• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.208-213
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• 2007

With the help of a development and popularization of microarray technology that enable to us to simultaneously investigate the expression pattern of thousands of genes, the toxicogenomics experimenters can interpret the genome-scale interaction between genes exposed in toxicant or toxicant-related environment. The ultimate and primary goal of toxicogenomics identifies functional context among the group of genes that are differentially or similarly coexpressed under the specific toxic substance. On the other side, public reference databases with transcriptom, proteom, and biological pathway information are needed for the analysis of these complex omics data. However, due to the heterogeneous and independent nature of these databases, it is hard to individually analyze a large omics annotations and their pathway information. Fortunately, several web sites of the public database provide information linked to other. Nevertheless it involves not only approriate information but also unnecessary information to users. Therefore, the systematically integrated database that is suitable to a demand of experimenters is needed. For these reasons, we propose SOP (Search of Omics Pathway) database system which is constructed as the integrated biological database converting heterogeneous feature of public databases into combined feature. In addition, SOP offers user-friendly web interfaces which enable users to submit gene queries for biological interpretation of gene lists derived from omics experiments. Outputs of SOP web interface are supported as the omics annotation table and the visualized pathway maps of KEGG PATHWAY database. We believe that SOP will appear as a helpful tool to perform biological interpretation of genes or proteins traced to omics experiments, lead to new discoveries from their pathway analysis, and design new hypothesis for a next toxicogenomics experiments.

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물병리학회 2002년도 총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.75.1-75
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• 2002

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2003

본 연구는 VSV-G glycoprotein을 envelope으로 하는 pseudotyped retrovirus vector system을 이용하여 쥐의 유방상피세포인 HC11에서 human Lactadherin 유전자의 발현을 확인하고자 하였다. 실험에 사용한 vector는 개체내에서의 외래 유전자의 지속적인 발현에 의한 생리적인 부작용을 최소화하기 위한 구조로, 조직특이적이며 lactogenic hormone에 의해 유도적인 활성을 가지는 것으로 알려진 WAP promoter의 통제하에 도입하고자 하는 외래 유전자를 위치하도록 하였다. WAP promoter의 대조군으로 지속적인 활성을 나타내는 $\beta$-actin promoter를 사용하였으며, 이 각각의 promoter와 marker gene으로 E. coli LacZ gene을 재조합한 후 retrovirus vector system을 이용하여 HCll에 도입하였다. 세포의 genome 내로의 유전자의 전이는 PCR을 통해 확인하였고, RT-PCR의 수행으로 유전자의 발현을 확인하였다. Lactadherin 유전자를 이용한 실험도 동일한 과정으로 수행하였으며, RT-PCR의 결과에서 HCll 세포에서 Lactadherin 유전자의 발현이 insulin을 단독으로 처리한 군에 비해 insulin, hydrocortisone, prolactin을 동시에 처리한 군에서 우월하게 나타나는 것으로 확인되었다. 그러나 insulin 단독 처리군에서 유전자의 발현이 약하게 나타나는 것으로 관찰되어 WAP promoter의 leakiness에 대한 재고의 필요성이 요구되었다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제39권10호
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• pp.728-733
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• 2016

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) effectively reduce airway inflammation and regenerate the alveolus in cigarette- and elastase-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) animal models. The effects of stem cells are thought to be paracrine and immune-modulatory because very few stem cells remain in the lung one day after their systemic injection, which has been demonstrated previously. In this report, we analyzed the gene expression profiles to compare mouse lungs with chronic exposure to cigarette smoke with non-exposed lungs. Gene expression profiling was also conducted in a mouse lung tissue with chronic exposure to cigarette smoke following the systemic injection of human cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hCB-MSCs). Globally, 834 genes were differentially expressed after systemic injection of hCB-MSCs. Seven and 21 genes, respectively, were up-and downregulated on days 1, 4, and 14 after HCB-MSC injection. The Hbb and Hba, genes with oxygen transport and antioxidant functions, were increased on days 1 and 14. A serine protease inhibitor was also increased at a similar time point after injection of hCB-MSCs. Gene Ontology analysis indicated that the levels of genes related to immune responses, metabolic processes, and blood vessel development were altered, indicating host responses after hCB-MSC injection. These gene expression changes suggest that MSCs induce a regeneration mechanism against COPD induced by cigarette smoke. These analyses provide basic data for understanding the regeneration mechanisms promoted by hCB-MSCs in cigarette smoke-induced COPD.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.747-755
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• 2020

