• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.188-202
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• 2018

This study aimed to categorize women's body shapes by type after extracting prototypes of 25~34 year old Korean woman. The standardizing research service project conducted by the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy in 2005, divided the age ranges of adult women into three groups: 18~24 years (young), 25~34 years (young-adult) and 35~49 years (adult). This study utilized this age division method to create a concrete body type categorization schema with the most marriageable period, 25 to 34 years old as target age the target age group. We used, measurement data from the 7th Korean Human Body Size Survey (Size Korea) for the body shape analysis. We completed a statistical analysis using the statistical program SPSS 21. After creating the body types using CLO 3D, which is based on the 7th Korean human body measurements, we input data for the average size for each type into the Avata. We then compared and analyzed the cross sections using the Rapidform XOR program. The results of the type-specific characteristics are as follows: big square body of obese body, small square body of plain flat body with tall, plain square body of plain flat with short, triangular body of lower body obesity there was. Significantly, the results of this study should facilitate the development of various apparel products using mass customization or easy-order systems.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.29-41
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to improve the fitness of clothes by producing patterns considering body proportions at a time of producing clothes for export through extracting factors comprising body types and conducting comparative analysis of proportions by body part using body indexes of Korean women in their 20s living in both Korea and foreign countries. The study results are as follows. Factor analysis by group was conducted for body indexes in order to examine body types of Koreans living overseas. As a results, six factors were extracted from all of three groups; Joseonjok(Koreans living in China), Goryeoin(Koreans living in Russia) and Korean residents in Japan, and their explanatory powers were 60.42%, 63.62%, 63.15%, respectively. Obesity factor was extracted as the 1st factor, and the groups showed differences in other factors. As a result of proportion comparison using body indexes of Koreans living in foreign countries and Korea, it was found that, in height item, when regarding the height as 100, the length of the lower part of the body was long in the order of Goryeoin. Joseonjok, Koreans living in Korea and Korean residents in Japan. Also in width item, when regarding the waist as a standard, it was observed that Joseonjok people have the shoulders, the breasts and the hips that look relatively wider comparing with the width of the waists because they have very narrow waists and the width between shoulder length is big. In addition, the study examined proportions of the breast thickness/the breast width, the waist thickness/the waist width, the hip thickness/the hip width to height. From the analysis, it was found that breasts of Koreans living in Korea are flattest while their waists are slender, and Goryeoin and Joseonjok have round body shapes from the waist to the breast.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.939-946
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• 2009

This study is to classify the shape of the body by means of the drop value of the middle-age women. Drop value is based on the circumstances of the body deciding the dimentions of the clothes. Therefore, the study based on the drop value seems to decided the measurement of the clothes in making mass production of ready made clothes. In order to put measure items on this study of the value on 'The fifth survey of body measure of Korean', select 785 people in middle-aged women aged from 40 to 59. And considering the characteristic of upper-drop and lower-drop, and swelling belly by accumulated fat, selected five items(Bust Circumstance - Waist Circumstance, Hip Circumstance - Waist Circumstance, Hip Circumstance - Bust Circumstance, Waist Circumstance(Omphalion) - Waist Circumstance, Hip Circumstance - Waist Circumstance(Omphalion)). The result of the study is summarized as follows. Type 1, M type of the body showed the distribution of 32.5% and belonged to low body development style. The line of human body is the nearest of the four bodies in middle-age woman out of whole shapes of 4 types and the line of human body is close to middle-age woman. Type 2, X type of the body showed the distribution of 40.8% and the line of human body remarkably showed. Type 3, H type of the body showed the distribution of 12.4% and the line of human body appears least. This group was larger than any other group in having more fat in the belly above the circumstance of the hip than other groups. Type 4, Y type of the body showed the distribution of 14.4%. This type was upper half of body development style, waist was slender, and there was seldom the bend around the circumstance of belly and hip.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.367-375
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• 1995

