• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.347-354
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• 2014

PURPOSE: This study was to examine changes in muscle activity of lower extremity shoes sole form (high heels, shoes with curved out sole, house shoes). METHODS: The subjects of this study were 12 women in their twenties. They put three kinds of shoes (high heels, shoes with curved out sole, house shoes) and walked 5m. The muscles activities of lower extremity muscles (rectus femoris, vastus medialis, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius medial part) were measured using a wireless electromyogram (EMG). Rectus femoris was attached to 1/2 position at the distance between ASIS and knee bone and vastus medials was attached to 2cm from upper inside of knee bone. Tibialis anterior was attached to 75% position above line connecting knee joint and ankle joint and gastrocnemius medial part was attached to 3 5% position above knee joint and ankle. RESULTS: It was found that there were significant differences in changes of muscles activities of lower extremity muscles (rectus femoris, vastus medialis, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius medial part) on shoes sole forms (p<.05). All lower extremity muscles were showed high muscles activities, when high heels wear (p<.05). Wearing shoes with curved out sole was showed high muscle activity of tibialis anterior and lower muscle activity of gastrocnemius medial part compared with wearing house shoes (p<.05). CONCLUSION: Shoes sole form should be considered when patients with knee and ankle joint problems choose shoes because muscles were showed different activities according to shoes sole forms.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.1262-1269
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• 2004

This study predicts muscle forces acting on the lower extremity when the knee joint is in deep flexion. The whole body was approximated as a link model, and then the moment equilibrium equations at the lower extremity joints were derived far given reaction farces against the ground. Measurement of deep flexion was carried out by placing ten markers on the body. This study calculated the moment acting at each Joint from the equations of force and moment, classified the complicated muscles around the knee joint, and then predicted the muscle forces to balance the joint moment. Two models were proposed in this study: the simpler one that consists of three groups of muscle and the more detailed one of nine groups of muscle.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.1288-1293
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• 2003

This study predicts muscle forces acting on the lower extremity when the knee joint is in deep flexion. The whole bodies were approximated as a link model, and then the moment equilibrium equations at the lower extremity joints were derived for given reaction forces against the ground. Measurement of deep flexion was carried out by placing ten markers on the body. This study calculated the moment acting at each joint from the equations of force and moment, classified the complicated muscles around the knee joint. and then predicted the muscle forces to balance the joint moment. Two models were proposed in this study: the simpler one that consists of three groups of muscle and the more detailed one of nine groups of muscle.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.293-302
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• 2012

Background & Purpose : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impairment of SVMC(selective voluntary motor control) of the lower extremity by assessing each joints of lower limb and to analyze the motional relationship between each joints of lower limb using SCALE(Selective Control Assessment of the Lower Extremity) during the swing phase of gait cycle in children with spastic diplegia. Method : 11 children with spastic diplegia CP who could walk independently and 10 normal developing children were participated. SCALE(Selective Control Assessment of the Lower Extremity) assessments were conducted for 11 children with CP. Gait analysis were accomplished in all participants. Qualisys motion analysis was used as a statistical tool to assess the motional relationship between hip joint, knee joint and ankle joint in each limb. We used descriptive statistics, cross-tabulation, independent t-test, linear regression to analysis motional relationship between each joints of lower limb using by SPSS ver.17.0. Result : Firstly, there were significant differences in SCALE scores between the cerebal palsy group and the control group in knee joint(p<0.05), but no significant difference in hip and ankle joints during the swing phase of gait cycle. Secondly, the difference of SCALE scores showed no statistical motional difference in knee and ankle joints during the swing phase, and showed significant motional difference in hip joints during the swing phase(p<0.05). Thirdly, there was a liner relationship between the motion of hip and ankle joints during the swing phase. Conclusion : The nature of SVMC(selective voluntary motor control) in each joints of the lower limb may reflect the ability of gait, thus SCALE may be used for assessing and for treating the cerebal palsy patients who are able to walk independently. Also we knew that the impairment of SVMC(selective voluntary motor control) increases from the proximal to the distal joints.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.133-144
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to analyze the joint moment on lower extremity during a developpe devant. Data were collected by Kwon3D, KwonGRF program. Two professional modem female dancers were participated in this experiment. Subjects performed a developpe devant in meddle heights. On the axes of X, Y, Z, it was shown that the maximum joint moment was occurred in hip joint. The moments are plotted during developpe devant. The ankle muscles generate a plantar flexion moment and the knee muscles generate a flexion moment and The hip muscles generate a extension moment. So these muscles of joint muscles were known to play a key role in keeping the body balance while doing developpe devant. In addition adduction moment occurred at hip, knee, an ankle in the order of amount, we could assume from this data that him out motion started from the hip joint. There was small active turn out possible below the hip joint. A small amount of extra turn out could be obtained when standing because of flexion between the foot and floor, which could be used to give a passive external rotation force to the whole leg and this could produce a rotation between the knee and foot. This passive external rotation could produce very damaging results. Therefore, lower extremity joint muscles such as hip, knee, and ankle muscle should be trained to keep the body balance and prevent injury during developpe devant performance. And for the safe and perfect turn ort performance, hip joint abduction, the most important external rotating muscle for him out is needed to train and full stretching should be done in advance.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.406-413
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• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of taping technique applied to knee instability. Design: Cross sectional study. Methods: Twenty-six participants with knee instabilityparticipated in this study. They were randomly assigned to the Kinesio taping (KT) group (n=13) and the dynamic taping (DT) group (n=13). Both groups applied knee stabilization taping techniques. In order to compare the effects of each taping technique, the change in the landing error scoring system (LESS) and lower extremity joint angle wasrecorded before and after the intervention. Results: Both groups significantly decreased in the change before and after the LESS (p<0.05). At the joint angle of the lower extremities, KT group significantly reduced the valgus angle at the max knee flexion (p<0.05). In DT group knee joint flexion and hip joint flexion angles were significantly increased at foot contact (p<0.05). In max knee flexion, the knee joint flexion angle was significantly increased (p<0.05). In foot contact, max knee flexion, the knee joint valgus angle was significantly increased (p<0.05). DT group showed more significant changes in knee joint flexion angle at foot contact and hip joint flexion angle at max knee flexion. Conclusions: Dynamic taping is a clinically applicable intervention method for lowering the risk of non-contact injury in participants with knee instability and for knee stability during rehabilitation exercises.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to analyze the biomechanical differences of lower extremity joints of the frontal plane during sidestep cutting in male and female Judo athletes. In the knee and hip joint, the female group showed a smaller angle than the male group at the time of IC(initial contact). But peak knee joint adduction moment of female group was greater than male group(p<.05). Therefore, female Judo athletes were more likely to injure their knees at the point where their initial foot contacted the ground than male athletes during sidestep cutting.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.spc1
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• pp.371-376
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• 2005

