• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.231-236
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• 2002

Encapsulating 1-octen-3-ol with alginates solution, the effects of physical properties (viscosity, emulsion activity, emulsion stability) of alginates solutin on the retention of 1-octen-3-ol in capsules were investigated. Only alginates solutions haying less than 350 cP in viscosity were capable to be adopted to spray dry. Adding citric acid to alginates solution in order to reduce its viscosity, the concentration of citric acid became higher, the viscosity of alginates solution were lower. Adding $0.1\% of citric acid could reduce viscosity of alginates solution to 150 cP. The viscosity of alginates solution after emulsifying showed higher value than that of solution before emulsifying, but its viscosity were within the possible ranges for spray drying. The lower viscosity of alginates solution were, EAI became higher but ESI and amount of remaining 1-octen-3-ol in capsules were lower, In reducing the viscosity of alginates solutions, heating time after adding citric acid were longer, the their viscosity became lower. Differences of viscosity of alginates solution after and before emulsifying were little, In encapsulating raw pine agaric with alginates solution, the adding amount of soybean oil increased, the amounts of remaining 1-octen-3-ol in capsules increased. After freeze drying the amount of remaining 1-octen-3-ol in alginates capsules prepared with raw pine agaric was higher than that after cold air flow drying.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.18-26
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• 2000

In order to improve the quality of Kamju(sikhae), Korean traditional sweat fermentated rice drink, Kamju made with laboratory fermenting from both covered barley malt and that added to commercial $\alpha-amylase$ and commercial sikhae can were investigated and analyzed ad follows 1. The amylase activities in L-malt(laboraory made malt), C-malt(commercial malt) were 25,065 units, 20,498 units at $60^{\circ}C$ and when heating at $60^{\circ}C$ for one hour their heat stability was getting lower and while at $70^{\circ}C$ after 2 hours both their heat stability was under 21%. 2. The external appearance, of all samples, in beating test, flipper, springer and leaker test were excellent and good valued. On the open test of sample can, head space was 7.9~9.0mm, net weight 247~250g, 432~435g, pH 4.96-5.76, Brix 13.2~14.0 and vacuum degree was 29~35cmHg. 3. The sucrose content of sample 1~5 was 8,57~10.01% highest ammount than sample 6(0.91%) 7(0.43%) and maltose content of sample 1~5 was 0.65~1.41% lower than 6 was 7.91% and 7 was 8,36%. The good traditional flavor texture and saccharides components content of glucose of sample 1~5 was 1.09~1.51, 6(3.86%), 7(3.97%), fructose content of sample 1~5 was 0.45~0.95%, 6(2.76%), 7(2.81%), maltotriose and raffinose of sample 1~5 were 0.04~0.291, 6(0.61%), 7(2.81%), and solid content of sample 1~5(3.1~3.8) was lower than 6(10.25%), 7(10.09%). 4. The result of sensory test as measured as lemone yellow of sample 6 and milky of sample 7, and weetness, flavor, color, traditional texture and sensory value for sample 1~5(3.1~3.8) was lower degree than that for 6(4.5), 7(4.0). 5. Among the heavy metals analyzed from sample cans, tin, iron and lead content for sample 1~5 were 31.95~36.71ppm, 5.84~6.39ppm and 0.075~0.09ppm while their content of sample 6.7, tin, 32.91ppm, 32.87ppm, iron 5.51ppm, 5.41ppm and lead, 0.074ppm, 0.079ppm.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2004

The "Ginseng Pork" produced by feeding ginseng by-products can be a compatible product in the sense of increasing pork consumption and developing functional food in the international pork market. This experiment was conducted to produce "Ginseng Pork" with emphasis on growth performance and meat quality. Experiments were conducted in which 30 Landrace heads were fed with bark of ginseng root(BGR) or heating extracts ginseng leaves and stem(HEG). WB-shear force was not different among the treatment groups until 15 days of ageing, but pork fed with the 6% BGR showed a higher shear force at 20 day of storage at 4$^{\circ}C$. Cooking loss showed lower value for the 9% BGR group compared with the control group. At 15 day, the 3% and 9% BGR groups showed lower cooking losses than control. Pork groups fed HEG showed a significantly(p<0.05) lower TBARS values after 5 days of storage. As for VBN analysis, the feeding groups of 9% BGR and 5.5% HEG had significantly lower values at 5 and 20 days when compared to the other treatment groups. It might be concluded that the accumulation of ginseng saponin in the pork resulted in retarding the ageing and inhibiting the oxidation.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.857-863
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• 2012

