• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.172-177
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• 2008

The epithelioid sarcoma is a rare high grade soft tissue sarcoma that affects young usually male, adults or adolescents. The most common localization is the hand and the forearm, followed by the leg and the foot. In most cases, the sarcoma grows slowly, involves the dermis, subcutis, or deeper soft tissues in the distal extremities. Epithelioid sarcoma is a slowly growing tumor with a high propensity for local recurrences and lymph node metastases. This neoplasm is likely to be confused with a variety of benign and malignant conditions. The treatment consists of wide surgical excision, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. We report the cases of 16-year-old girl with an epithelioid sarcoma on the lower extremity.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.89-95
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of visual information on movement time and each angular velocity of trunk and lower extremity joints while healthy adults are in sitting and squat motion. Methods: Participants consisted of 20 healthy male and female adults; movement time and each angular velocity of trunk, pelvis, hip, knee and ankle of sitting and squat motion according to common vision, visual task and visual block were analyzed using a three dimensional motion analysis system. Results: Each angular velocity of the trunk, pelvis, hip, knee and ankle in phase 2 of the sitting showed significant difference according to the types of visual information (p<0.05). Movement time and each angular velocity of pelvis and hip in phase 2 of squat motion showed significant difference according to the types of visual information (p<0.05). According to the common vision, each angular velocity of knee and ankle in phase 1 was significantly fast in sitting (p<0.05). According to the common vision, each angular velocity of trunk, pelvis, hip, knee, and ankle in phase 2 was significantly fast in sitting (p<0.05). Conclusion: Visual information affects the angular velocity of the motion in a simple action such as sitting, and that in more complicated squat motion affects both the angular velocity and the movement time. In addition, according to the common vision, visual task and visual block, as angular velocities of all joints were faster in sitting than squat motion.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.285-293
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• 2024

Objective: This study investigated whether the acromion-table distance is associated with trapezius activity patterns during shoulder movements and the upper quarter Y-balance test (UQYBT). Additionally, it was to determine the correlation between upper, middle, and lower trapezius muscle activity. Design: Cross-sectional study Methods: Twenty-eight healthy young males participated in this study. Outcome measures included: (1) acromion-to-table distance, which assesses the scapular position, (2) trapezius muscle activity during shoulder flexion and abduction, and (3) the UQYBT, a measure of upper extremity function measured. Results: A significant negative correlation was observed between the acromion-table distance and the inferior-lateral direction reach distance of UQYBT (r=-0.499 and p=0.007). There were negative correlations between the upper and lower trapezius during shoulder flexion (r=-0.901, p < 0.001) and abduction (r=-0.661, p < 0.001), respectively. There was also a negative correlation between the upper and middle trapezius during shoulder abduction (r=-0.466, p=0.012). Conclusions: The acromion-table distance was related to the UQYBT. Anterior tilt of the scapula and limited range of motion of the shoulder may occur as the acromion-table distance increases. In addition, the acromion-table distance reflects the pectoralis minor muscle shortening, suggesting that the scapula position or the pectoralis minor shortening may influence the upper limb function. Therefore, these factors should be considered when assessing upper limb function using the UQYBT.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.447-453
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• 2005