Background: Ginsenosides accumulation responses to temperature are critical to quality formation in cold-dependent American ginseng. However, the studies on cold requirement mechanism relevant to ginsenosides have been limited in this species. Methods: Two experiments were carried out: one was a multivariate linear regression analysis between the ginsenosides accumulation and the environmental conditions of American ginseng from different sites of China and the other was a synchronous determination of ginsenosides accumulation, overall DNA methylation, and relative gene expression in different tissues during different developmental stages of American ginseng after experiencing different cold exposure duration treatments. Results: Results showed that the variation of the contents as well as the yields of total and individual ginsenosides Rg1, Re, and Rb1 in the roots were closely associated with environmental temperature conditions which implied that the cold environment plays a decisive role in the ginsenoside accumulation of American ginseng. Further results showed that there is a cyclically reversible dynamism between methylation and demethylation of DNA in the perennial American ginseng in response to temperature seasonality. And sufficient cold exposure duration in winter caused sufficient DNA demethylation in tender leaves in early spring and then accompanied the high expression of flowering gene PqFT in flowering stages and ginsenosides biosynthesis gene PqDDS in green berry stages successively, and finally, maximum ginsenosides accumulation occurred in the roots of American ginseng. Conclusion: We, therefore, hypothesized that cold-induced DNA methylation changes might regulate relative gene expression involving both plant development and plant secondary metabolites in such cold-dependent perennial plant species.

• Plant Resources
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.202-208
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• 2005

Osmotic stress is one of major limiting factors in crop production. In particular, seasonal drought often causes the secondary disease in the field, resulting in severe reduction in both quality and productivity. Recent efforts have revealed that many genes encoding protein kinases play important roles in osmotic stress signal transduction pathways. Previously, the AtSIK (Arabidopsis thaliana Stress Inducible Kinase) mutants have shown to enhance tolerance to abiotic stresses, accompanying with higher expression of abiotic stress-related genes than did the wild-type plants. In this study, we have transformed potato (cv. Taedong Valley) with the AtSIK expression cassette. Both PCR and RT-PCR using AtSIK-specific primers showed stable integration and expression of the AtSIK gene in individual transgenic lines, respectively. Foliar application of herbicide ($Basta^{(R)}$) at commercial application rate (0.3% (v/v)) revealed another evidence of stable gene introduction of T-DNA which includes the bar gene for herbicide resistance. Overexpression of the AtSIK gene under dual CaMV35S promoter increased sensitivity to salt stress (300 mM NaCl), which was demonstrated by the reduction rate of chlorophyll contents in leaves of transgenic potato lines. These results suggest that possible increase of osmotic tolerance in potato plants may be achieved by antisense expression of AtSIK gene.

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.194-204
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• 2009

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) and fertility restoration have been utilized as valuable tools for $F_1$-hybrid seed production in many crops despite laborious breeding processes. Molecular markers for the selection of CMS-related genes help reduce the expenses and breeding times. A previously reported genomic region containing the Ppr-B gene, which is responsible for restoration of fertility and corresponds to the Rfo locus, was used to develop gene-based or so-called "functional" markers for allelic selection of the restorer-of-fertility gene (Rfo) in $F_1$-hybrid breeding of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) Polymorphic sequences among Rfo alleles of diverse breeding lines of radish were examined by sequencing the Ppr-B alleles. However, presence of Ppr-B homolog, designated as Ppr-D, interferes on specific PCR amplification of Ppr-B in certain breeding lines. The organization of Ppr-D, resolved by genome walking, revealed extended homology with Ppr-B even in the promoter region. Interestingly, PCR amplification of Ppr-D was repeatedly unsuccessful in certain breeding lines implying the lack of Ppr-D in these radishes. Ppr-B could only be successfully amplified for analysis through designing primers based on the sequences unique to Ppr-B that exclude interference from Ppr-D gene. Four variants of Rfo alleles were identified from 20 breeding lines. A combination of three molecular markers was developed in order to genotype the Rfo locus based on polymorphisms among four different variants. These markers will be useful in facilitating $F_1$-hybrid cultivar development in radish.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.30-40
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• 2016

