• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.231-237
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• 2009

This study was performed to investigate the changes of the serological lipid-related parameters of the rats when they were fed with the high fat diets supplemented with or without naringin for five weeks. Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley male rats($272.2{\pm}7.2$ g of body weight) were randomly divided into three groups(eight rats per each group) : control(C) group and two treatment groups. Rats in the C group were fed with the high-fat diet containing 15% lard, 1% cholesterol and 0.5% sodium cholate(w/w) which was modified from the formula of the American Institute of Nutrition-76(AIN-76) diet. Rats in treatment groups were fed with above diet supplemented with 0.1% naringin(N-0.1) or 0.2% naringin(N-0.2) on the weight to weight basis, respectively. The supplementation of naringin did not induce any significant difference on the final body weight, gain of body weight, the amount of feed intake and the feed efficiency of rats in between control and treatment groups. In addition the levels of glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin and albumin/globulin(A/G) ratio in sera of rats showed no significant differences between control and treatment groups. The levels of total cholesterol(TC) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C)in sera of rats in both N-0.1 and N-0.2 groups were significantly lower than in C group(p<0.05). The levels of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C) were significantly higher in both N-0.1 and N-0.2 groups than in C group(p<0.05). The values of atherogenic index(AI) were significantly lower in both N-0.1 and N-0.2 groups than in C group(p<0.05). The levels of triglyceride in sera of rats showed no significant differences between control and treatment groups. The values of AST and ALT were significantly lower in both N-0.1 and N-0.2 groups than in C group(p<0.05). Therefore the supplementation of naringin to high fat diet in rats reduced effectively the serum lipid levels such as TC and LDL-C and AI which were regarded as to cause the cardiovascular diseases, and moreover it elevated the HDL-C value effectively which was regarded to protect cardiovascular diseases.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.103-120
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• 2005

During the 1970s, concern arose that cured meats contained high levels of residual nitrite and preformed nitrosamines. Therefore, the search for alternatives and alternative approaches to the use of nitrite have been still continued, however no complete alternative for nitrite has yet been identified. Recently, it was publicized in Korea that nitrite-containing meat products would be detrimental to health, about which consumers have been seriously concerned. Therefore, this study was carried out to inform the consumer of the safety status of nitrite and thereby to lead proper consumption of meat products. For assessing the safety of nitrite, data regarding the regulation for use, metabolism in human body, and dietary intake amounts of nitrite were collected and analyzed. The mean intake level of nitrite for Korean per capita was recently reported to be not more than 1% of ADI set by JECFA. On the contrary, a calculation indicated that the daily nitrite intake per capita from saliva by ingestion of vegetables in Korea would be about 300-fold higher than that from cured meats. In consideration of the low consumption amount of meat products per capita of Korean, that is, at least one fifth, compared to European and American, there is no particular reason to concern about the impairment of health by nitrite intake from meat products for Korean. However, any effort for the reduction of residual nitrite content in cured meats should be given with an idea to minimize the intake of nitrite even from the minor source.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.722-729
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• 1997

The study was undertaken to extend the shelf life of filleted and salted fishes such as mackerel and jacopever. These filleted and salted fishes were dehydrated by dewatering sheet containing sodium polyacrylate resin at $5{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, wrapped with low density polyethylene film, and then stored at $-18{\pm}2^{\circ}C$. During the frozen storage, the change of brown pigment formation, peroxide value, carbonyl value, drip formation content in the cold-osmotic dehydrated fishes after salt dipping were much lower than those of non-dehydrated ones. Moreover, the proteins and Ca-ATPase in the cold-osmotic dehydrated fishes after salt dipping were more stable than those of non-dehydrated ones during frozen storage. It was supposed that the cold-osmotic dehydration pretreatment processing for filleted and salted fishes was useful in improvement of the frozen storage stability.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1059-1064
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• 1996