The difference between self-evaluated obesity and obesity index of RBW and BMI as well as attitude toward weight control were studied among college students in Chungnam area. The subjects of 307 students were randomly selected and asked to categorize their body shape into 5 groups and to record their body weight and height. We found that average RBW and BMI of the students were 95.7% and 20.6, respectively. By RBW, 30.6% of students belonged to underweight and severe-underweight groups whereas 14.0% overweight and obesity ones. The female students showed lower obesity indice than the male. Self-evaluated obesity seemed likely to overestimate their body shapes above RBW and BMI, which lead to high unsatisfactioin toward their body shape. The overestimation was profound in normal weighted female students up to 20%. Misunderstanding about their obesity, especially among female college students, should be corrected necessarily by proper nutrition counseling and nutrition education, unless malnutrition could be serious in college students.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.369-374
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• 2004

This study aims to measure an apparent mass of a seated human body at the sitting posture in a passenger car in the frequency range from 1 to 20 Hz and to investigate the dynamic characteristics. Thirty subjects joined the test where eight levels of acceleration from $0.1m/s^2\;to\;2.0m/s^2$ were used to excite seated human body. Most of apparent mass curves showed two peaks in the frequency range of $4\sim9Hz$, first peak was clearer at the contact point of the seat and the hip, and the second one at the contact point of the backrest and the back. Both peak frequencies were found to move down to lower frequencies with increase of acceleration magnitude. Shapes of apparent mass curves were clearly different from those at erect posture especially in the frequency range around and above the second peak.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.386-395
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• 2011

The purpose of this research was to study food behaviors and nutrient intakes according to body mass index(BMI) and body image recognition in 211 female university students in Incheon. The majority of the surveyed subjects were in the normal range for BMI. Most of these female university students preferred a thin body type and were not satisfied with their body shapes. Most also controlled their body weight for appearance by exercising and limiting food intake. The obese group often ate processed foods(p<0.01) and ate out(p<0.05). The underweight group and normal-weight group took vitamins and supplements more frequently(p<0.001). Those students who recognized their body image as a 'fat shape' had good appetites(p<0.05) and those who recognized themselves as 'normal shape' considered food formulations ate every meal (p<0.05) and consumed vitamins and other supplements frequently(p<0.01). The mean calorie intake of all students was about 80% of the recommend amount, so there was a risk of lack of various nutrients. The 'fat' students by body image recognition had lower calorie intakes in order to reduce body weight. In all the groups, there was a lack of vitamins $B_1$ and $B_2$, as well as the minerals Ca and Fe. Therefore, education on correct body image recognition and training on proper weight control are deemed necessary. In addition, education and counseling on nutrition that are tailored to individual status are needed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.123-136
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• 2023

To develop smart sportswear capable of measuring biometric data, we created a close-fitting pattern using two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D, respectively) methods. After 3D virtual fitting, the tightness of each pattern was evaluated using image processing of contact points, mesh deviation, and cross-sectional shapes. In contact-point analysis, the 3D pattern showed high rates of contact with the body (84.6% and 93.1% for shirts and pants, respectively). Compared with the 2D pattern, the 3D pattern demonstrated closer contact at the lower chest, upper arm, and thigh regions, where electrocardiography and electromyography were primarily carried out. The overall average gap was also lower in the 3D pattern (5.27 and 4.66 mm in shirts and pants, respectively). In the underbust, waist, thigh circumference, and mid-thigh circumference, the cross-section distance between clothing and body was showed a statistically significant difference and evenly distributed in the 3D pattern, exhibiting more closeness. The tightness and fit of the 3D smart sportswear sensor pattern were successfully evaluated. We believe that this study is critical, as it facilitates the comparison of different patterns through visualization and digitization through 3D virtual fitting.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.1129-1136
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• 2005

