• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.226-233
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to investigate the exercise limit that may occur depending on changes in postural alignment by examining the significance of postural alignment changes, foot pressure, and balance of patients with stroke. Methods: In this study, 50 patients diagnosed with a stroke were selected as subjects. Imbalance of postural alignment of the trunk, pelvic tilt of trunk rotation of the body, angle of kyphotic curving of the thoracic, and angle of lordotic curving of the lumbar vertebra were measured. Foot pressure was examined by measuring average pressure and weight bearing. Balance was examined by measuring the center of pressure and limit of stability. Results: The significance of postural alignment, foot pressure, and weight bearing of the non-paretic side was examined. In addition, the significance between postural alignment and balance was examined. Conclusion: It is thought that limits of foot pressure and balance in the standing position can be caused by postural alignment. Thus, both a therapeutic intervention program and postural alignment training should be provided together in order to improve the function of patients with stroke.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.183-193
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of performing Pilates exercises for eight weeks on the isokinetic trunk strength and balance of female middle school students with lumbago. Methods: Twenty-four female students who met the test requirements were recruited and randomly divided into a control group (CG, n = 16) and a Pilates exercise group (Pilates group; PG, n = 8). The PG performed a Pilates program, which consisted of lumbar muscle strengthening exercises, for 60 minutes three times a week for eight weeks. Data analysis was conducted by two-way repeated ANOVA, and a Bonferroni test was carried out when significant differences appeared. The alpha level was set at 0.05. Results: Following the experimental treatment, the PG showed an increased trunk flexion peak torque of 17% and 13% at angular velocities of 180°/sec and 300°/sec, respectively. The intergroup comparison showed no significant difference at pre-measurement, while the PG increased about 31% (180°/sec) and 15% (300°/sec) higher than the control group at post-measurement. Following the experimental treatment, the PG showed an increased trunk extensor peak torque of approximately 29% and 21% at angular velocities of 180°/sec and 300°/sec, respectively. The intergroup comparison showed no significant difference at pre-measurement, while the PG increased approximately 27% (180°/sec) and 15% (300°/sec) higher than the control group at post-measurement. Both the CG and the PG showed a 20% and 50% decrease in pain index after the experimental treatment, respectively. After the experimental treatment, the PG had about 50% lower pain than the CG. The average error rate of static balance in the PG reduced by 19% from 3.28±0.45 to 2.65±0.36, confirming a significant improvement. Conclusion: Regular Pilates exercise for eight weeks improved the isokinetic trunk muscle strength of female middle school students with lumbago and relieved their pain. Pilates was also shown to be effective in improving balance.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.483-487
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• 2020

In this study, the effects of suspension training according to the types of ground. Fourteen healthy male college students measured for the characteristics of core muscle activity in suspension training on two different types of grounds, normal flat and unstable ground using a gym ball. EMG (Electromyography) was exploited to measure the activity of the core muscles according to the types of the ground. Muscle activity of the abdominal muscles, external oblique muscles, internal oblique muscles, and lower lumbar standing muscles was measured. The variables in analyses were measured by the means of % MVC method to standardize the EMG signal according to the ground type for each core muscle. In order to verify the differences in core muscles according to the type of ground the paired t-tests were performed at the significance level of 0.05 (p<.05). As a result of measuring the activity of the core muscles according to the various types of grounds, the difference between muscle characteristics obtained in two different grounds did not appear to be statistically significant. However, the result is an important clue to reconsider the notion that the training effect on the unstable ground is generally superior to the effect on the stable ground in the core muscle training. The type of ground in the core muscle training has been found not to significantly affect the muscle activation according to the results of this study. Regardless of the type of exercise program, hence, the difference in muscle activation will not be insignificant even with the standardized program strengthening core muscles.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.346-356
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• 2018

Overweight and abdominal obesity caused by sedentary lifestyle may induce deconditioned and atrophied extensor musculature of the lumbar spine and be a potential risk factor for low back pain (LBP). Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the validity of high intensity circuit training (HICT) on weight loss and subsequent alleviation of spine curvature (SC) and visual analog scale (VAS) among middle aged men with abdominal obesity. The training program (1 exercise session for 30 minutes, three times a week for 12 weeks) consisted of 12 different functional exercises based on core strengthening multiple joint circuit training. Portions of the obesity index related to body composition were positively changed, which improved the angles of thoracic kyposis and lumbar lordosis, which appeared to effectively reduce lower back pain. Taken together, HICT specifically designed for LBP effectively decreased obesity related body composition and was superior to other treatments for decreasing aggravation of the spine curvature and LBP caused by abdominal obesity; however, weight loss should be the primary treatment target for LBP patients.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.265-284
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• 2001