Relative contributions of lower extremity joints on the support moment were investigated in this study. Three-dimensional gait analyses were performed in normal walking and in unexpected step-down walking. For both gait studies, inverse dynamics were performed to obtain each joint moment of the lower extremity, which was applied to the forward dynamics simulation to determine the contributions on the support moment at different phases of walking. The forward dynamic simulation results showed that, in normal walking, the ankle plantar flexors contributed significantly during single-limb-support. However, the ankle plantar flexors, knee extensors and hip extensors worked together during double-limb-support. In unexpected step-down walking, the important contributors on the support of the body during single-limb-support were not only ankle plantar flexors but also knee extensors. This study, analyzing the relative contributions of the lower limb joint moments for the body support, would be helpful to understand different unexpected walking conditions and compensatory mechanisms for various pathological gaits.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.105-108
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• 2011

The purpose of the present study was to analyze the lower stiffness over the difference between soft and stiff landings during hopping. Five male subjects performed hopping on two legs at 2.5 Hz. During the experiments, 3D motion capture system was used to obtain the kinematic data and two force plates were synchronized to calculate the kinetic data. We determined lower extremity stiffness of the knee and ankle from kinetic and kinematic data. Leg stiffness was approximately 1.2-times significantly higher in stiff landing than in soft landing_ There was no significant difference in knee joint stiffness between soft and stiff landings. Ankle joint stiffness was approximately 1.34-times significantly higher in stiff landing than in soft landing. These results suggest that humans adjust lower extremity stiffness over the comparison of two different landing methods we evaluated.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.189-195
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• 2013

Purpose: We investigated a statistical difference of tibial-articular surface (TAS) angles between radiographs of standing ankle anteroposterior (AP) and whole lower extremity view, and evaluated whether the tibial axis obtained from the standing ankle AP view reflects the original mechanical axis of lower extremity. Materials and Methods: Both the standing ankle AP and whole lower extremity view were taken from 60 legs of 30 healthy volunteers without a history of ankle surgery or deformity of lower limb. To determine the tibial axis, Takakura's and Hintermann's method were employed in the standing ankle AP view. To compare these results with the original TAS angle, ANOVA and multiple comparison test were used. Results: The mean TAS angle was 88.3 degrees(from hip joint to ankle), 89.5 degrees (from knee joint to ankle), 88.5 degrees (Takakura's method), and 90.2 degrees(Hintermann's method). Although there was a statistical significance (p=0.000) between these results, Takakura's method had no significant difference, compared to the results of whole extremity view by the multiple comparison test. Conclusion: The tibial axis obtained by Takakura's method reflects the original mechanical axis of lower extremity. When a surgical procedure is planned, however, it is necessary to consider that the ankle radiographs do not provide any information on the proximal deformity without the whole lower extremity view.