The coverage of soft tissue defects around the knee joint or upper one third of lower leg presents a difficult challenge to the reconstructive surgeon. Various reconstructive choices are available depending on the location, size and depth of the defect. The authors present their clinical application of a medial sural artery perforator island flap as a useful alternative method for upper one third of lower leg and knee reconstruction. From 2002 to 2004, we operated total 4 patients (total 4 flaps) using the medial sural artey perforator island flap for coverage of the defect on upper one third of lower leg and knee, of 4 patients, 3 patients was men and one was woman. Average patient age was 54.6 years. The largest flap obtained was 10x8cm2. Postoperative follow up of the patients ranged from two to 33 months. In two cases, defects was located on upper one third of lower leg and in other two cases, defects were on the knee. All four cases had bone exposure open wound. In angiography, 2 cases had injured in the anterior tibial artery, 1 case had injured in the posterior tibial artery. There were no diabetes or other vascular disease. All 4 flaps were survived completely, without minor complications such as venous congestion and hematoma. Donor morbidity was restricted substantially to the donor linear scar. There were no functional impairment. As the main advantages of the medial sural perforator island flap, it ensures constant location and reliable blood supply without sacrificing any main source artery or damaging underlying muscle. This procedure is valuable extension of local flap for defect coverage with minimal functional deficit donor site and good aesthetic result on the defect. We consider it as one of the useful methods of the upper one third of lower leg and knee reconstruction.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.197-203
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine how exercise intensity affects muscle activity and kinematic variables during squat. Method: Fifteen trainers with >5 years of experience were recruited. For the electromyography (EMG) measurements, four surface electrodes were attached to both sides of the lower extremity to monitor the rectus femoris (RF) and biceps femoris. Three digital camcorders were used to obtain three-dimensional kinematics of the body. Each subject performed a squat in different conditions (40% one-repetition maximum [40%1RM], 60%1RM, and 80%1RM). For each trial being analyzed, three critical instants and two phases were identified from the video recording. For each dependent variable, one-way analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to determine whether there were significant differences among the three different conditions (p<.05). When a significant difference was found, post hoc analyses were performed using the contrast procedure. Results: The results showed that the average integrated EMG values of the RF were significantly greater in 80%1RM than in 40%1RM during the extension phase. The temporal parameter was significantly longer in 80%1RM than in 40%1RM and 60%1RM during the extension phase. The joint angle of the knee was significantly greater in 80%1RM than in 40%1RM at flexion. The range of motion of the knee was significantly less in 80%1RM than in 40%1RM and 60%1RM during the flexion phase and the extension phase. The angular velocity was significantly less in 80%1RM than in 40%1RM and 60%1RM during the extension phase. Conclusion: Generally, the increase of muscle strength decreases the pace of motion based on the relation between the strength and speed of muscle. In this study, we also found that the increase of exercise intensity may contribute to the increase of the muscle activity of the RF and the running time in the extension phase during squat motion. We observed that increased exercise intensity may hinder the regulation of the range of motion and joint angle. It is suitable to perform consistent movements while controlling the proper range of motion to maximize the benefit of resistance training.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.17-24
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• 2021

Background: The study aimed to examine changes in muscle activity by measuring the Q-angle and lower extremity activity when going down the stairs, after the application of either Mulligan taping or flossing bands to patients with chronic ankle instability. Methods: A total of 19 men with chronic ankle instability in their 20s and 30s participated in the study. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: the Mulligan taping group (n = 9) and the flossing band group (n=10). The Mulligan taping group had three sets of Mulligan joint operations repeated 10 times, after which the Mulligan tape was applied. The flossing band group either performed functional activities or exercised for 2 minutes after flossing band application. After the application of either Mulligan taping or flossing bands, changes in the Q-angle and lower limb muscular activity while going down the stairs were measured and compared. Results: In the Mulligan taping group, the Q-angle significantly decreased from 13.63° to 12.7° during the step down. Similarly, the Q-angle of the flossing band group significantly decreased from 15.95° to 15.48° (p<.05). There was no difference in lower limb muscle activity between the two groups when going down the stairs. The muscle activity of the tibialis anterior significantly increased from 34.12% to 40.2%, and the difference between the two groups were statistically significant (p<.05). Conclusions: The study found that the application of Mulligan taping and flossing bands to patients with chronic ankle instability decreased the Q-angle and lower limb muscle activity when going down the stairs.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.153-160
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• 2017