This study prepares dried sweet pumpkins to optimize pretreatment conditions of blanching, steaming and microwave heating and to investigate the quality characteristic of each method. The sweet pumpkin blanching treatment of moisture content decreased gradually with increasing temperature, and soluble solids, and weight loss was increased. Color temperature is lower, and a higher value of L value and b value increased. As for the sweet pumpkin steaming treatment of moisture content, it was observed that the longer the steaming time was decreased, sugar content was increased. Change of color in the L value, the longer the steaming time a and b values. Also, as for the microwave treatment of the sweet pumpkin, the longer the time the moisture content decreased, it slightly increased soluble solids and weight loss. Blanching showed the lowest hardness of texture, followed by steaming, and microwaves, in order. Penetration per 20 hours per type was determined by sensory evaluation of sugar, and sugar:fructose(1:2)ratio were higher in the composition.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.371-376
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• 2012

The experimental test was conducted for a heavy-duty DME bus in JE-05 exhaust gas test mode using a chassis dynamometer, exhaust gas analyzers, and a PM measurement system. The heavy-duty DME bus was not equipped with after-treatment systems such as DOC or DPF. The dynamic behavior, emission characteristics, and fuel economy of the bus were investigated with an 8.0-liter, 6-cylinder conventional diesel engine. The results showed that the dynamic behavior in DME mode was almost the same as in diesel mode. However, there was little difference among the two operation modes for $NO_x$ and CO emissions. THC emissions were lower for DME mode than for diesel mode. Also, the amount of PM emissions was remarkably lower than for the diesel mode because DME contains a greater amount of oxygen than diesel. The data showed that $CO_2$ emissions were almost similar in the two modes but fuel economy (calculated using heating value) was lower for DME mode than for diesel mode.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.44-49
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• 2013

Hydrogen penetration into a metal leads to damages and mechanical degradations and its content measurement is of importance. For a precise measurement, a sample preparation procedure must be optimized through a series of studies on sample washing and drying. In this study, two-step washing with organic solvents and thermal soaking in inert gas were tried with a rod-shaped, API X65 steel sample. The samples were machined from a steel plate and then washed in acetone and etyl-alcohol for 5 minute each and dried with compressed air. After then, the samples were thermally soaked in a home-made nitrogen gas chamber during 10 minute at different heat gun temperatures from 100 to $400^{\circ}C$ and corresponding temperature range in the soaking chamber was from 77 to $266^{\circ}C$ according to the temperature calibration. Hydrogen residue in the samples was measured with a hot extraction system after each soaking step; hydrogen residue of $0.70{\pm}0.12$ wppm after the thermal soaking at $77^{\circ}C$ decayed with increase of the soaking temperature. By adopting the heat transfer model, decay behavior of the hydrogen residue was fitted into an exponential decay function of the soaking temperature. Saturated value or lower bound of the hydrogen residue was 0.36 wppm and chamber temperature required to lower the hydrogen residue about 95% of the lower bound was $360^{\circ}C$. Furthermore, a thermal desorption spectroscopy was done for the fully soaked samples at $360^{\circ}C$. Weak hydrogen peak was observed for whole temperature range and it means that hydrogen-related contaminants of the sample surface are steadily removed by heating. In addition, a broad peak found around $400^{\circ}C$ means that parts of the hydrogen residue are irreversibly trapped in the steel microstructure.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.339-347
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• 1994

