• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.347-370
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• 2019

In the computer-aided detection (CAD) system of pulmonary nodules, a high false positive rate is common because the density and the computed tomography (CT) values of the vessel and the nodule in the CT images are similar, which affects the detection accuracy of pulmonary nodules. In this paper, a method of automatic detection of pulmonary nodules based on multi-scale enhancement filters and 3D shape features is proposed. The method uses an iterative threshold and a region growing algorithm to segment lung parenchyma. Two types of multi-scale enhancement filters are constructed to enhance the images of nodules and blood vessels in 3D lung images, and most of the blood vessel images in the nodular images are removed to obtain a suspected nodule image. An 18 neighborhood region growing algorithm is then used to extract the lung nodules. A new pulmonary nodules feature descriptor is proposed, and the features of the suspected nodules are extracted. A support vector machine (SVM) classifier is used to classify the pulmonary nodules. The experimental results show that our method can effectively detect pulmonary nodules and reduce false positive rates, and the feature descriptor proposed in this paper is valid which can be used to distinguish between nodules and blood vessels.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.408-412
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• 2024

Fetal lung interstitial tumor (FLIT), which is characterized by immature interstitial cells resembling the fetal lung parenchyma of 20 to 24 weeks of gestation, is a rare respiratory neoplasm. This study presents the first reported FLIT in Korea. It also aims to refine the diagnostic method of FLIT and increase the accuracy of prognostic assessment by using next-generation sequencing to check for anaplastic lymphoma receptor tyrosine kinase (anaplastic lymphoma kinase) gene rearrangement. Although the initial prognosis for FLIT has been promising since its first report in 2010, certain pathological features are associated with poorer outcomes. Therefore, achieving an accurate diagnosis of FLIT is crucial for avoiding unnecessary treatments beyond surgical resection.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.23-28
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• 1983

steroid가 폐절제에 의한 대상성증식기의 폐장의 압력-용적곡선에 어떤 영양을 미칠 것인가를 알아보기 위해 실시한 본 실험의 결과를 요약하면 폐절제군은 대조군에 비해 폐용압률이 증가하였고 폐절제후 반대측폐장의 무게는 대조군에 비해 폐절제군이 유의하게 증가하였고 폐절제후 betamethasone을 투여한 군에 있어서는 대조군에 비해서는 증가하였으나 폐절제군보다는 적게 증가하였다. 또한 이러한 결과들은 betamethasone에 의해 폐포표면활성물질의 분비가 증가하였거나 혹은 betamethasone이 폐장실질의 결합조직의 단백대사에 영향을 미쳐 elastic recoil force가 감소하여 생긴 결과라고 생각된다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.253-255
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• 2017

A 2-year-old, female Pomeranian dog was referred for dyspnea. Thoracic radiographs revealed left-sided mediastinal shift, increased soft tissue opacity in the caudal aspect of left thorax with loss of the left diaphragmatic silhouette, and dorsal elevation of mediastinal structures and heart from the sternum by lung tissue. The left main bronchus was visualized as an air-bronchogram and observed to abruptly discontinue at the level of the 10th rib. Thoracic computed tomography (CT) revealed absence of the left lung parenchyma and left pulmonary vessels with a rudimentary left main bronchus. The case was congenital pulmonary aplasia diagnosed via radiography and CT.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제69권3호
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• pp.212-216
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• 2010

Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia is a very rare benign disease and usually shows consolidation on chest X-ray with symptoms of pneumonia due to the proliferation of lymphoid cells in the lung parenchyma. It is common for patients to be diagnosed with pneumonia and treated with antibiotics, but patients often enter a cycle of repeated improvement, followed by aggravation of symptoms. At this point, surgical diagnostic tools are considered in order to differentiate between malignant disease and interstitial lung disease. Here, we report 2 cases of patients with nodular lymphoid hyperplasia and review the associated references.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제78권3호
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• pp.258-261
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• 2015

Eosinophilic lung diseases are heterogeneous disorders characterized by varying degrees of pulmonary parenchyma or blood eosinophilia. Causes of eosinophilic lung diseases range from drug ingestion to parasitic or fungal infection as well as idiopathic. The exact pathogenesis of eosinophilic lung disease remains unknown. Urushiol chicken can frequently cause allergic reactions. Contact dermatitis (both local and systemic) represents the most-common side effect of urushiol chicken ingestion. However, there has been no previous report of lung involvement following urushiol chicken ingestion until now. A 66-year-old male was admitted to our hospital with exertional dyspnea. Serial chest X-ray revealed multiple migrating infiltrations in both lung fields, with eosinophilic infiltration revealed by lung biopsy. The patient had ingested urushiol chicken on two occasions within the 2 weeks immediately prior to disease onset. His symptoms and migrating lung lesions were resolved following administration of oral corticosteroids.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제72권1호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2012

