• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2022

There has always been a demand for orthodontic treatment. Orthodontic treatment allows tooth to be arranged by flexible arch wire fixed with tooth-attached brackets. Arch wire generate constant pressure to tooth brackets which moves the teeth to proper place. When the bracket transmits force, the braced wing of the bracket may deform. Deformed tie wing will lead to lost tension of elastic ligature. Then, lacking grip between tie wing and ligature might delay the tooth movement. Furthermore, tooth brackets used for orthodontic treatment make contact with in direct oral surface and this cause feeling of irritation that comes from height of tooth braces. This study suggests an optimal teethe bracket design to make up for inconvenience by shorten the height of bracket and complement the shape of bracket to reduce strain rate using finite element analysis. As a result, new optimal design of teethe bracket indicates lower strain rate of the bracket wing and takes good effects of shorten body height in terms of convenience.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.101-142
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• 1998

1. 연구 목적 및 배경 사상의학(四象醫學)에서의 대소음양인(太少陰陽人)의 체질 구분의 근거는 폐비간현(肺脾肝賢)의 각기 다른 장리로 인한 것으로 이는 폐비간현(肺脾肝賢)의 위치와 사상인(四象人) 구분의 근거인 체형기상(體形氣像)까지 이어진다. 이러한 각기 다른 체형기상(體形氣像)은 사상인 체질 구분의 가장 중요한 단서중의 하나로 이를 측정하여 각 체질의 사초(四焦) 체간부(體幹部)를 수기로 측정한 연구가 있었으나 이는 측정상의 오류가 많아 본 연구에서는 삼차원계측기를 이용하여 각 체질별 체간의 삼차원적인 특징을 해부학적 위치를 중심으로 측정하고 둘레, 단면적, 체적 등의 입체적 측정을 통해 체간부의 정량적인 특정을 살펴 체질 구분에 이용하고자 하였다. 2. 연구 방법 체질진단용 설문지 1번, QSCC(II), 맥진, 침진의 진단 방법을 이용하고 사상의학 전문의에 의해 체질 진단된 건강한 20대에서 40대까지의 성인 남자 40명과 여자 20명을 대상으로 Rapid 3D Color Scanner Model 3030 RGB/PS를 사용하여 삼차원 영상을 촬영한 후 해부학적 구조를 근거로 31항목의 체적, 전표 면적, 높이를 측정하고 25가지의 사초 가설을 설정하여 각 체질별 사초의 삼차원적인 특징을 구하였다. 3. 연구 결과 및 결론 1) 체간부 측정 항목의 절대치 (1) 여자의 특징 태음인이 다른 체질에 비해 체간부가 큰 편이고 소음인이 대개의 경우 가장 작은 경향을 나타내었다. 그러나 갑상연골점의 목둘레, 흉골상단의 단면적과 전둘레, 경폭에서 소양인이 가장 작은 것으로 나타나 소양인이 경부 즉, 체간의 최상부가 가장 둘레가 가는 것을 알 수 있다. 유두선 높이의 단면적, 전둘레, 깊이와 중완선높이의 전후둘레의 체간부에서 태음인이 소음인보다 큰 것으로 나타나 체간부의 상부는 소음인이 가장 작은 것으로 나타났다. 치골상단의 폭은 소양인이 가장 작은 것으로 나타났다. (2) 남자의 특징 갑상연골점, 흉골상단, 액와, 유두, 검상돌기, 중완, 하완, 제부, 상전장골극, 치골결합상단 부위에 이르기까지 전 항목에서 태음인의 체형이 가장 크며 소음인의 체형이 가장 작은 것으로 나타났다. 갑상연골점 높이에서 전후둘레, 폭, 깊이에서 태음인이 가장 크고 소음인이 가장 작은 것으로 나타났다. 유두와 유하간의 수직거리는 소양인이 가장 크고 소음인이 가장 작은 것으로 나타났다. 2) 사초부위의 절대치의 비교 (1) 여자 상초의 항목 중에서 갑상연골점 높이에서 액와선높이까지의 체적과 흉골상단높이에서 유두높이까지의 체간 상부 체적이 소양인이 가장 작았다. 소양인이 체간 상부가 다른 체질에 비해 작다. 중상초 : 중상초의 항목 중 흉골상단에서 중완까지의 체적과 흉골상단에서 검상돌기까지의 체적에서 태음인이 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. (2) 남자 상초, 중상초, 중하초, 하초의 경우 태음인이 소음인보다 체적이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 3) 체간에서 사초가 차지하는 비율에 대한 고찰 (1) 상초 : 액와에서 상전장골극까지를 사초로 설정할때 상초에 해당하는 액와에서 유두선까지의 높이가 태음인이 소양인보다 큰 것으로 나타나 소양인이 액와점에서 유두선 까지의 거리가 체간에서 차지하는 비율이 가장 짧은 것으로 나타났다. (2) 중상초 : 갑상연골점에서 치골결합상단을 사초로 설정할때 흉골상단에서 유두까지의 높이와 액와에서 유두까지의 높이에서 태음인이 소양인보다 큰 것으로 나타났으며 갑상연골점에서 상전장골극까지를 사초로 설정한 경우 흉골상단높이에서 유두까지와 액와에서 유두까지의 높이에서 태음인이 소양인보다 큰 것으로 나타나 소양인이 중상초의 높이가 체간에서 차지하는 비율이 가장 짧은 것으로 나타났다. (3) 중하초 : 흉골상단에서 상전장골극을 사초로 설정할 때 중완에서 제부까지의 체적과 액와에서 상전장골극까지를 사초로 설정할 때 중완에서 제부까지의 체적이 차지하는 비율이 태음인이 소음보다 큰 것으로 나타나 중완에서 제부가 체간에서 차지하는 비율이 소음인이 가장 작은 것으로 나타났다. 4) 각 체질별 사초의 상관관계 태음인은 상초와 중하초의 상관관계를 체적, 표면적, 높이로 나누어 살펴 보아 대개의 경우 역상관관계를 얻었으며 특히도 표면적의 경우는 상관계수가 -0.9~-1로 나타나 상관정도가 높았다. 소음인과 소양인은 중상초와 하초의 상관관계를 체적, 표면적, 높이로 나누어 살펴 보아 대개의 경우 역상관관계를 얻었다.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.42-51
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• 2009

