• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.276-280
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• 2008

Oryza sativa cv. Heugjinjubyeo, an anthocyanin-pigmented rice variety, is well known to contain high levels of bioactive phytochemicals, anthocyanin, quinolone alkaloids and phenolic acids. Here, we studied the inhibitory effect of Oryza sativa cv. Heugjinjubyeo bran on the absorption of dietary fat in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Sprague-Dawley male rats. For these experiments, experimental animals were divided into four groups: normal, diabetic-control and two experimental groups that were fed 1.0 g or 2.0 g/kg body weight/day of Oryza sativa cv. Heugjinjubyeo bran supplement for 14 days. As a result, liver glycogen levels increased significantly by 65% and 32% in groups receiving 1.0 g and 2.0 g/kg body weight/day, respectively, compared to diabetic-control. Liver cholesterol levels were significantly lower by 8.3% and 14.5% in the groups fed 1.0 g and 2.0 g of anthocyanin- pigmented rice extracts, respectively.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.81-87
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• 2016

This study was performed to investigate the cholesterol-lowering effect of liquid extract from Leonurus sibiricus Linne (LS). SD rats were fed atherogenic diet for 6 weeks. During the experimental period, LS liquid extract (3 g/kg and 6 g/kg) was orally given to the rats. The liver weight and levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides in serum were significantly increased in rats fed with atherogenic diets. Oral treatment of LS liquid extract to the rats fed atherogenic diet significantly reduced the liver weights and significantly decreased the levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides. The level of serum HDL-cholesterol was significantly increased at a high dose group compared with rats fed normal diet chow. These results indicate that LS liquid extract has the potential to restore altered lipid profiles induced by cholesterol rich diets and prevent the development of atheroclerosis.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.14-35
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• 2000

There have been growing interests in olive oil, which is attributed to the beneficial health effects of the Mediterranean diet. Numerous studies suggest that oleic acid, the major fatty acid in olive oil, may contribute to less incidence of coronary heart disease(CHD) in the Mediterranean area. Although the major effects of high monounsaturated fatty acid(MUFA) consumption on lowered plasma cholesterol are generally attributed to the consequential replacement of saturated fatty acid in diets, some studies have shown a modest cholesterol lowering effect of MUFA alone when it replaces dietary carbohydrate at an equal amount of energy. Furthermore, MUFA increases the level of the protective high-density lipoprotein cholesterol more than polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA) does when these two classes of fatty acids replace carbohydrates in the diet. It has been generally recommended that optimal dietary fat should be rich in MUFA, such as oleic acid, low in saturated fatty acids and provide adequate amounts of PUFA. However, no conclusive observations have been made yet mainly due to a difficulty in controlling the proportion of oleic acid without adjusting the levels of the other fatty acids to be constant, which could also affect plasma cholesterol levels. Recent findings also suggest that dietary PUFA results in higher tendency toward lipid peroxidation whereas with MUFA the susceptibility of low density lipoprotein to oxidative stress is reduced. More studies are needed to clarify the effects of MUFA on reducing the incidence of CHD.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.1979-1982
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• 2012

Oxime ethers of ${\beta}$-oxo-${\gamma}$-phenylbutanoic acids were prepared to develop more effective PPAR ${\alpha}$ and ${\gamma}$ dual agonists. Among them, compound 11k exhibited potent $in$ $vitro$ activities with $EC_{50}$ of 2.5 nM and 3.3 nM in PPAR ${\alpha}$ and ${\gamma}$, respectively. It showed better glucose lowering effects than rosiglitazone 1 and improved the lipid profile like plasma triglyceride in db/db mice model.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.210-213
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of isolated protein from white rice on lipid metabolism in a hypercholesterolemic animal model. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups and fed either a normal diet or a high-cholesterol diet (HCD) containing either casein or isolated rice protein for 4 weeks. Compared with rats fed a HCD with casein, the total cholesterol (TC) level in the plasma was significantly reduced in the rats fed rice protein. However, no significant differences were observed in the triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and glucose levels among the experimental groups. Hepatic total lipids and TC levels were significantly decreased by supplementation with rice protein. In addition, rice protein significantly increased the levels of TC and bile acids in the feces. These results suggest that rice protein may improve HCD-induced hypercholesterolemia by enhancing fecal excretion of cholesterol.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.142-158
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• 2019

Kimchi is a traditional Korean fermented vegetable probiotic food. The use of high quality ingredients and predominant LAB (lactic acid bacteria)-whether it be ambient bacteria or adding starters, low temperature and facultative anaerobic condition for the fermentation are important factors for preparing kimchi with better taste and functionality. The predominated LAB genera are Leuconostoc, Lactobacillus, and Weissella in kimchi fermentation. The representative species are Leu. mesenteroides, Leu. citrium, Lab. plantarum, Lab. sakei, and Wei. koreensis. Kimchi, especially the optimally fermented kimchi, has various health benefits, including control of colon health, antioxidation, antiaging effects, cancer preventive effect, antiobesity, control of dyslipidemic and metabolic syndrome, etc.; due to the presence of LAB, various nutraceuticals, and metabolites from the ingredients and LAB. The kimchi LAB are good probiotics, exhibiting antimicrobial activity, antioxidant, antimutagenic and anticancer effects, as well as immunomodualatory effect, antiobesity, and cholesterol and lipid lowering effects. Thus, kimchi ingredients, LAB, fermentation methods, and metabolites are important factors that modulate various functionalities. In this review, we introduced recent information showing kimchi and its health benefits in Korean Functional Foods (Park & Ju 2018).