본 연구는 2단계 발효된 달팽이 추출물을 5% 사용한 시트 마스크 팩 (2F-SEM)을 개발하였다. 이에 대한 피부미용학적 연구를 수행하기 위하여 순면 100%의 시트를 사용하여 얼굴모양으로 커팅하여 사용하였다. 플라세보 마스크 팩 (placebo mask pack; PM)과 일반 용매추출에 의한 달팽이 추출물을 사용한 마스크 팩 (Gene-SEM)에 대하여 피부 개선효과를 측정한 결과를 보고한다. 첫째; 2F-SEM의 보습효과는 PM 보다 11%, Gene-SEM는 PM 보다 4.7%가 상승되었다. 둘째; 2차 발효달팽이 추출물이 함유된 마스크 팩의 탄력도는 PM 보다 13.8%, Gene-SEM PM 보다 6.7% 이상 개선하는 효과를 보였다. 셋째; 2F-SEM의 피부 거칠기는 PM 보다 6.80%, Gene-SEM는 PM 보다 2.3%가 개선되었다. 넷째; 2F-SEM의 멜라닌감소효과는 PM 보다 15.0%, Gene-SEM는 PM 보다 8.7%이상 개선되었다. 다섯째; 2F-SEM의 잔주름개선효과는 PM보다 8.0%정도 우수하였다. Gene-SEM는 PM 보다 5.1%이상 개선되었다. 여섯째; 2차 발효 물을 이용한 2F-SEM의 관능 평가는 부드러움(softness), 보습 감(moisture), 주름개선효과(fine wrinkle improvement)에서 유의 차 있는 사용감촉을 보였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.759-766
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• 2003

Recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (rCHO) cell lines expressing a high level of human thrombopoietin (hTPO) or its analog, TPO33r, were obtained by transfecting expression vectors into dihydrofolate reductase-deficient (dhfr) CHO cells and subsequent gene amplification in media containing stepwise increments in methotrexate (MTX) level such as 20, 80, and 320 nM. The parental clones with a hTPO expression level $>0.40\;{\mu}g/ml$ (27 out of 1,200 clones) and the parental clones with a TPO33r expression level $>0.20\;{\mu}g/ml$ (36 out of 400 clones) were subjected to 20 nM MTX. The clones that displayed an increased expression level at 20 nM MTX were subjected to stepwise increasing levels of MTX such as 80 and 320 nM. When subjected to 320 nM MTX, most clones did not display an increased expression level, since the detrimental effect of gene amplification on growth reduction outweighed its beneficial effect of specific TPO productivity ($q_{TPO}$) enhancement at 320 nM MTX. Accordingly, the highest producer subclones ($1-434-80^{*}$ for hTPO and $2-3-80^{*}$ for TPO33r), whose $q_{TPO}$ was 2- to 3-fold higher than that of their parental clones selected at 80 nM MTX, were isolated by limiting dilution method and were established as rCHO cel1 lines. The $q_{TPO}$ of $1-434-80^{*}\;and\;2-3-80^{*}\;was\;5.89{\pm}074\;and\;1.02{\pm}0.23\;{\mu}g/10^6$ cells/day, respectively. Southern and Northern blot analyses showed that the enhanced $q_{TPO}$ of established rCHO cell lines resulted mainly from the increased TPO gene copy number and subsequent increased TPO mRNA level. The hTPO and TPO33r produced from the established rCHO cell lines were biologically active in vivo, as demonstrated by their ability to elevate platelet counts in treated mice.

• 대한방사선방어학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한방사선방어학회 2010년도 춘계 학술발표회 및 심포지엄
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• pp.148-149
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• 2010