• Title/Summary/Keyword: Low-Order Features

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A study on the digitalization of 3D Pen (3D펜의 디지털화에 대한 연구)

  • Kim, Jong-Young;Jeon, Byung-Hoon
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.22 no.6
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    • pp.583-590
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    • 2021
  • This paper is a study on the digitization of an analog 3D pen. The term digital implies features such as homeostasis, transformability, combinability, reproducibility, and convenience of storage. One device that produces a combination of these digital characteristics is a 3D printer, but its industrial use is limited due to low productivity and limitations with materials and physical characteristics. In particular, improvements are required to use 3D printers, such as better user accessibility owing to expertise and skills in modeling software and printers. Complementing this fact is the 3D pen, which is excellent in portability and ease of use, but has a limitation in that it cannot be digitized. Therefore, in order to secure a digitalization capability and ease of use, and to secure the safety of printing materials that pose controversial hazards during the printing process, research problems and alternatives have been derived by combining food, and digitization was demonstrated with a newly developed 3D pen. In order to digitize the 3D pen, a sensor in a structured device detects the motion of an analog 3D pen, and this motion is converted into 3D data (X-Y-Z coordinate values) through a spatial analysis algorithm. To prove this method, the similarity was confirmed by visualization using MeshLab version 1.3.4. It is expected that this food pen can be used in youth education and senior healthcare programs in the future.

The Effects of Self-regulatory Resources and Construal Levels on the Choices of Zero-cost Products (자아조절자원 및 해석수준이 공짜대안 선택에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Jinyong;Im, Seoung Ah
    • Asia Marketing Journal
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    • v.13 no.4
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    • pp.55-76
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    • 2012
  • Most people prefer to choose zero-cost products they may get without paying any money. The 'zero-cost effect' can be explained with a 'zero-cost model' where consumers attach special values to zero-cost products in a different way from general economic models (Shampanier, Mazar and Ariely 2007). If 2 different products at the regular prices of ₩200 and ₩400 simultaneously offer ₩200 discounts, the prices will be changed to ₩0 and ₩200, respectively. In spite of the same price gap of the two products after the ₩200 discounts, people are much more likely to select the free alternative than the same product at the price of ₩200. Although prior studies have focused on the 'zero-cost effect' in isolation of other factors, this study investigates the moderating effects of a self-regulatory resource and a construal level on the selection of free products. Self-regulatory resources induce people to control or regulate their behavior. However, since self-regulatory resources are limited, they are to be easily depleted when exerted (Muraven, Tice, and Baumeister 1998). Without the resources, consumers tend to become less sensitive to price changes and to spend money more extravagantly (Vohs and Faber 2007). Under this condition, they are also likely to invest less effort on their information processing and to make more intuitive decisions (Pocheptsova, Amir, Dhar, and Baumeister 2009). Therefore, context effects such as price changes and zero cost effects are less likely in the circumstances of resource depletion. In addition, construal levels have profound effects on the ways of information processing (Trope and Liberman 2003, 2010). In a high construal level, people tend to attune their minds to core features and desirability aspects, whereas, in a low construal level, they are more likely to process information based on secondary features and feasibility aspects (Khan, Zhu, and Kalra 2010). A perceived value of a product is more related to desirability whereas a zero cost or a price level is more associated with feasibility. Thus, context effects or reliance on feasibility (for instance, the zero cost effect) will be diminished in a high level construal while those effects may remain in a low level construal. When people make decisions, these 2 factors can influence the magnitude of the 'zero-cost effect'. This study ran two experiments to investigate the effects of self-regulatory resources and construal levels on the selection of a free product. Kisses and Ferrero-Rocher, which were adopted in the prior study (Shampanier et al. 2007) were also used as alternatives in Experiments 1 and 2. We designed Experiment 1 in order to test whether self-regulatory resource depletion will moderate the zero-cost effect. The level of self-regulatory resources was manipulated with two different tasks, a Sudoku task in the depletion condition and a task of drawing diagrams in the non-depletion condition. Upon completion of the manipulation task, subjects were randomly assigned to one of a decision set with a zero-cost option (i.e., Kisses ₩0, and Ferrero-Rocher ₩200) or a set without a zero-cost option (i.e., Kisses ₩200, and Ferrero-Rocher ₩400). A pair of alternatives in the two decision sets have the same price gap of ₩200 between a low-priced Kisses and a high-priced Ferrero-Rocher. Subjects in the no-depletion condition selected Kisses more often (71.88%) over Ferrero-Rocher when Kisses was free than when it was priced at ₩200 (34.88%). However, the zero-cost effect disappeared when people do not have self-regulatory resources. Experiment 2 was conducted to investigate whether constual levels influence the magnitude of the 'zero-cost effect'. To manipulate construal levels, 4 different 'why (in the high construal level condition)' or 'how (in the low construal level condition)' questions about health management were asked. They were presented with 4 boxes connected with downward arrows. In a box at the top, there was one question, 'Why do I maintain good physical health?' or 'How do I maintain good physical health?' Subjects inserted a response to the question of why or how they would maintain good physical health. Similar tasks were repeated for the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th responses. After the manipulation task, subjects were randomly assigned either to a decision set with a zero-cost option, or to a set without it, as in Experiment 1. When a low construal level is primed with 'how', subjects chose free Kisses (60.66%) more often over Ferrero-Rocher than they chose ₩200 Kisses (42.19%) over ₩400 FerreroRocher. On contrast, the zero-cost effect could not be observed any longer when a high construal level is primed with 'why'.