Gait analysis has been conducted in various environments, but the biomechanics during the transition from uphill walking to downhill walking have not been reported. The purpose of this study is to investigate the knee and ankle joint kinematics and kinetics during walking on a triangle-shaped slope compared with those during level walking. Kinematic and kinetic data of eighteen participants were obtained using a force plate and motion capture system. The greater peak ankle dorsiflexion angle and moment and the peak knee extension moment were observed (p<0.05) during both uphill and downhill walking on the triangle-shaped slope. In summary, uphill walking on a triangle-shaped slope, which showed a peak knee flexion of more than $50^{\circ}$ with greater peak knee extension moment, could increase the risk of patellofemoral pain syndrome. Downhill walking on a triangle-shaped slope, which involved greater ankle dorsiflexion excursion and peak ankle dorsiflexion, could cause gastrocnemius muscle strain and Achilles tendon overuse injury.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.34 no.10
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• pp.1345-1350
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• 2010

Sit-to-stand movement is a basic movement in daily activities. On the basis of this movement, the biomechanical functions of a person can be evaluated. The study of the joint kinematics, moment, and muscle coordination is necessary to understand the characteristics of the sit-to-stand movement. We have developed a motion-based program for inverse dynamics analysis and the electromyogram-based program for muscle force prediction. The joint kinematics and the kinetic results estimated on the basis of obtained motion data, ground reaction force, and electromyogram signals were compared with those reported in previous studies, and the muscle forces determined by the two methods were compared with each other. The methods and programs developed in this study can be used to understand biomechanics and muscle coordination involved in basic movements in daily activities.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.218-224
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• 2019

Objective: This reliability study examined the effects of applying varying induced inward pressures using a transducer placed at 0° neutral ankle position (NEU) and 15° ankle dorsiflexion (DF) on tibialis anterior (TA) muscle thickness using a custom-made device with a force indicator during rehabilitative ultrasound imaging. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Twenty-four healthy subjects were recruited in this study. Two examiners measured the muscle thickness of the TA at 0° NEU and 15° DF in 3 conditions of inward pressures (1.0 N, 2.0 N, and 4.0 N) using a custom-made holder. The muscle thickness was measured three times for each of the conditions arranged in random order. For intra- and inter-rater reliability, the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) with 95% confidence intervals, standard error of measurement, minimal detectable change, and coefficient of variation were analyzed. One-way repeated measures analysis of variance was conducted for investigating changes of TA muscle thickness according to the inward pressures of the transducers. Results: The intra-rater reliability of TA muscle thickness measurement was excellent (ICC_3,1: 0.92-0.96) for all conditions (at both ankle joint angles per varying inward pressure). Likewise, the inter-rater reliability of TA muscle thickness measurement was excellent (ICC_2,1: 0.89-0.97) under same conditions. The mean of TA thickness showed the trend of decreasing significantly with increased inward pressures at all ankle joint angles (p<0.05). Conclusions: Use of this custom-made device with a force indicator is useful to accomplish the high intra- and inter-rater reliability of TA muscle thickness measurement at both ankle joint angles in reducing the measurement error.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.239-248
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to quantify kinematic and kinetic characteristics of Yin-yang Bo gait according to their motor expertise, one of the Seokmun Ilwol martial art gait patterns. Yin-yang Bo gait pattern shows initial forefoot contact instead of heel contact, and increased time of stance phase time, internal-external rotation of ankle-knee-hip joints and pelvic. It aims to produce and store the more energy through continuous homeostasis of center of gravity (COG) and performance of stretch-shortening cycle. Some of these characteristics also were similar to the gait modification strategies for reducing knee adduction moment such as toe-out progression, medial thrust, internal rotation of hip joint. To identify the characteristics, four factors of expert Yin-yang Bo gait performance group were compared to that of none expert group; 1) angles of COG displacement and rotation 2) distal joint pre-rotation in internal-external rotation of ankle-knee-hip joints and pelvic, 3) invariability pelvic potential and pelvic segment total energy 4) knee abduction moment. Six healthy(three male) subjects participated in the experiment to perform Yin-yang gait pattern. Three-dimensional and force plate data were collected. Kinematic and kinetic data were compared between two groups using t-tests. Results showed that 1) the peak point of COG internal rotation angle was reduced in expert group, 2) kneeexternal and hip joint -internal and pelvic rotation angle peak frames were more near points in expert group.