• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.99-103
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• 2010

The Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rat, a model of spontaneous type 2 diabetes (T2D), develops hyperglycemic obesity with hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance after the age of 25 weeks, similar to patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DM). In the present study, we determined whether there are differences in the pattern of gene expression related to glucose and lipid metabolism between OLETF rats and their control counterparts, Long-Evans Tokushima (LETO) rats. The experiment was done using 35-week-old OLETF and LETO rats. At week 35 male OLETF rats showed overt T2D and increases in blood glucose, plasma insulin, plasma triglycerides (TG) and plasma total cholesterol (TC). Livers of diabetic OLETF and LETO rats also showed differences in expression of mRNA for glucose and lipid metabolism related genes. Among glucose metabolism related genes, GAPDH mRNA was significantly higher and FBPase and G6Pase mRNA were significantly lower in OLETF rats. For lipid metabolism related genes, HMGCR, SCD1 and HL mRNA were substantially higher in OLETF rats. These results indicate that gluconeogenesis in OLETF rats is lower and glycolysis is higher, which means that glucose metabolism might be compensated for by a lowering of the blood glucose level. However, lipid synthesis is increased in OLETF rats so diabetes may be aggravated. These differences between OLETF and LETO rats suggest mechanisms that could be targeted during the development of therapeutic agents for diabetes.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제27권10호
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• pp.967-978
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• 1994

This study was done to investigate the effect of age and dietary linolenic acid content and the linolenic acid/linoleic acid(LNA/LA) ratio on the lipid metabolism and formation of PGI2 and TXA2. The male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed 6 different with 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 of LNA/LA ratio within either 8% LNA(high LNA) or 4% LNA(low LNA) of fatty acid content for different feeding period(1, 4, 12 month). The dietary fat used were sesame oil, perilla oil, soybean oil and beef tallow. The concentration of serum total lipid, total cholesterol and HDL-C were increased with aging. Triglyceride concentration was decreased in 0.2 ratio of LNA/LA. The lipid content of liver showed similar tendency to that of serum. The ratio of PGI2/TXA2 was increased in 1 month rats and antithrombotic effect was reduced significantly with increasing age. The PGI2/TXA2 ratio was tended to be higher in diet of 0.2 and 0.4 LNA/LA ratio at high LNA level and in diet of 0.6 LNA/LA ratio at low LNA level. Especially PGI2/TXA2 ratio was increased linearly with rising LNA/LA ratio at low LNA level. It seemed that the LNA content and LNA/LA ratio had interaction to increase the antithrombotic effect bychanging TXA2 synthesis. And the dietary fatty acid related effect lowering the serum and liver lipid content, excepting triglyceride, was increased when dietary n3/n6 ratio was high(0.6) at both high and low n3 level. Therefore, it could not be recommended to consume large amount of n3 fatty acid or high ratio of n3/n6 to prevent cardiovascular diseases. These results suggested that the dietary fatty acid ratio of n3/n6 could be determined based on the n-3 content of dietary fat to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.187-192
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• 2015

The dietary fiber alginic acid has no nutritional value; however, it decreases the utilization of nutrients by the body and can prevent obesity, hyperlipidemia, arteriosclerosis, constipation, and colon cancer. The low-molecular-weight alginic acid polymannuronate improves serum and liver lipid metabolism by decreasing cholesterol levels in high-cholesterol groups and may be used to control high blood pressure. Previously, we showed that polymannuronate, a physiologically active agent from seaweed, has a lipid-lowering effect and preventative role in colon cancer. In addition, the differentiation of polymannuronate-treated adipocytes was inhibited, triggering decreased leptin expression. This study examined ways to increase dietary satisfaction with and improve the nutritional quality of polymannuronate using hamburger buns supplemented with polymannuronate. Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups: the control group was fed hamburger buns containing 6% gluten, while the experimental group was fed hamburger buns containing 6% gluten and 10% polymannuronate. The serum triglyceride, phospholipid, and total and free cholesterol levels of the rats in the experimental group were decreased compared with those of the controls. The serum aspartate aminotransferase activity levels did not differ between the two groups. This study demonstrates that polymannuronate has beneficial effects on lipid metabolism and may be commercially useful.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.156-160
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• 2004