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NUI/NUX of the Virtual Monitor Concept using the Concentration Indicator and the User's Physical Features (사용자의 신체적 특징과 뇌파 집중 지수를 이용한 가상 모니터 개념의 NUI/NUX)

  • Jeon, Chang-hyun;Ahn, So-young;Shin, Dong-il;Shin, Dong-kyoo
    • Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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    • v.16 no.6
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    • pp.11-21
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    • 2015
  • As growing interest in Human-Computer Interaction(HCI), research on HCI has been actively conducted. Also with that, research on Natural User Interface/Natural User eXperience(NUI/NUX) that uses user's gesture and voice has been actively conducted. In case of NUI/NUX, it needs recognition algorithm such as gesture recognition or voice recognition. However these recognition algorithms have weakness because their implementation is complex and a lot of time are needed in training because they have to go through steps including preprocessing, normalization, feature extraction. Recently, Kinect is launched by Microsoft as NUI/NUX development tool which attracts people's attention, and studies using Kinect has been conducted. The authors of this paper implemented hand-mouse interface with outstanding intuitiveness using the physical features of a user in a previous study. However, there are weaknesses such as unnatural movement of mouse and low accuracy of mouse functions. In this study, we designed and implemented a hand mouse interface which introduce a new concept called 'Virtual monitor' extracting user's physical features through Kinect in real-time. Virtual monitor means virtual space that can be controlled by hand mouse. It is possible that the coordinate on virtual monitor is accurately mapped onto the coordinate on real monitor. Hand-mouse interface based on virtual monitor concept maintains outstanding intuitiveness that is strength of the previous study and enhance accuracy of mouse functions. Further, we increased accuracy of the interface by recognizing user's unnecessary actions using his concentration indicator from his encephalogram(EEG) data. In order to evaluate intuitiveness and accuracy of the interface, we experimented it for 50 people from 10s to 50s. As the result of intuitiveness experiment, 84% of subjects learned how to use it within 1 minute. Also, as the result of accuracy experiment, accuracy of mouse functions (drag(80.4%), click(80%), double-click(76.7%)) is shown. The intuitiveness and accuracy of the proposed hand-mouse interface is checked through experiment, this is expected to be a good example of the interface for controlling the system by hand in the future.

Geochemistry and Petrogenesis of Adakitic Granitoids from Bognae Area in the Southwestern Part of the Yeongnam Massif, Korea (영남육괴 남서부 복내지역에 분포하는 아다카이트질 화강암체의 성인 및 지화학적 특성)

  • Wee, Soo-Meen;Park, Jae-Yong
    • Journal of the Korean earth science society
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.427-443
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    • 2009
  • Cretaceous intrusive and extrusive rocks in the southwestern part of the Yeongnam Massif are possibly the result of intensive magmatism which occurred in response to subduction of the Pacific plate beneath the northeast portion of the Eurasian plate. Geochemical and petrological study on the granitic rocks were carried out in order to constrain the petrogenesis of the granitic magma and to establish the paleotectonic environment of the area. Whole rock chemical data of the granitic rocks from the study area indicate that all the rocks have characteristics of calc-alkaline series in the subalkaline field. The overall geochemical features show systematic variations in each granitic body, but the source materials of each granitic body are thought to have been different in their chemical composition. The granodiorites distributed around Donggyori in the Bognae area (DGd) are different from other granitic rocks within the study area in the contents and differentiation trends of $Al_2O_3$ and MgO as well as in the contents of the trace elements such as Ba, Sr, Pb, Ni, Cr and Y DGd have geochemical features similar to slab-derived adakites such as high $Al_2O_3$, Sr contents and high Sr/Y, La/Yb ratios, but low Y and Yb contents. The major and trace element contents of the DGd fall well within the adakitic field, whereas other Cretaceous granites in the study area are plotted in the island arc ADR area in Sr/Y vs. Y diagram. On the ANK vs. A/CNK and tectonic discrimination diagrams, parental magma type of the granites corresponds to I-type and volcanic arc granite (VAG). Interpretations of the chemical characteristics of the granitic rocks favor their emplacement in a compressional tectonic regime at continental margin during the subduction of Pacific plate. The geochemical and tectonic features reveal that adakite-like signatures of the DGd were generated by the interaction of mantle peridotite and subducted slab-derived adakitic melts (caused by the thermal effect of ridge subduction), and which slightly modified by crustal contamination during emplacement.

