• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2000년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.226-234
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• 2000

The friction stir welding technique is a derivative of conventional friction welding, which enables the advantages of solid-phase welding to be applied to the fabrication of long butt and lap joints, with very little postweld distortion. Friction stir welding is a remarkable new welding technique for joining aluminum alloys and has the potential for welding other ferrous materials. It has already been developed beyond a laboratory curiosity and has been proved as a potential practical welding technique offering low-distortion, high-quality, low-cost welds from simple concept machine tool welding equipment. To bring this remarkable method of welding aluminum alloys to the attention of Industry, this article introduces the basic principle of friction stir welding, pointing out the practical advantages and most important of all, describes the exceptionally good metallurgical and mechanical properties.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제7권7호
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• pp.229-241
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• 1999

The paper describes the development of the ABS(Anti-Lock Bracke Sytem) real-time simulator which is composed of the real hydraulic modulator, the brake system, and the control software. This useful too supports the development enviornment of the ABS in great flexible mamer. It offers an efficient and cost-effective method of ABS development which includes the various realistic road conditons, the vehicle characteristics , and the brake characteristics. The performance of the ABS is compared with the normal braking results. Thepresented experimental results are braking on the high friction road, thetransient friction road(high to low , low to high), the split friction road, and the high friction road with steer angle. The paper shows the effectiveness and the safety of the ABS compared with the normal brake system , and the powerful and conventient tool in developing the ABS.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.22-35
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• 1999

The response of the tidal waves to friction effect is investigated in terms of deformation of Kelvin and Poincare modes, The 1st Poincare mode does not exist over the low frequency region less than the critical frequency of omega ${\omega}$${\sqrt{2f}}$, with ${\gamma}$/f=0.0, but the mode comes to exist in the presence of friction. When friction exists and its magnitude increases, the wave number increases, indicating that the wave length of the Poincare mode becomes increasingly short with increasing friction. The damping coefficient gradually increases with increasing friction over the high frequency region, but the trend is reversed over the low frequency region. In case of Kelvin wave the present study substantiates the characters of Kelvin wave examined by Mofjeld (1980) and Lee (1988). Based on the examination of frictional effects on the tidal wave propagation, the co-oscillating tides in the Yellow Sea are examined by considering both the head opening and bottom friction effects. As friction is introduced and increased in addition to partial opening at bay head, the location of the amphidromic point near the Shantung Peninsula moves more southwestward. This southwestward movement of the amphidromic point is increasingly compatible with the observed location of Ogura's or Nishida's tidal chart of the M$_2$ tide.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.170-174
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• 2007

Wear and scuffing tests were conducted using friction and wear measurement of piston rings and cylinder blocks in low friction diesel engine. The frictional forces, wear amounts and cycles to scuffing in boundary lubricated sliding condition were measured using the reciprocating wear tester. The cylinder blocks were used as reciprocating specimens, and the piston rings with several coatings were used as fixed pin. Several coatings were used such as DLC, TiN, Cr-ceramic and TiAlN in order to improve the tribological characteristics. From the tests wear volume of piston ring surfaces applied various coatings were compared. During the tests coefficients of friction were monitored. Test results showed that DLC coatings showed good tribological properties. TiN and Cr-ceramic coated rings showed good wear resistance properties but produced high friction.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.38-44
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• 2020

Surface texturing of micro-dimples has been used in many manufacturing industries to reduce friction between two sliding contacted surfaces. Surface texturing decreases the frictional force owing to minimizing of the sliding contact area. In this paper, micro-dimples have been fabricated on an Al6061-T6 surface using a two-frequency elliptical vibration texturing (TFEVT) method. A high-frequency of 18 kHz and low-frequency of 250 Hz were applied to an elliptically-vibrated tool holder. The Stribeck curve was plotted to analyze the friction coefficient trends. Furthermore, the representative wetting index, such as the water contact angle (WCA), was measured by considering the friction coefficient. WCA is associated with micro-dimple density and associated parameters. Consequently, the dimpled surfaces with a low friction coefficient exhibited a relatively high WCA in the feed direction. According to the Stribeck curve, the dimpled surfaces demonstrate superior friction performance for mixed-film lubrication compared to the non-textured surface.