This study aims to investigate the changes in the lipid composition and angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in serum of rats exposed to microwave radiation, and to examine improving effects of green tea catechin to the lipid composition. The microwave-exposed rats received the normal and one of 3 diets: catechin free (MW-0C), 0.25% catechin (MW-0.25C) or 0.5% catechin (MW-0.5C). Rats were sacrificed 6th day after microwave radiation (2.45 ㎓, 15 min). The concentration of serum triglyceridein MW-0C group was increased by 85%, compared with the normal group, but that of MW-0.25C group with 0.25% catechin supplementation was to 17% lower, compared with the MW-0C group. There was no significant difference between normal group and MW-0.5C group. Total-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were increased by 21.4% and 38.6%, respectively, by microwave irradiation. The concentration of HDL-cholesterol in MW-0C group was lower to 29.3%, but it was maintained at the normal level by catechin supplementation. There was no significant difference among four groups in HLD-cholesterol/LDL-cholesterol. Atherogenic index in MW-0C group was increased by 56%, compared with the normal group. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity in lung tissue of MW-0C group was increased by 59 %, while that of MW -0.25C and MW -0.5C group were maintained at the normal level. ACE activity of MW-0C group in serum was increased by 122.8%, compared with the normal group. Catechin supplementation group was significantly reduced, compared with the MW-0C group ACE activity. In conclusion, microwave irradiation increased the serum triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations and ACE activity which are considered as the blood pressure increasing agents. However, catechin supplementation decreased the level of triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and ACE activity, which maybe consider catechin as being agent of lowering effect for blood lipid profile for athero-genesis.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2022

Objective : The aim of the present study is to examine hepatic lipid-lowering and anti-inflammatory effects of silymarin combined with Jakyakgamcho-tang on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in a high fat diet-induced obese mice model. Methods : C57BL/6 mice were divided into four dietary groups: (1) Normal, (2) Control (60% high-fat diet), (3) Control + silymarin 50 mg/kg/day (Silymarin), (4) Control + Silymarin 50 mg/kg/day + Jakyakgamcho-tang 100 mg/kg/day (SPG). After 12 weeks administration, mice were sacrificed and lipids and inflammation-related biomarkers were analyzed liver and plasma. Results : Silymarin and SPG treatments significantly lowered body and liver weights compared to the Control. Serumlipids (triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1𝛽, and IL-6) concentrations were significantly lowered in the Silymarin and SPG groups than the Control group. Silymarin and SPG treatments suppressed hepatic TG level and hepatic lipid droplets compared to the Control. Theses two treatments significantly increased hepatic kinase B1 and AMP-activated protein kinase protein levels, and significantly decreased hepatic key lipogenic enzymes (acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase and stearyl coenzyme A desaturase 1) protein levels than the Control. SPG also significantly increased hepatic fatty acid oxidation-related protein (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and uncoupling protein 2) levels than the Control. Conclusions: Silymarin and SPG suppressed hepatic lipid accumulation by regulating hepatic protein expression, and lowered blood pro-inflammatory cytokines concentrations though the synergic effect of silymarin and Jakyakgamchotang was not clear.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.55-60
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• 1999

We previously showed that a methanol extract of Paeoniae radix decreased total cholesterol level in rats with hyperlipidemia. In order to isolate the active ingredient(s), the methanol extract of Paeoniae radix was fractionated with chloroform/methanol(4:1) solution and isolate into soluble part and insoluble part of the the methanol extract. Above two parts were tested on the experimentally induced hypercholesterolemia in rats for the lowering effect of serum lipoprotein contents. Hyperlipidemia was induced on male Wistar rats by feeding high choleserol diet for 7 days. After oral administration of above samples for 4 weeks, serum lipid profile was verified on these rats by measuring total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol. The chloroform/methanol(4:1) soluble part and insolule part showed lowering activity of total cholesterol level and triglyceride level at 4 week point significantly(p<0.01 and p<0.05) compare with the control group and the soluble part was more effective.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제46권sup1호
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• pp.3-11
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• 2013

Over the last two decades, significant research attention has been given to the acute effect of a single bout of exercise on postprandial lipaemia. A large body of evidence supports the notion that an acute bout of aerobic exercise can reduce postprandial triacylglycerol (TAG) concentrations. However, this effect is short-lived emphasising the important role of regular physical activity for lowering TAG concentrations through an active lifestyle. In 1995, the concept of accumulating physical activity was introduced in expert recommendations with the advice that activity can be performed in several short bouts throughout the day with a minimum duration of 10 minutes per activity bout. Although the concept of accumulation has been widely publicised, there is still limited scientific evidence to support it but several studies have investigated the effects of accumulated activity on health-related outcomes to support the recommendations in physical activity guidelines. One area, which is the focus of this review, is the effect of accumulating exercise on postprandial lipaemia. We propose that accumulating exercise will provide additional physical activity options for lowering postprandial TAG concentrations relevant to individuals with limited time or exercise capacity to engage in more structured forms of exercise, or longer bouts of physical activity. The benefits of accumulated physical activity might translate to a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease in the long-term.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.253-261
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• 2006

