• Progress in Superconductivity
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.87-91
• /
• 2012

Metallic magnetic calorimeters (MMCs) are one of the most competitive low temperature detector (LTD) readout sensors. They have the advantages of high time resolution, no heat dissipation, and a wide range of operating temperature. We apply MMCs to our neutrinoless double beta decay ($0v{\beta}{\beta}$) search experiment. A $CaMoO_4$ crystal was employed as both a source of $0v{\beta}{\beta}$ and an energy absorber. The crystal was thermally connected to a MMC sensor. We set a simple thermal model for this detector and measured pulse shapes are compared with a numerical solution of the thermal model.

• Macromolecular Research
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.87-91
• /
• 2003

Thermal decomposition reactions of polystyrene using a new heating medium were carried out by a batch system at 190-280 $^{\circ}C$ to clarify the manner in which decomposition is initiated. Polystyrene obtained from a commercial source and low molecular weight compounds obtained from the thermal decomposition were analyzed by GC, GPC, IR, $^{13}$ C-NMR and GC-MS. The main chain underwent virtually no change by heat application. Polystyrene underwent decomposition below its molding temperature and the major decomposition products were 2,4,6-triphenyl-1-hexene (trimer), 2,4-diphenyl-1-butene(dimer) and styrene (monomer). Ethylbenzene, propylbenzene, naphthalene, benzaldehyde, biphenyl and 1,3-diphenylpropane were detected as minor products. This paper presents a new method for examining the decomposition of polystyrene at low temperature into volatile low molecular weight compounds.

• 에너지공학
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.18-23
• /
• 2005

본 연구는 저온축열물질로서 TMA(Tri-methyl-amine, (CH₃)₃N)를 20～25 wt％로 포함하고 있는 TMA-물계 포접화합물의 냉각특성에 대하여 냉열원온도 -5℃에서 실험적으로 연구를 수행하였다. 연구결과, TMA의 질량농도가 증가할수록 상변화온도와 비열이 증가하였으며, 과냉도가 감소하고 액상유지시간이 단축되었다 특히, TMA 25wt%를 포함한 TMA-물계 포접화합물은 상변화온도 평균 5.8℃, 과냉도 8.0℃, 액상유지시간 10분, 비열 4.099kJ/kg℃를 나타내었다. 본 연구의 결과로부터 TMA-물계 포접화합물은 물보다 높은 상변화온도를 나타내었으며, 과냉도가 감소하고, 액상유지시간이 단축되는 과냉각 억제효과를 확인 할 수 있었다.

• 한국지열·수열에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.36-47
• /
• 2012

Time-series variation of groundwater temperature in Mongolia shows that maximum temperature is occured from end of October to the first of February(winter time) and minimum temperature is observed from end of April to the first of May(summer time). Therefore ground temperature is s a good source for space heating in winter and cooling in summer. Groundwater temperatures monitored from 3 alluvial wells in Ulaabaatar at depth between 20 and 24 m are $(4.43{\pm}0.8)^{\circ}C$ with average of $4.21^{\circ}C$ but mean annual ground temperature(MAGT) at the depth of 100 m in Ulaanbaatar was about $3.5{\sim}6.0^{\circ}C$. Bore hole length required to extract 1 RT's heat energy from ground in heating time and to reject 1 RT's heat energy to ground in summer time are estimated about 130 m and 98 m respectively. But in case that thermally enhanced backfill and U tube pipe placement along the wall are used, the length can be reduced about 25%. Due to low MAGT of Ulaabaatar such as $6^{\circ}C$, the required length of GHX in summer cooling time is less than the one of winter heating time. Mongolia has enough available property, therefore the most cost effective option for supplying a heating energy in winter will be horizontal GHX which absorbs solar energy during summer time. It can supply 1 RT's ground heat energy by 570 m long horizontally installed GHX.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.35-41
• /
• 2007

To demonstrate the desalination system, the demo-plant was scheduled to be installed. The system was planned to use solar thermal collector as heat source and PV as electricity source. For the design of the desalination demonstration system, firstly the solar thermal system would be well designed from the result between the supplied heat into the fresh water generator and the fresh water yield. The generator for demonstration system was chosen as the fresh water generator of the single stage and effect with plate-type heat exchanger using low pressure evaporation method. The test facility for the tests to reveal the relationship between the fresh water yield and the supplied heat flow rate was designed and manufactured. The maximum fresh water yield of two fresh water generators applied in this study was designed as 1.5 Ton/day. The parameters relating with the performance of fresh water generator are known as sea water inlet temperature, hot water inlet temperature, and hot water flow rate. Through the experiments, this study firstly showed detail operation characteristics of the generator and designed the solar thermal system for the demonstration system.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한설비공학회 2009년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
• /
• pp.544-549
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate the field Operation Characteristics of a sea water heat source cascade heat pump system and system applicable to Building. Cascade heat pump system is composed R410A compressor, R134a compressor, EEV, cascade heat exchanger, Plate heat exchanger etc. Building area is $890m^2$ and has five floors above ground. R410A is used for a low-stage working fluid while R134a is for a high-stage. The system could runs at dual mode. One is mode of general R410A refrigeration cycle in summer and the other is cascade cycle. In order to gain a high temperature supply water in winter season, the system is designed to perform a cascade cycle. The filed test results show that the sea water heat source heat pump system exhibits a COP of about 5.5 in cooling mode along with a heating COP of about 4.0 in 1-stage heating mode. Cascade 2-stage heat pump system is enough to supply $60^{\circ}C$ water and heating COP is about 3.0

