• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.590-597
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• 2013

For a lower tier defense, the distance between a launcher and an engagement control station is quite important to estimate the proper defense area and to effectively arrange missile launchers. In this paper, we have analyzed an effectiveness of anti-ballistic missile launcher arrangement for the lower tier defense against the ballistic missile. The operation concept, specific configuration and aerodynamic characteristics of the ballistic missile such as SCUD-B/C, Nodong are considered in order to develop a realistic engagement simulation. The diverse engagement results through numerical simulations are provided to conduct the effectiveness analysis of anti-ballistic missiles.

• 대한종양외과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.120-127
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the immunologic role of lymph node (LN) and stage migration by assessing LN count and metastatic LN count. Methods: A total of 2,117 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma located in the body and antrum who underwent distal/subtotal gastrectomy with D2 LN dissection between January 1, 1998 and December 31, 2008 were enrolled. LN count and number of metastases were determined in the N1 tier (area of D1 dissection) and N2 tier (area of D2 dissection). The lower and upper quartiles of LN counts in the same pN stage were grouped to compare the prognosis and LN positivity according to the LN tier. Results: Stage migration from N1 tier to N2 tier occurred in 3.2% of cases. The 5-year disease-specific survival rates of the upper and lower LN count groups within the N1 tier were 91.0% and 86.7% (P=0.01), respectively. LN positivity in the N2 tier of the lower LN count group was higher than that of the upper LN count group (14.1% vs. 8.2%, P<0.01). Stage migration in the N2 tier of the lower LN count group was also higher than that of the upper LN count group (4.6% vs. 1.8%, P<0.01). Conclusion: The lower LN count group had a decreased survival rate compared to that of the upper LN count group, suggesting that perigastric LN has an immunological defense role in weakening the disseminating power of metastatic tumor cells, as indicated by the LN count.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.509-515
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• 2009

The aim of this study is investigated greenhouse gas emissions of glass industry, and when calculates greenhouse gas emission, using formula(Tier 3) advising in IPCC(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) and using self designed formula(Tier 3+) authors of this study. Studied to propose calculation formula that can compare these two calculation results and apply to domestic. Formula of Tier 3 calculated to theoretical composition of carbonate material, And Formula of Tier 3+ calculated on the basis of chemical substance formation table that get from glass manufacture company(The S company). As a result, Dolomite, Soda ash, Limestone, Industrial Barium carbonate is calculated value of Tier 3+ lower than value of Tier 3, And Industrial Potassium carbonate, Industrial Strontium carbonate was calculated value of Tier 3 lower than value of Tier 3. This study finding, formula of Tier 3+ has higher confidence than formula of Tier 3 when consider revision about purity of injection raw material. And hereafter, When calculate greenhouse gas emissions about nonmetallic mineral industry, use of Tier 3+ is considered that should be encouraged.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2017

본 연구는 무기체계의 단위비용을 고려한 K2(KC와 KAMD) 체계의 효과분석을 수행하였다. 단일 KC와 다중(고층 및 저층) KAMD를 가정하고, 각 체계에 임의의 무기체계를 설정하여 각각의 조합에 따라 총 12개의 시나리오를 작성하였다. 효과도는 전체 탄도미사일 위협 수량 대비 감소된 탄도미사일 위협의 비율로 정의하였으며, 비용은 발사된 무장의 수량과 단위비용으로 계산하였다. K2 체계의 효과도와 총비용은 몬테카를로 시뮬레이션을 1,000번 반복하여 추정하였다. 각각의 시나리오를 대안으로 하여 비용대 효과분석을 실시하였고, 효과고정법을 사용하여 최적 대안을 선정하였다. 연구 결과 KC 능력이 K2 체계의 방어 효과와 총비용을 결정하는 가장 중요한 요소였으며, 적정 수준의 저층방어체계를 갖춰야 요구되는 방어 효과를 달성할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 향후 연구에서 실질적인 무기체계 제원과 수명주기비용을 고려한 비용대 효과분석이 이루진다면 더욱 현실적인 분석이 가능할 것이다.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.1009-1017
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• 2011

A Ballistic Missile(BM) is a missile that follows a sub-orbital ballistic flightpath with the objective of delivering one or more wardheads to a predetermined target and An Anti-Ballistic Missile(ABM) is a missile designed to destroy a ballistic missile before reaching its target. The main objective of this study is to assess the requirement of ABM by considering both flight characteristic of the SCUD-B/C, Nodong missiles and intercept performance of ABM in the Lower tier Ballistic Missile Defense(BMD). The Ballistic Missile's flight characteristics, such as trajectory, velocity etc., are estimated by simulation using the physical motion equations. The requirement of ABM is calculated by evaluating whether the BMD forces can defend those when the ballistic missiles attack prime facilities.

• 한국국방경영분석학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.176-187
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• 2006

탄도미사일은 비행속도가 매우 빠르고 불안정한 하강운동에 기인하는 나선형과 같은 고유의 특이한 비행운동으로 인해 정확한 비행궤적의 추정이 어렵다. 이 논문은 탄도미사일의 비행궤적 특성에 대한 종합적인 해석을 기술한다. 최대사거리를 포함 다양한 미사일 비행사거리에 따른 비행궤적특성이 해석적 방법에 의해 도출되었다. 최대사거리를 줄여 발사했을 때 비행특성에 따른 위협이 급격히 증가됨을 해석적으로 나타냈다. 이 연구는 하층미사일방어체계 구축의 운용개념 설정에 대한 기반연구이다.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.523-536
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• 2013

A recent air defense missile system is required to have a capability to intercept short-range super-high speed targets such as tactical ballistic missile(TBMs) by performing engagement control efficiently. Since flight time and distance of TBM are very short, the missile defense system should be ready to engage a TBM as soon as it takes an indication of the TBM launch. As a result, it has to predict TBM trajectory accurately with cueing information received from an early warning system, and designate search direction and volume for own radar to detect/track TBM as fast as it can, and also generate necessary engagement information. In addition, it is needed to engage TBM accurately via transmitting tracked TBM position and velocity data to the corresponding intercept missiles. In this paper, we proposed a method to estimate TBM trajectory based on the Kepler's law for the missile system to detect and track TBM using the cueing information received before the TBM arrives the apogee of the ballistic trajectory, and analyzed the bias of prediction error in terms of the transmission period of cueing data between the missile system and the early warning system.