Backgrounds : Hyperlipidemia is a major cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Lowering serum cholesterol levels could reduce the risk of CVD. Insamsansa-eum (Renshenshanzha-yin, ISE), composed of Ginseng Radix and Crataegii Fructus, is a new medicine developed to treat hyperlipidemia and CVD. Objectives : In this study, we intended to explore the clinical effects of ISE on patients with hypercholesterolemia, and moreover we also compared its effects according to the pattern identification. Methods : Subjects were administered ISE with the dose of 600 mg three times a day for 4 weeks. Patterns of subjects were identified with diagnostic scoring system for Yin-Yang and the condition of Excess-Deficiency before treatment. Serum lipids were measured at baseline and after 4 weeks of medication. Results : ISE lowered total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), total lipid(TL), phospholipid(PL) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL) significantly. Compared with the data of our previous study, it was less effective than Atorvastatin but showed equal lipids-lowering effect to Chunghyul-dan (Qingxue-dan, CHD). In Yang pattern group, ISE was less effective in lowering TG and LDL than it was in not-Yang-not-Yinpattern group. On safety assessment, there was no adverse effect, hepatic or renal toxicity. Conclusions : We suggest that ISE is a safe and useful herbal medicine for hypercholesterolemia, and moreover it could be more useful when it is used for patients with not Yang pattern.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.122-125
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• 2001

A potential mechanism through which the jujube extract might produce a cholesterol-lowering effect was compared with that of tangerine peel extract in vivo. Two extracts were prepared using ethanol. Male rats were fed a high cholesterol (1%, w/w) lab chow with jujube extract (1.2%) or tangerine peel extract (6.3%, w/w) for 3 weeks. Activities of hepatic HMG-CoA reductase (289.6$\pm$12.9 and 296.7$\pm$11.6 nmole/min/mg vs. 347.9$\pm$17.5 nmole/min/mg) and ACAT (554.8$\pm$18.2 and 451.7$\pm$19.4 nmole/min/mg vs. 602.6$\pm$21.4 nmole/min/mg) were significantly lowered by both supplements compared to the control group. These two supplements also substantially reduced the concentrations of plasma cholesterol (103.3$\pm$15.9 and 101.6$\pm$19.4 mg/dL vs. 141.6$\pm$18.1 mg/dL) and triglyceride (61.3$\pm$5.5 and 55.5$\pm$3.9 mg/dL vs. 96.0$\pm$4.2 mg/dL). The inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase resulting from the supplementation of jujube or tangerine extracts could count for the reduction in plasma cholesterol. Accordingly, lipid-lowering action of both supplements appears to be similar in high-cholesterol fed rats.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.438-447
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• 2012

Objectives : In this study, we investigated the effect and the underlying mechanism of ethanol extract of Benincasa seeds on a cellular model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) established by treating HepG2 cells with palmitate. Methods : We evaluated ethanol extract of Benincasa seeds (EEBS) for its hepatic lipid-lowering potential in fatty acid overloaded HepG2 cells. After incubation in palmitate containing media with or without EEBS, intracellular neutral lipid accumulations were quantified by Nile red staining. We also investigated the effect of EEBS on lipogenesis and ${\beta}$-oxidation. $LXR{\alpha}$-dependent SREBP-1c activation, expression of lipogenic genes, and expression of ${\beta}$-oxidation related genes were determined with or without pretreatment of EEBS. Results : EEBS significantly attenuated palmitate-induced intracellular neutral lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. EEBS suppressed fatty acid synthesis by inhibiting $LXR{\alpha}$-dependent SREBP-1c activation. EEBS also repressed SREBP-1c mediated induction of lipogenic genes, including ACC, FAS, and SCD-1. However, EEBS had no effect on ${\beta}$-oxidation related CPT-1 and $PPAR{\alpha}$ gene expression. Conclusions : Our results suggest that EEBS has an efficacy to decrease hepatic lipid accumulation, and this effect was mediated by inhibiting the $LXR{\alpha}$-SREBP-1c pathway that leads to expression of lipogenic genes and hepatic steatosis. Therefore, the Benincasa seeds may have a potential clinical application for treatment of this chronic liver disease.