The case management has been applied to improve the quality of care and the cost-effectiveness in the most health care institutions. In a way of case management, the critical pathway(CP) has been executed in many acute care settings, focused on the diagnoses with high cost, high volume, and high risk. This study was conducted to develop a case management program using CP as an intervention of patients with lumbar spinal stenosis for the surgery of posterolateral fusion, and to find out the effects of the critical pathway on the quality of nursing care, patient satisfaction as an outcome of care, length of stay and medical charge, and nurses' job satisfaction. At the same time, patients' functional states were checked with the Oswestry Low Back Pain Index, to show that the CP would not decrease the patients' function compared to the control group. The subjects were 25 control patients with a usual operation of lumbar fusion and 25 experimental patients with CP. They were all female, aged $50s{\sim}70s$, admitted in the Orthopedic surgery ward of a university hospital. Also nurses on the floor using CP were asked to respond to measurement tool of job satisfaction before and after the application of CP, and compared with other nurses on the different wards. Data were analyzed with t-test for continuous variables and chi-square for non-parametric variables in addition to the reliability test of the measurement tools. The results of this study were as followings: 1. Patients' functional states The differences in Oswestry scores of the experimental and control groups assessed at preoperation and at discharge were not statistically significant. The change in scores of the experimental group measured at preoperation and at discharge was larger than that of the control group, however the difference was not statistically significant. The results indicate that the CP did not decrease the patients' functional status. 2. The quality of nursing care The total of quality of nursing care given to the experimental group was better than that of the control group(P=.000). In addition, the experimental group showed better scores of quality of every item of care than the control group(P=.000 -.004). 3. Patient satisfaction Patients of the experimental group were not more satisfied with general care than the control group. But they were more satisfied with discharge care of 'explanation about medication, body posture, and brace application' and 'explanation about the adjustment of daily living and exercise during recovery'(P= .047, P=.028). 4. Nurses' job satisfaction Nurses working with the CP showed more job satisfaction than before the CP introduction(P=.048). But the control group of nurses on a different floor showed no change in job satisfaction at the same period of time. 5. Length of stay and medical charge The mean length of stay of the experimental group was shorter than that of the control group without statistical significance. The charge of medication and treatment of the experimental group were smaller than that of the control group(P=.011, P=.000). The results of the study support that the case management using critical pathway enables to improve the quality of care and job satisfaction, to reduce the medical charge, and consequently to increase satisfaction with care. However, the case management should be instituted focusing on the quality improvement of nursing and the client satisfaction, not just for the purpose of cost-effectiveness of health care facilities.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.429-434
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• 2016

This study was performed in order to identify the relation between bone nineral density and life styles of some of Korean colleage students. A total of 121 college students were assessed through bone mineral density test on femoral neck and lumbar spine using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry(DEXA). The survey about their lifestyles with a self-rating questionnaire, was conducted from September 2014 to November 2014. SPSS 18.0 Program was used for those research data analyses such as the frequency analysis, the cross analysis. The percentage of the osteoporisis, osteopenia and normal groups were 0.0%, 24.8% and 75.2%. BMI, Regular menstrual cycle, Walking and Regular exercise in adolescence were positively related with T-score. But Using time of electronic devices was negative related with T-score. It can be concluded that desirable life style in time of college students and adolescence is important for their bone health. The necessity of preparing guideline for preventing bone disease in old age connected with the school curriculum should be recognized to the public and educational authorities.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.531-538
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• 2009

This study examined the musculoskeletal symptom experience rate of some dental clinic workers and the factors influencing musculoskeletal symptoms according to their working environment and health habit. To that end, between March 9 and March 28, 2009, 200 workers at dental clinics in Chungcheong-do were surveyed using the self-administered questionnaire method. The data were analyzed using the SPSS WIN 12.0 program. The following conclusion was reached. 1. One-year musculoskeletal symptom experience rates of the subjects were categorized according to pans of the body: shoulders - 60.5%, lower limbs (legs, knees, and feet) - 57.0%, the lumbar region (back and waist) - 56.0%, the neck - 51.0% and the upper limbs (arms, wrists, and fingers) - 32.0%. 2. In general characteristics, a statistically significant difference was found according to gender, age, education, position, and oral health state. In working environments, a statistically significant difference was found according to work experience, the average daily number of patients handled, the average daily working hours, the posture for diagnosis, and satisfaction over work. In health habit, a statistically significant difference was found according to regular exercise, regular examination, and regular eating habit. 3. Factors influencing musculoskeletal symptoms were examined. As a result, influencing the musculoskeletal symptom experience were satisfaction over work among working environment characteristics, and regular exercise among health habit characteristics.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.98-107
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate Bone Mineral Density(BMD) and affecting factors on BMD of college women in Seoul. The subjects were 47 healthy college women aged 18-25 years. Antrophometric and body fat measurements were performed by Bioelectrical Impedance Fatness Analyzer(Tanita TVF 202). Blood pressure and pulse frequency were measured. Dietary intakes and general living habits were examined through questionnaires and nutrient intakes were analyzed by Computer Aided Nutritional Analysis(CAN) program for professional. Serum total cholesterol, TG(triglyceride), HDL-cholesterol, total protein, albumin, GOT, calcium were measured by Spotchem(SP-4410). Serum osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase(ALP) were measured to monitor bone formation. BMD of lumbar spine(L2-L4), right hip(neck, ward's triangle, trochanter) and right forearm were measured by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry(DEXA). Muscle strength was measured by examining leg flexion strength(right and left), leg extension power(right and left), handgrip power(right and left) and back strength. All data were statistically analyzed by the SAS PC package program. BMD of college women was normal(by WHO, 1994). Their muscle strength was bad(by national fitness guidebook, 1995). Only a mall number of them exercised (32.6% of subjects). There was no significant difference among BMD, muscle strength and % body fat(p<0.05). There were significant differences between BMD and total cholesterol as well as TG and VLDL-cholesterol(p<0.05). Total cholesterol was associated with decreasing BMD of the right forearm(p<0.05). TG and VLDL-cholesterol are associated with increasing BMD of right hip ward's triangle(p<0.05). There were significant differences among BMD, ALP and serum total protein. ALP was associated with decreasing BMD of the right forearm(p<0.05). There were significant differences between BMD and Ca as well as between Na and K intakes (p<0.05). Intakes of Na and K were associated with decreasing BMD of the right forearm (UD)(p<0.05). There were significant differences between in BMD and pulse frequently and serum albumin (p<0.05). Serum albumin is associated with increasing BMD of L3-L4(p<0.05), right hip neck(p<0.05). %Body fat, TG, VLDL-C, Ca intake, pulse frequency and serum albumin were associated with increasing BMD(p<0.05). Intakes of Na and K, ALP, total cholesterol, total cholesterol, total protein and height are associated with decreasing BMD(p<0.05). Overall results indicate that Ca intake but to be moderate in protein and Na intakes in order to increase BMD. Body exercise was recommended to increase BMD as well.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.21-25
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• 2006

