대한 검사결과는, 모든아형의 절대수가 통계학적으로 유의한 감소를 보였으며, CD4/CD8비는 치료전 평균 1.09에서 0.99로 감소 하였으나 통계적인 유의성은 없었다. 전체 림프구에 대한 비율의 변화를 보면, B림프구(CD 19)는 감소하였으나, 그외 아형의 비율은 방사선치료후 변화를 보이지 않았다. 혈청면역글로불린은 초기 Ig, G, Ig A, Ig M 모두 정상값보다 눌은 수치였으며, 방사선치료에 따른 변화는 Ig M에서만이 통계적으로 유의한 감소를 보였으며, Ig G, A는유의한 변화가 없었다. 결론 : 흉부나 골반강부위의 방사선치료는 림프구의 급격한 저하를 초래하는 반면 단핵구등은 비교적 잘 유지 되었으며, 호산구는 오히려 증가 됨을 알수 있었으나, 인체의 면역과의 관계를 설명하기 위해서는 림프구의 기능변화가 함께 연구 되어져야 하겠다.