The inhibitory effects of chitosan on mutagenicity induced by 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido [4,3-b] indole (Trp-P-2), sodium azide (SA), 2-nitrofluorene (2-NF), and 4-nitroquinoline oxide (4-NQO) were investigated using Salmonella typhimurium reversion assay and SOS Chromotest. In Salmonella typhimurium reversion assay. Chitosan showed 24-65% of inhibitory effect against the mutagenicity of an indirect-acting mutagen, Trp-P-2. On the other hand, no inhibitory effect was observed against the mutagenicity of direct-acting mutagens (2-NF, SA). In SOS chromotest. chitosan showed 46-49% effects on SOS function induced by 4-NQO. Chitosan inhibited the mutagenicity induced by Trp-P-2 with 9-39% of inhibition rate. It was also evaluated whether inhibitory effect of chitosan is due to its bio-antimutagenic or desmutagenic action. Chitosan at high concentrations showed a bio-antimutagenicity with dose-dependent manner, but it showed a desmutagenicity at low concentrations against the mutation induced by Trp-P-2.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.893-902
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• 2011

Endophytic fungi are little known for their role in gibberellins (GAs) synthesis and abiotic stress resistance in crop plants. We isolated 10 endophytes from the roots of field-grown soybean and screened their culture filtrates (CF) on the GAs biosynthesis mutant rice line - Waito-C. CF bioassay showed that endophyte GMH-1B significantly promoted the growth of Waito-C compared with controls. GMH-1B was identified as Penicillium minioluteum LHL09 on the basis of ITS regions rDNA sequence homology and phylogenetic analyses. GC/MS-SIM analysis of CF of P. minioluteum revealed the presence of bioactive $GA_4$ and $GA_7$. In endophyte-soybean plant interaction, P. minioluteum association significantly promoted growth characteristics (shoot length, shoot fresh and dry biomasses, chlorophyll content, and leaf area) and nitrogen assimilation, with and without sodium chloride (NaCl)-induced salinity (70 and 140 mM) stress, as compared with control. Field-emission scanning electron microcopy showed active colonization of endophyte with host plants before and after stress treatments. In response to salinity stress, low endogenous abscisic acid and high salicylic acid accumulation in endophyte-associated plants elucidated the stress mitigation by P. minioluteum. The endophytic fungal symbiosis of P. minioluteum also increased the daidzein and genistein contents in the soybean as compared with control plants, under salt stress. Thus, P. minioluteum ameliorated the adverse effects of abiotic salinity stress and rescued soybean plant growth by influencing biosynthesis of the plant's hormones and flavonoids.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.1475-1483
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• 2006

This study was carried out to examine the optimum processing conditions of seasoned semi-dried oyster, and to investigate its food component characteristics. Three types of semi-dried oyster were prepared: semi-dried oyster prepared without seasoning and coating (C), seasoned semi-dried oyster without coating (S) and seasoned semi-dried oyster coated with alginate (SA). SA was high in moisture (48.6%), while low in lipid (2.8%), and crude protein (25.9%) compared to those of C and S. Hardness and sensory scores of SA were $209.8g/cm^2$ and $3.9\sim4.5$ points, respectively. Total amino acid content (24,299 mg/100 g) of SA was lower than that (27,181 mg/100 g) of C, and the major amino acids were aspartic acid, glutamic acid, leucine and Lysine. The major fatty acids of SA were 16:0 (25.5%) as saturates and EPA (23.5%) and DHA (9.3%) as polyenes. Calcium and phosphorus contents of SA were 42.6 mg/100 g and 245.5 mg/100 g, respectively.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.664-669
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• 2000

Micellar aggregates are known to be useful for the selective isolation of biologically active materials such as amino acids, proteins, and enzymes from crude mixtures sparsely dispersed in water. In this study, the effects of pH, salt type and its concentration on the solubilization of $\alpha$-chymotrypsin into the organic micellar phase, which consisted of AOT (sodium 야(2-ethylhexy)sulfosuccinate) and iso-octane, were comprehensively examined. It was found that maximum extraction efficiency was attained at a pH below the isoelectric point of $\alpha$-chymotrypsin; at pH=5.0 for NaCl and KCl, and at pH=7.0 for $CaCl_2$and $MgCl_2$. In order to avoid complications stemming from the precipitationof protein at low pH interfaces, the protein concentrations in the organic and aqueous phases were directly measured. The size of the micelle water pool was estimated by measuring the molar ratio of the surfactant to the water, W(sub)o. The resulting values of W(sub)o were nearly constant at 30 and 19 for NaCl and KCl, respectively, and were independent of pH. The addition of 1:2 salts like $MgCl_2$and $CaCl_2$ led to much lower, but a constant value of, W(sub)o than the 1:1 salts.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.263-273
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• 2017