As wine culture becomes popular among the people in modem society, the consumption of wine has increased due to the need to enjoy wine at home. Nonetheless, the development of wine cabinet has not made much progress. In order to compensate such matter, a wine cabinet that satisfies the taste of new generation as well as the need demanded in the modem living space is transcended its simple and solemn image embedded in wooden colored form, which is often found in existing products. First of all, the definition, kind, bottles, and glasses of wine are examined and then a cabinet is developed depending on the design process. The body of the wine cabinet is finished with black lacquer after attaching ash-patterned veneer on MDF and the front plate of the drawer is finished with the colors displayed in Mondrian's painting on MDF. The upper part is designed to store wine glasses and below the wine rack is the space for wine storage considering the overall shape. The storage at the lower part is equipped with drawers of different sizes to emphasize practicability. In conclusion, such a unique design is believed to introduce the importance of design to the domestic furniture market being a foundation for the furniture industry.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.153-167
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• 1989

This study was undertaken to analyze the growth of mandible in surgically repaired unilateral cleft lip and palate. The subjects consisted of 63 unilateral cleft lip and palate individuals, 60 class III malocclusions and 60 normal occlusions ranging from 6 to 15 years old. Each group was divided into two age groups. (6-10 Y and 11-15 Y) The results obtained from UCLP compared with other groups were as follows: 1. The anteroposterior position of the chin was similar to that of the normal occlusions. 2. The shape of the mandible was similar to that of the class III malocclusions. 3. In mandibular size, ramus height was the smallest among three groups, but body length and overall mandibular length were similar to those of the normal occlusions. 4. The lower border of the mandible was the steepest among three groups and strong vertical or clockwise growth tendency was indicated. 5. The position of condyle in relation to the cranial base showed little difference in three groups. 6. In older age group , vertical growth tendency of the mandible decreased more or less.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.99-103
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• 2011

Many parameters influence the frictional behavior of steel sheet during stamping. The contact pressure between a die and a sheet during stamping is one of them. Thus, this parameter is investigated for high strength steel (HSS) sheets, which are widely used for auto body panels due to their potential for weight reduction. Since HSS extend the limits of contact pressure for mild steel, the effect of this parameter on friction cannot be ignored. To investigate the influence of contact pressure on the frictional behavior of steel sheets, a flat type of friction test was conducted on three different steel sheets under various contact pressures. For bare steel sheets, the curve representing the relationship between contact pressure and friction coefficient exhibits a U shape. Coated steel sheets show a similar tendency except at low contact pressure. For these materials, when the contact pressure is very low, the friction coefficient slightly increases with pressure before it starts to decrease. The test results show that the effect of contact pressure on frictional behavior of steel sheet is not negligible even for contact pressures that are lower than the strength of HSS sheet.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2012

Objective & Method : We investigated the identity of tri-energizer, which was originally described in Huang Di Nei Jing and claimed by traditional scholars, and drew the following conclusions. Result & Conclusion : According to Huang Di Nei Jing tri-energizer is one of the six hollow-organs and is called hollow organs for digestion and elimination, water guffer organ, or solitary hollow organ. It is believed that tri-energizer is regarded as the existing entity based on following several different sources; it functions as the course of channels, regulates wind and link and physiological function-especially intrinsic function of upper, middle, lower internal organs. It also controls syndromes and dysfunction of an illness, the surface of the body, and the cracked surface of the skin. Finally, bold and timidity depend on the tri-energizer. Experts determined the true nature of tri-energizer types. Experts include: Yu Tuan from the Ming dynasty, Tang Jong Hai and Ye Lin from the Qing dynasty, and Zhang Xi Chun from the Zhunghua Minguo period. These experts' claims are based on shape and forms of tri-energizer. Our examinations of anatomical and physiological basis on tri-energizers showed that, in a narrow sense, tri-energizer indicates visceral and parietal peritoneum and omentum surrounding the internal organs, and in a broad sense, indicates the overall membrane wrapping around the whole internal organs including five visceral organs and six hollow organs.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.31-39
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• 1980