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한설비공학회 2005년도 동계학술발표대회 논문집
• /
• pp.392-397
• /
• 2005

This study is investigated the supercooling improvement and the phase change temperature of the TMA clathrate compound including TMA(Tri-Methyl-Amine, ($(CH_3)_3N$) of 25 wt% with additive as a low temperature storage material at $6^{\circ}C$ and $-7^{\circ}C$ of heat source. The additive is ethanol of 0.1, 0.3 wt% and 0.5 wt%. The results showed that as the concentration of ethanol is increased, the phase change temperature, the degree of supercooling and the retention time of liquid phase are decreased. Especially, TMA 25 wt% clathrate compound with ethanol of 0.5wt% has the average of phase change temperature of $3.8^{\circ}C$, degree of supercooling of $0.9^{\circ}C$, $0.8^{\circ}C$ and retention time of liquid phase for 6, 5 minutes at $-6^{\circ}C$, $-7^{\circ}C$ of heat source. From the results of this study, TMA 25wt% clathrate compound with ethanol 0.5wt% showed supercooling repression effect.

• 공업화학
• /
• 제31권6호
• /
• pp.660-667
• /
• 2020

본 연구의 대상은 에폭시 레진 생산 공정으로 155 ℃ 이상의 고온 스팀을 열원으로 사용하고 있으며 공정에서 생성되는 응축수는 전량 버려지고 있다. 공정의 일부는 70 ℃ 이하의 저온으로 운전되므로 버려지는 응축수를 재활용하여 저온 공정의 열원으로 사용한다면 스팀 사용량 저감이 가능하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 응축수 재활용을 통해 폐열을 회수하여 스팀 사용량을 저감할 수 있는 공정을 제시하고 모델을 개발하였다. 최적의 응축수 재활용 공정을 찾기 위한 사례연구를 진행하였고, 각 사례의 연간 자본 비용 및 스팀 저감 비용을 비교하여 경제성 평가를 실시하였다. 제안된 공정에서 응축수 회수를 통해 저온 공정에 사용하는 스팀 사용량을 연간 최대 67.6%까지 저감하여 최대 연 522.1 백만원의 추가 수익의 확보가 가능함을 확인하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제57권3호
• /
• pp.543-567
• /
• 2016

This study attempts to address the buckling and free vibration characteristics of an isotropic cylindrical panel subjected to non-uniform temperature rise using numerical approach. Finite element analysis has been used in the present study. The approach involves three parts, in the first part non-uniform temperature field is obtained using heat transfer analysis, in the second part, the stress field is computed under the thermal load using static condition and, the last part, the buckling and pre-stressed modal analysis are carried out to compute critical buckling temperature as well as natural frequencies and associated mode shapes. In the present study, the effect of non-uniform temperature field, heat sink temperatures and in-plane boundary constraints are considered. The relation between buckling temperature under uniform and non-uniform temperature fields has been established. Results revealed that decrease (Case (ii)) type temperature variation field influences the fundamental buckling mode shape significantly. Further, it is observed that natural frequencies under free vibration state, decreases as temperature increases. However, the reduction is significantly higher for the lowest natural frequency. It is also found that, with an increase in temperature, nodal and anti-nodal positions of free vibration mode shapes is shifting towards the location where the intensity of the heat source is high and structural stiffness is low.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제19권5호
• /
• pp.403-409
• /
• 2008

Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is very interesting power source due to high power density, simple construction and operation at low temperature. But it has problems such as high cost, improvement of performance, effect of temperature and initial start at low temperature. These problems can be approached to be solved by using experiment and mathematical method which are general principles for analysis and optimization of control system for heat and hydrogen detecting management. In this paper, insulation vessel and control system for stable operation of fuel cell at low temperature were developed for experiment. The constant temperature capability and the heating time at sub-zero temperatures with insulation control system were studied by using a heating bar of 60W class. PEMFC stack which was made by 4 cells with $50\;mc^2$ active area in each cell is a thermal source. Times which take to reach constant temperature by the state of insulation vacuum were measured at variable environment temperatures. The test was performed at two conditions: heating mode and cooling mode. Constant temperature capability was better at lower environment temperature and vacuum pressure. The results of this experiment could be used as basis data about stable operation of fuel cell stack in low temperature zone.