Numerous studies have investigated quantifying dietary intake according to the weight status of children and adolescents. However, studies on differences in quality among diets remain scarce. This study compared diet quality by weight status and examined correlations between quality of diet and obesity in children and adolescents. Two hundred fourteen children and adolescents aged between 9 and 18 years participated in this study (Normal weight n=104, Obesity n=110). The data related to food intake were investigated by dietary records, Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I), and Nutrition Quotient (NQ) and then compared with Dietary Reference Intakes for Korean (KDRIs). In DQI-I, moderation factor (control of unhealthy foods) score was 21.7 in the normal weight group and 19.5 in the obesity group. The normal weight group showed a higher score for moderation factor than the obesity group (P<0.001). Compared with KDRIs, vitamin $B_6$, folate, vitamin C, vitamin E, calcium, potassium, and zinc intakes were insufficient in both groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that DQI-I moderation was negatively associated with obesity (OR=0.77, 95% CI 0.69-0.87) after adjustment for age, gender, income, and total energy intake. Our results suggest that children and adolescents require nutritional education to understand the importance of vitamin and mineral consumption. Especially, education for children and adolescents with obesity needs to emphasize moderation of nutrient intake that can cause diseases with hyper-ingestion such as sodium and high calorie-low nutrition foods.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2020

Background: Although the consumption of vitamin beverages has increased because of the recent interest in health and beauty, guidelines addressing appropriate consumption habits are lacking. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the erosive potential of several vitamin beverages and to propose guidelines for the appropriate intake of these drinks. Methods: Five vitamin beverages were selected after a pre-investigation of the current beverage market. Coca-Cola and mineral water were selected as the control beverages. The pH of the beverages was measured with a calibrated pH meter, and the titratable acidity (TA) was determined by using 1 M sodium hydroxide to reach pH 5.5 (TA5.5) and 7.0 (TA7.0). The screening method suggested by the International Organization for Standardization was used to measure pH variation (ΔpH) by using an under-saturated hydroxyapatite solution to determine the difference between the initial and final pH of the screening solution. All measurements were performed in triplicate. Results: All vitamin beverages tested in this study exhibited a low pH (2.53~2.99), similar to Coca-Cola, which is known to be a highly acidic beverage. The highest TA5.5 and TA7.0 values of the vitamin beverages were 7.03 ml and 8.81 ml, respectively. The largest change in pH determined by using the screening solution was found in Bacchus D (ΔpH 1.44±0.05). The mean ΔpH of the vitamin beverages was 1.12±0.29, which was higher than that of Coca-Cola (positive control, ΔpH 0.58±0.05). Conclusion: Vitamin beverages exhibited an erosive potential capable of damaging enamel surfaces. Therefore, the frequency of vitamin beverage intake should be limited, and individuals consuming these drinks should try to restore normal oral pH as quickly as possible.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.365-375
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• 2009

The growth characteristics of Pinus thunbergii windbreak forest around Goosipo Beach, Sangha-Myon, Gochang-Gun, Jeollabuk-Do have been investigated, and the results are summarized as follows. The soil in the site was light acid sand with pH 5.7, and the mean sodium concentration of soils was 1.42dS/m. The tree diameter, height, crown width, and shape ratio(Height/DBH) were better with tree density was coming lower. Especially, the rate of shape ratio under 60 was more in sites with low tree density. This demonstrated that the trees have grown more soundly when the tree density was lower. The direction of main winds and distribution ratio of tree inclination had a correlation. The inclined trees are seemed to be influenced by main winds when they were younger and by Typhoon partly. Eighty one vascular plant species were found in the sites, and more number of herbaceous plants (57 taxa) lived there than woody plants (24 taxa). And more plant species of dune were found at the site where dune have developed well. Some thinning works need at high tree density areas in order to ensure effects of coastal windbreak.