Background: A lung bulla may rarely shrink as a result of an inflammation within the bulla or a closing of a bronchus involved in the inflammation process, which is termed 'autobullectomy'. The purpose of this study was to describe clinical features of patients with regressions of bullae during follow-up. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the cases and individuals who showed unequivocal evidence of interval regressions in a pre-existing bulla. A total of 477 cases with a bulla >5 cm in diameter were screened manually. Thirty cases with bullae that showed regression during follow-up were selected. Results: Regressions of large bullae occurred in 30 of 477 cases (6.3%). The median age of those patients was 61 (range, 53~66) years and 87% of those patients were men. The main cause of a bulla was emphysema (80%). Among 30 cases, 16 cases had pneumonia in the lung parenchyma of the peribullous area. Another 7 cases had a regressed bulla accompanied by an air-fluid level within the bulla. The remaining 7 cases showed a spontaneous regression of the bulla without such events. Complete regression of a bulla occurred in 25 cases. A follow-up chest-X ray showed that in all cases except one, the bulla remained in a collapsed state after 24 months. Forced expiratory volume in one second ($FEV_1$) improved in 3 cases and the other 2 cases had increased forced vital capacity (FVC). In addition, total lung capacity (TLC) and residual volume (RV) decreased in another 2 cases. Conclusion: Regression of a lung bulla occurred not only after pneumonia or the presence of air-fluid level within the bulla, but also without such episodes. The clinical course of regression of a lung bulla varied. After regression of a bulla, lung function could be improved in some cases.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.184-191
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• 2002

We investigated the role of vitamin C or rutin on neuropathy and lung damage of diabetic mellitus(DM) rats. Norepinephrine content was significantly decreased in sciatic nerves of DM rats compared with non-DM controls but vitamin C had no effect on decreases of norepinephrine. 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) incorporation, which is biomarker of protein oxidation, was increased in sciatic nerve of DM rats as compared with normal control. However, vitamin C had no effects on increases of DNPH incorporation . We measured the content of conjugated dienes (CD) as a biomarker of lipid oxidation in sciatic nerve. CD was increased in DM as compared with normal control, Vitamin C or rutin had no effects on increases of CD. However, Rutin plus vitamin C significantly decreased the content of CD as compared with CIM rats. In lung of DM rats, DNPH incorporation or CD was increased as compared with normal control. Vitamin C or Rutin had no effects on increases of CD However, Rutin plus vitamin C significantly decreased the content of DNPH incorporation or CD in lung tissue. Vitamin C caused marked pathological changes such as the increases of parenchyma and the thickening of alveolar septa in the lung of DM. Rutin had protective effects on the pathological changes in the lung of DM rats. In conclusion, Vitamin C had no effects on oxidative parameter, such as DNPH incorporation or CD, and on the decreases of norepinephrine content in DM rats. Vitamin C caused the marked pathological changes in the lung of DM rats but rutin had protective efforts against the pathological changes.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.1385-1391
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• 1996

흉막의 고립성 섬유성 종양은 과거 중피종의 한 형태로 알려져 있으며 중피종과 흔돈하여 쓰여 왔으나 최근에는 중피하에 존재하는 미분화 중배엽성 기원의 섬유세포에서 기원하고 있는 종양으로 해석된다. 환자는 65세 여자로 우측흉통과기침 및 호흡곤란을 주소로 본원에 입원하여 흉부 방사선 및 전산화 단층 촬영상 우측 흉강내에 고형성 종괴가 발견되었다. 수술소견상 종괴의 크기와 무게는 12$\times$12$\times$6mm, 400mm 이었으며, 폐 실질내로 침윤하였고 세기관지 내강을 따라 성장한 부분이 관찰되었다. 또한 종괴는 횡경막과 벽측 흉막 및 폐실질에 다발성으로 전이 되어 있었다. 병리학적으로, 종괴는 세포밀도가 높았고, 판상배열을 보이는 등글거나 난원형 또는 짧은 방추형의 세포로 이루어졌으며, 10배의 고배율 시야에서 3개의 유사분열이 관찰되었다. 면역조직화학 염색상 vimentin과 actin에 미만성 강양성 반응을 보였고 전자현미경적으로 조면 세포질내세망이 풍부하며 세포접합부나 미세응모는 관찰되지 않아서 악성 고립성 섬유성 종양에 합당하였다. 본 교실에서는 흉막에 발생한 악성 고립성 섬유성 종양을 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고한다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.269-276
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• 2020

Fibrosis is characterized by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix components. The fibrotic process ultimately leads to organ dysfunction and failure in chronic inflammatory and metabolic diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis, advanced kidney disease, and liver cirrhosis. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a common form of progressive and chronic interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology. Pathophysiologically, the parenchyma of the lung alveoli, interstitium, and capillary endothelium becomes scarred and stiff, which makes breathing difficult because the lungs have to work harder to transfer oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveolar space and bloodstream. The transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway plays an important role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis and scarring of the lung tissue. Recent clinical trials focused on the development of pharmacological agents that either directly or indirectly target kinases for the treatment of IPF. Therefore, to develop therapeutic targets for pulmonary fibrosis, it is essential to understand the key factors involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis and the underlying signaling pathway. The objective of this review is to discuss the role of kinase signaling cascades in the regulation of either TGF-β-dependent or other signaling pathways, including Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase, c-jun N-terminal kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5, and p90 ribosomal S6 kinase pathways, and potential therapeutic targets in IPF.