Objective: The purposes of this study are to provide fundamental data and a rehabilitation program in physical therapy. It has been operated by 30 male college students for lumbar isokinetic exercises. Method : Subjects have been carried out in an experiment by Biodex system operating isokinetic torso rotation. This performance was activated by left rotation after right rotation repeatedly. Results: 1. The mean peak torques at $60^{\circ}$/sec were $95.6{\pm}20.62$ (Rt) and $93.84{\pm}18.41$ (Lt). 2. The mean peak torques/body weight at $60^{\circ}$/sec were $69.28{\pm}28.31$ (Rt) and $67.07{\pm}27.04$ (Lt). 3. The total works in right side at $60^{\circ}$/sec and $180^{\circ}$/sec were $492.21{\pm}92.37$, $1294.97{\pm}278.96$ and in left side at $60^{\circ}$/sec and $180^{\circ}$/sec were $515.78{\pm}109.47$, $1443.74{\pm}329.67$. 4. The work to body weight ratio at $60^{\circ}$/sec was $78.30{\pm}32.37$ (Rt) and $79.93{\pm}37.30$ (Lt). 5. The average powers in right side at $60^{\circ}$/sec and $180^{\circ}$/sec were $76.75{\pm}16.69$, $117.19{\pm}29.94$ and in left side at $60^{\circ}$/sec and $180^{\circ}$/sec were $78.54{\pm}18.58$, $125.39{\pm}32.90$. 6. The work fatigue at $180^{\circ}$/sec was $21.76{\pm}14.82$ (Rt) and $19.66{\pm}26.23$ (Lt). Conclusion: In right side and left side, there was no significant difference in peak torque. peak torque/body weight, work to body-weight ratio, average power of trunk rotators at $60^{\circ}$/sec(p<0.05). However there was a significant difference in the total work of trunk rotators at $60^{\circ}$/sec(p>0.05). Also there was a significant difference in the average of trunk rotators at $180^{\circ}$/sec(p>0.05).

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether 12-weeks of movement training would increase the psoas major cross-sectional area (CSA) in senior men and women. Fifty eight men and women aged 65 to 80 years old ($69.6{\pm}3.7$, 30 male, 28 female) were divided into a control (n=19) and exercise group (n=39). Subjects were assessed before and after the training program for stature, body mass, and magnetic resonance imaging of the psoas major and the quadriceps muscle. The experimental group performed exercises using machines designed to improve the movement of the hip at a frequency of twice every week, with a total of 23 trainings in 12-weeks. Magnetic resonance images of both thighs and the abdomen and psoas major were obtained, aimed at 50% of the length of the greater trochanter and the lower edge of the femur and between the fourth (L4) and fifth (L5) lumbars. A 9.4% increase in the psoas major CSA in the training group was observed. In the male and female breakdown, a 11.5% and 8.4% change was observed in males and females, respectively. In the quadriceps, there was no significant statistical improvement in either males or females. Furthermore, in the control group, there was no significant change seen in either the psoas major or the quadriceps. As a result of conducting training that enables upkeep of posture and smooth linkage of the lumbar spine, the pelvis and thighbone, the psoas major CSA of older adults were improved in a short period of time. For this reason, the possibility of improving the psoas CSA, which decreases remarkably with increased age, by improving the linkage of the body trunk is also suggested.