• 한국윤활학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국윤활학회 1999년도 제29회 춘계학술대회
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• pp.255-264
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• 1999

Friction characteristics of automotive friction materials containing different metallic fibers rubbing against Al-MMC and cast iron disk specimens have been studied. Friction materials containing aluminum, copper or low steel carbon fiber were tested. Friction tests were composed of three different phases to investigate the effect of temperature, pressure, speed, and drag time. The results showed that the friction material containing Al fibers has lower friction force and wear amount than the others with Cu or Steel fiber. On the other hand, the wear of friction material was severe in the case of using Al-MMC rotors. These results showed that the thermal decomposition of solid lubricants (and organic components), formation of transfer layer, and SiC particles in the AI-MMC rotor play crucial roles in determining the friction characteristics.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.349-354
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• 2002

In order to find the effect of lubricant viscosity, sheet surface roughness, tool geometry, and forming speed on the frictional characteristics in sheet metal forming, a sheet metal friction tester was designed and manufactured and friction test of various sheet were performed. Friction test results showed that as the lubricant viscosity becomes lower, the friction coefficient is higher. When surface roughness is extremely low or high, the friction coefficient is relatively high. The result also show that as the punch radius and punch speed becomes bigger, the friction coefficient is smaller. Using experimental results, the mathematical expression between friction coefficient and lubricant viscosity, surface roughness, punch comer radius, or punch speed is also described.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제45회 하계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.141-141
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• 2013

Shape control of metal nanocrystals has broad applications, including catalysis, plasmonics, and sensing. It was found that controlling the atomic arrangement on metal nanocrystal surfaces affects many properties, including the electronic dipole or work function. Tuning the surface structure of exposed facets of metal nanocrystals was enabled by shape control. We investigated the effect of shape on nanomechanical properties, including friction and adhesion forces. Two nanoparticles systems, high-index {321} and low-index {100}, were used as model nanoparticle surfaces. Scanning force microscopy was used to probe nanoscale friction and adhesion. Because of the abundant presence of high-density atomic steps and kinks, high-index faceted nanoparticles have a higher surface energy than low-index faceted cubic nanoparticles. Due to this high surface energy, high-index faceted particles have shown stronger adhesion and higher friction than low-index nanoparticles. We discuss the results in light of the differences in surface energy as well as the effect of capping layers in the measurement.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.317-322
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• 2019

In spite of progress in tribological research, machine component failure due to friction and wear has been reported frequently. This failure may lead to secondary damage that can cause huge expense for maintenance and repair. To prevent economic loss, it is important to detect and predict the initial failure point. In this sense, various researchers have been tried to develop Condition Monitoring (CM) method using Acoustic Emission (AE) generated while the materials undergo failure. In this study, effect of particles on friction and wear was investigated using the pin-on-plate friction test and AE signal was recorded with a band-width type AE sensor. The experiments were performed in dry and lubricant conditions using steel and glass as specimens. After the experiment, 3D laser microscope image was captured to evaluate the wear behavior quantitatively. The AE signal was analyzed in time-domain and frequency-domain. The amplitude was compared with the frictional results. The results of this study showed that particle generation accelerate wear, generate high magnitude AE signal and change the frequency characteristics of the signal. Also, lubricant condition test results showed low coefficient of friction, low wear rate, and low magnitude of AE signal compared to the dry condition. It is expected that the results of this study will aid in better assessment of wear in CM technology

• 소성∙가공
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.107-113
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• 2023

The importance of dual-fuel engines has increased for reducing CO₂ emissions. However, the low operating temperature of this engine may induce low-temperature corrosion at combustion parts, which reduces the engine service life. To overcome this problem, NiCr38Al4 alloy was developed for valve spindle, but the cost of this alloy is expensive due to its high Cr content. For reducing the manufacturing cost of valve spindle, in the present work, NiCr38Al4 alloy was welded with Nimonic80A alloy by conducting friction welding. The tensile test results show that the strength of friction-welded specimens follows the properties of the lower-strength parent materials, without severe cracks at the interface. The large shear strain and frictional heat from friction welding not only reduce grain size but also induce solute element diffusion at the interfacial region. Because of the low Cr diffusivity compared with Ti, Cr carbides were not observed in the Nimonic80A matrix, while Ti carbides were distributed in both the Nimonic80A and SNCrW matrices.