The writer reports the conclusions gained from study about the cause of the hypersensitive large intestine syndrome with Dongeuibogam as the central figure through researching the disharmony among Body Essence, Vital Energy, Mentality, and Blood, mutual action of five viscera and six bowels, and external shapes. The hypersensitive large intestine syndrome is generally chronic and recurred in many cases, so it is more efficacious than symptomatic to treat according to find the contradictions of individual shapes. The shapes and cases suffering frequently the hypersensitive large intestine syndrome are Gi-kwa and Sin-kwa, having a long nose, having a bruised spot on Triple warmer, man with inclined mouth, Taeeum type, man with congested fluids, man with colic symptoms. The hypersensitive large intestine syndrome in Oriental medicine is recognized of diarrhea, constipation, abdominal pain, abdominal distention and fullness caused by seven emotions. In Dongeuibogam it can be found out the similarity in depressive symptoms due to disorder of Gi, stagnation of Gi, dysphasia due to disorder of Gi, diarrhea due to disorder of Gi, fullness of due to Gi, diarrhea due to phlegm-retention, retention of undigested food, immoderate drinking, hypo-function of the spleen, or deficiency, abdominal pain from colic symptom, and difficulty in defecation and urination, internal injury, diarrhea due to weakness and fatigue. If the Jung, Gi, Sin, and Hyul composed the human body is broken harmony, the function of large intestinal transmission would be fallen, so similar symptoms like the hypersensitive large intestine syndrome are gotten. Especially Gi-kwa suffers diarrhea, constipation abdominal pain, and abdominal distention and fullness due to depressive symptoms from disorder of Seven emotions or Seven Gi. And Sin-kwa suffers from the hypersensitive large intestine syndrome due to emotional restlessness having an influence on rhythmic movement of abdomen. Examining between five viscera and six bowels and the hypersensitive large intestine syndrome, Liver cannot disperse well having influence on mutual relation of Liver-Large intestine, Heart reduces the function of defecation and urination not to control the seven emotions, Lung having exterior and interior relation with intestine has an influence on primordial energy and let the main symptoms occur, Spleen circulating the body fluid let the main symptoms occur due to malfunction of circulation, Kidney locating in lower part of the body has deep connection with intestine, so let the disorder. Urinary bladder is connected with intestine in moisture metabolism, Stomach is connected in receive and transmission, Small intestine is connected in absorption and excretion, from small intestine pain disturbing the abdominal movement, Samcho managing the catharsis of lower heater if declined its function causes the hypersensitive large intestine syndrome. The colic symptoms of Front private parts which disorder in lower abdomen give rise to abdominal pains, difficulty in defecation and urination due to Cold are similar to the hypersensitive large intestine syndrome. The treatments of applying the shapes of colic syndrome advocated by Master Park can be efficacious cure in clinic. Researching after the clinical cases of Master Park advocating Hyungsang medicine, we came to know that plenty of prescriptions of internal injury are applied and take good effects.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.775-784
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• 2010

Purpose: The study was conducted to describe body shapes of school age children using the degree of obesity index (DOI) and body mass index obesity index classified by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (M-BOI) and Seoul Metropolitan Office of Education (S-BOI). Methods: In this cross sectional descriptive study health screening data for school children collected in 2007 was used. Results: Data were analyzed for 2,193 4th-6th grade boys (52%) and girls who attended 4 schools in rural areas. DOI determined that only 44.3% of students had average weight. This proportion was much lower than the results of other methods (74.3-77.6%). All three methods defined girls (51.3-61.8%) as skinnier than boys. Skinny and average body shaped children classified by DOI and obese children classified by S-BOI were heavier and taller and presented higher degrees of obesity (DO) and BMI scores than by other methods. M-BOI and S-BOI presented statistically significant positive correlations with weight, height, DO and BMI, while DOI was not correlated with height. Conclusion: BMI based body shape classifications provide a more rigorous classification of body shape which are favorable for school health professionals with limited resources and policy makers for internationally comparable references.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.123-139
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• 2009

This study was to investigate the body perception and dietary attitude of adolescents in relation to self-esteem. Total of 1,030 middle school students in Bucheon were participated. Data were collected from July 14 to 21, 2008. by questionnaire, and analyzed by the SPSS V. 12.0 program. The research findings were summarized as that there was considerable mismatch between perceived body shapes and actual obesity status of the subjects, 52% of the boys, 36% of the girls, and 43% of the total participants, which indicated that perception of own body shapes was distorted. The girls and obese group tended to be more unsatisfied with their body weights than boys and underweight group, respectively. The dietary attitude scores were higher in boys than girls in all obesity groups, with the obese girls the lowest score. There were differences in self-esteem scores among the obesity groups with the underweight group the highest and the obese group the lowest. Self-esteem scores of boys were higher than girls in all 4 obesity groups. The body perception and dietary attitude were correlated with self-esteem in both boys and girls. It is shown that the more negative perception on their body shape, and the worse dietary attitude they had, the lower self-esteem both the boys and girls had.