• Korean Circulation Journal
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• v.48 no.12
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• pp.1097-1119
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• 2018

Although elevated serum low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) is without any doubts accepted as an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), the role of elevated triglycerides (TGs)-rich lipoproteins as an independent risk factor has until recently been quite controversial. Recent data strongly suggest that elevated TG-rich lipoproteins are an independent risk factor for CVD and that therapeutic targeting of them could possibly provide further benefit in reducing CVD morbidity, events and mortality, apart from LDL-C lowering. Today elevated TGs are treated with lifestyle interventions, and with fibrates which could be combined with omega-3 fatty acids. There are also some new drugs. Volanesorsen, is an antisense oligonucleotid that inhibits the production of the Apo C-III which is crucial in regulating TGs metabolism because it inhibits lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase activity but also hepatic uptake of TGs-rich particles. Evinacumab is a monoclonal antibody against angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) and it seems that it can substantially lower elevated TGs levels because ANGPTL3 also regulates TGs metabolism. Pemafibrate is a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha modulator which also decreases TGs, and improves other lipid parameters. It seems that it also has some other possible antiatherogenic effects. Alipogene tiparvovec is a nonreplicating adeno-associated viral vector that delivers copies of the LPL gene to muscle tissue which accelerates the clearance of TG-rich lipoproteins thus decreasing extremely high TGs levels. Pradigastat is a novel diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 inhibitor which substantially reduces extremely high TGs levels and appears to be promising in treatment of the rare familial chylomicronemia syndrome.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2022

Squid is a sustainable source of long-chain omega 3 fatty acids. This study aims to assess the safety and triglyceride-lowering efficacy of refined oil derived from the squid(Todarodes pacificus) viscera. Male and female participants with elevated fasting serum lipids (i.e., total cholesterol of ≥5.2 mmol/L or fasting serum triglyceride of ≥1.65 mmol/L) were randomly allocated to the control (n = 52) or squid oil group (n = 52), and participants in the latter group were instructed to consume 3 g of squid oil daily for 60 days. None of the subjects reported adverse events associated with the consumption of squid oil. Baseline clinical chemistry and hematological parameter values and those toward the end of the treatment period were similar, and all values were within the normal range. Fasting cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the control and squid oil groups were similar; however, toward the end of the 60 day study period, these levels significantly reduced in the squid oil group relative to those in the control group (P< 0.01). However, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol remained unchanged in both groups. Thus, it can be inferred that squid oil is a safe source of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids and has beneficial effects on the blood lipid levels. This is the first clinical study on squid oil usage, and suggests that it could be a sustainable source of omega 3 fatty acids.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.155-165
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• 2016

The study investigated the effects of adding bovine plasma protein(PP) hydrolysates on the quality properties of cooked pork patties. Pork patties were prepared as follows: manufactured with pork back-fat(control); replacement of back-fat with 40% olive oil(T1), 40% olive oil and 2% PP hydrolysates(T2), and 40% olive oil and 4% PP hydrolysates(T3). The olive oil modified the fatty acid profiles of the pork patties by lowering the saturated fatty acids(SFAs) percentage. Olive oil and 4% PP hydrolysates addition reduced the level of 2-thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance(TBARS) values in pork patties, compared to the controls. Furthermore, the pork patties with added PP hydrolysates had higher pH values than the control. All samples containing olive oil and PP hydrolysates had increased levels of DPPH radical scavenging activity. In particular, added PP hydrolysates were more effective in increasing antioxidant activity than were the other treatments. Therefore, PP hydrolysates could be used as a natural antioxidative in cooked pork patties.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.12
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• pp.1537-1543
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• 2007

This study was investigate the effect of grape seed water extract (GSW) on lipid profiles, lipid metabolism and erythrocyte antioxidant defense system in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Three groups of male C57BL/6 mice were fed different diets for 6 weeks: normal diet (Normal), high-fat diet (HF control; 37% calorie from fat) and high-fat diet supplemented with GSW (HF-GSW; 1% wt/wt). Supplementation of GSW did not affect the body weight, food intake, daily energy intake, white adipose tissue weights and plasma leptin level in high-fat fed mice. Plasma and hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride contents were significantly higher in the HF control group than in the Normal group; however, GSW supplement significantly lowered plasma triglyceride and hepatic cholesterol concentrations compared to the HF control group. GSW supplement significantly increased fecal excretion of triglyceride in high-fat fed mice. Hepatic carnitine palmitoyl transferase activity was significantly higher in the HF-GSW group than in the HF control group, while fatty acid ${\beta}$-oxidation tended to be lowered by GSW supplement. Erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity was also significantly higher in the HF-GSW group than in the HF control group and glutathione peroxidase activity tended to be lowered in HF-GSW group. The GSW supplement significantly lowered erythrocyte lipid peroxidation level compared to the HF control group. Accordingly, these results suggest that GSW can be considered as a lipid-lowering agent and as being effective for enhancing erythrocyte antioxidant defense system in high-fat diet-induced obese mice.