A multicolumn system consisted of two valve(10-port and 6-port valve)-three column (28% DC 200, SP 1700 and Chromosorb 102 column) was developed. Nine natural gas components composed of $N_2$, $CH_4$, $CO_2$, $C_2H_6$, $C_3H_8$, $i-C_4H_{10}$, $n-C_4H_{10}$, $i-C_5H_{12}$ 및 $n-C_5H_{12}$ completed all the baseline separation within 18 minutes. The accuracy and the precision of this system was tested. The retention times and the peak areas were determined with a repeatability between 0.02 and 0.16%, and less than 1%, respectively. Calibration curves for natural-gas components were plotted by the partial pressure injection method of pure gases, and good linear relationships for each component were presented. By using these calibration curves the accuracy of the multicolumn system compaired with that of the single column system for a certified standard gas of natural gas. As a result, relative error in the single and the multicolumn system was less than 0.5% and 0.04%, respectively. The result of application of this system in the analysis of importing LNG composition showed that the heating values calculated by the multicolum system were estimated lower compared with those calculated by the single column system and consequently, the importing price of LNG was able to be cut down.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.725-731
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• 2018

The effects of catalysts addition on the carbonization reaction of biomass have been studied in a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The sample biomasses were Bamboo and Pine. The catalysts tested were K, Zn metal compounds. The carbonization reactions were tested in the nonisothermal condition from the room temperature to $850^{\circ}C$ at a heating rate $1{\sim}10^{\circ}C/min$ on the flowing of $N_2$ purge gases. Also, the effects of catalyst on the torrefaction were tested in the temperature condition of 220, 250, $280^{\circ}C$ at 30 min. Combustion characteristic for the torrefied catalyst biomass were studied in the nonisothermal conditions of $200{\sim}850^{\circ}C$. As the results, the initial decomposition temperatures of the volatile matters ($T_i$) and the temperature of maximum reaction rate ($T_{max}$) were decreased with increasing the catalyst amounts in the sample biomass. The char amounts remained after carbonization at $400^{\circ}C$ increased with the catalyst amounts. Therefore catalysts addition can be decreased the energy for carbonization process and improved the heating value of product char. The catalysts reduced the optimum torrefaction conditions from $250^{\circ}C$ to $220^{\circ}C$. The torrefied catalyst biomass have lower activated energy from 46.5~58.7 kJ/mol to 25.1~27.0 kJ/mol in the nonisothermal combustion reaction.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.997-1003
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• 2011

In order to investigate devolatilization characteristics for ashless coal with relatively low ash content and high heating value, an experiment was performed in different bed configurations of TGA and DTF(Drop Tube Furnace) at atmospheric pressure condition. The heating rate was $10^{\circ}C$/min up to $950^{\circ}C$ in TGA, while the temperatures of DTF varied from 500 to $1300^{\circ}C$ in step of $200^{\circ}C$. A weight loss and particle temperature were obtained to determine devolatilization kinetics. The kinetic parameters including an activation energy and pre-exponential factor for ashless coal were obtained using Coats-Redfern method in TGA and single step method in DTF. Furthermore, the devolatilization kinetics of the ashless coal were compared with the results of different kinds of conventional coal such as sub-bituminous and bituminous. The results show that the activation energy of devolatilazation for ashless coal is lower than those of others in fixed and entrained conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.34-38
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• 2009

Nitrous oxide, which is used as an anesthetic gas, has been shown to be a chronic health hazard. It is necessary to monitor and control the nitrous oxide exposure of the operating theaters staff. In this study, N2O exposure level of the operating nurses is assessed with a GC-ECD. The nitrous oxide gas is collected on a molecular sieve 5A contained in a glass tube and desorbed for 12 hours at $100^{\circ}C$ in heating block. As a result of the test using GC-ECD, calibration curve's $R^2$ of $N_2O$ is 0.9992, LOD is $0.96{\mu}g$/injection, LOQ is $3.21{\mu}g$/injection, desorption efficiency is 94.78 4.50% in average and break through is within 10% compared with the concentration. The average concentration before operation is 5.12ppm and it is 42.3ppm during operation. There are a significant difference showing that the P value is lower than 0.05. Assessing exposure level to nitrous oxide based on nurses' working positions, the exposure levels do not show significant difference( P>0.005). And $N_2O$ in active sampling method is higher than passive sampling method(P<0.05).