The basic pattern of skirt should be functional in addition to be fit the body. The author paid special attention to the expansion and contraction of the shell which were made the lower trunk and thigh caused by sitting motions. The replicas of the shell were taken by using a gypsum method on 1 female under 4 standardized motions; standing motion, (basic motion), sitting on the chair with flextion 90' at the hip and the knee joints sitting with dropping knees, and sitting with benting legs side wards. Those replicas obtained were developed to the patterns and changes in shape and area of those were measured. Typical displacement and transformation of the shell surface patterns were showed geographycally fig 5-1 to 5-4. mean values of expansion and constriction were obtained by measuring the shell surface on 60 female under the 4 motions. the mean values of it were showed numerically in Table 1-1 to 1-3. The following results were obtained; 1. Vertical constriction of front of the shell were observed near sulcus in guinalis, and vertical extension were near the knees. Horizontal extension were observed near the thighs and the knees. 2. Vertical constrictions of the back of the shell were observed near the knees. It seemed to be influnced the flexion angles of knee points. vertical extension were near gluteus and thighs. Horizontal constriction were small, and horizonlal extension were near gluteus. 3. The high rates of constriction and extension were found near sulcus in guinalis, glutes, and knees. 4. The rates of constriction and extension on the waist line were very low. 5. The highest values of constriction and extension were found in hip and knees.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.104-111
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• 2004

The melting temperatures of $UO_2,\;UO_2-6wt\%Gd_{2}O_3,\;UO_2-12wt\%Gd_{2}O_3,\;UO_2-2wt\%Er_{2}O_3,\;and\;UO_2-4wt\%Er_{2}O_3$ fuels were measured. Fuel materials were loaded in a tungsten capsule of which shape met the black body condition. The melting temperature was measured by the thermal arrest method during heating of the capsule in an induction furnace. The measured melting temperature of $UO_2$ fuel was $2815{\pm}20^{\circ}C$. The solidus and liquidus temperatures of $UO_2-Gd_{2}O_3\;and\;UO_2-Er_{2}O_3$ had also been measured, and it was observed that the solidus temperatures of them were lower than the liquidus temperature by $15{\sim}25^{\circ}C$. Measured melting temperatures of $UO_2,\;UO_2-Gd_{2}O_3\;and\;UO_2-Er_{2}O_3$ fuels were as follows:

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.105-111
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• 2015

Since 2007, Insurance Institute of Highway Safety(IIHS) has conducted the new bumper test using bumper barrier to estimate the repair cost of impacted vehicle. In this study, for the front body FE model of a medium size passenger car analyzes were carried out to optimize the shape of backbeam center reinforcement bracket. First, overlap effect was examined with changing the overlap magnitude and spot welds were added along the backbeam center line for reducing the section shear deformation. Next, for an overlap model design parameter study was performed for the bracket. Thickness effect was examined and an inner reinforcement was added to the bracket. Also, the lower part of bracket was deleted and additionally the bracket length was extended. The results were discussed in terms of backbeam backward deflection, barrier backstop intrusion and weight. Compared with the current design, the final model showed 44.1% bracket weight reduction with 30.0% decrease of backbeam deflection.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.405-415
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• 2005

It is difficult to classify tidal flat surface that is composed of a mixture of mud, sand, water and microphytobenthos. We used a Linear Spectral Unmixing (LSU) method for effectively classifying the tidal flat surface characteristics within a pixel. This study aims at 1) detecting algal mat using LSU in the Saemangeum tidal flats, 2) determining a suitable end-member selection method in tidal flats, and 3) find out a habitual characteristics of algal mat. Two types of end-member were built; one is a reference end-member derived from field spectrometer measurements and the other image end-member. A field spectrometer was used to measure spectral reflectance, and a spectral library was accomplished by shape difference of spectra, r.m.s. difference of spectra, continuum removal and Mann-Whitney U-test. Reference end-members were extracted from the spectral library. Image end-members were obtained by applying Principle Component Analysis (PCA) to an image. The LSU method was effective to detect microphytobenthos, and successfully classified the intertidal zone into algal mat, sediment, and water body components. The reference end-member was slightly more effective than the image end-member for the classification. Fine grained upper tidal flat is generally considered as a rich habitat for algal mat. We also identified unusual microphytobenthos that inhabited coarse grained lower tidal flats.