Region of Interest Extraction and Bilinear Interpolation Application for Preprocessing of Lipreading Systems (입 모양 인식 시스템 전처리를 위한 관심 영역 추출과 이중 선형 보간법 적용)

  • Jae Hyeok Han;Yong Ki Kim;Mi Hye Kim
    • The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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    • v.13 no.4
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    • pp.189-198
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    • 2024
  • Lipreading is one of the important parts of speech recognition, and several studies have been conducted to improve the performance of lipreading in lipreading systems for speech recognition. Recent studies have used method to modify the model architecture of lipreading system to improve recognition performance. Unlike previous research that improve recognition performance by modifying model architecture, we aim to improve recognition performance without any change in model architecture. In order to improve the recognition performance without modifying the model architecture, we refer to the cues used in human lipreading and set other regions such as chin and cheeks as regions of interest along with the lip region, which is the existing region of interest of lipreading systems, and compare the recognition rate of each region of interest to propose the highest performing region of interest In addition, assuming that the difference in normalization results caused by the difference in interpolation method during the process of normalizing the size of the region of interest affects the recognition performance, we interpolate the same region of interest using nearest neighbor interpolation, bilinear interpolation, and bicubic interpolation, and compare the recognition rate of each interpolation method to propose the best performing interpolation method. Each region of interest was detected by training an object detection neural network, and dynamic time warping templates were generated by normalizing each region of interest, extracting and combining features, and mapping the dimensionality reduction of the combined features into a low-dimensional space. The recognition rate was evaluated by comparing the distance between the generated dynamic time warping templates and the data mapped to the low-dimensional space. In the comparison of regions of interest, the result of the region of interest containing only the lip region showed an average recognition rate of 97.36%, which is 3.44% higher than the average recognition rate of 93.92% in the previous study, and in the comparison of interpolation methods, the bilinear interpolation method performed 97.36%, which is 14.65% higher than the nearest neighbor interpolation method and 5.55% higher than the bicubic interpolation method. The code used in this study can be found a https://github.com/haraisi2/Lipreading-Systems.

Degree of Conversion and Polymerization Shrinkage of Low and High Viscosity Bulk-Fill Giomer-based and Resin-based composites (저점도 및 고점도 Bulk-fill Giomer 복합레진과 Bulk-fill 복합레진의 전환율과 중합수축)

  • Kim, Heera;Lee, Jaesik;Kim, Hyunjung;Kwon, Taeyub;Nam, Soonhyeun
    • Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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    • v.46 no.1
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    • pp.1-9
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    • 2019
  • The aim of this study was to compare the degree of conversion and polymerization shrinkage of low and high viscosity bulk-fill giomer-based and resin-based composites. Two bulk-fill giomer (Beautifil Bulk Restorative (BBR), Beautifil Bulk Flowable (BBF)), two bulk-fill (Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-fill (TBF), SureFil SDR flow (SDR)) and two conventional resin composites (Tetric N-Ceram (TN), Tetric N-flow (TF)) were selected for this study. The degree of conversion was measured by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Polymerization shrinkage was measured with the linometer. For all depth, BBR had the lowest degree of conversion and SDR had the highest. At 4 mm, the degree of conversion of low and high viscosity bulk-fill giomer resin composites was lower than that of bulk-fill resin composites (p < 0.05). At the depth between 2 mm and 4 mm, there were significant difference with TBF, TN and TF (p < 0.05), while no significant difference in the degree of conversion was measured for BBR, BBF and SDR. Polymerization shrinkage of six resin composites decreased in the following order: TF > SDR > BBF > TBF > TN and BBR (p < 0.05). Polymerization shrinkage of bulk-fill giomer resin composites was lower than that of bulk-fill resin composites (p < 0.05). From this study, it is found that the bulk-fill giomer resin composites and TBF were not sufficiently cured in 4 mm depth. The degree of conversion of low and high viscosity bulk-fill giomer resin composites was significantly lower than bulk-fill resin composites in both 2 mm and 4 mm depths. Therefore, such features of bulk-fill giomer resin composites should be carefully considered in clinical application.

A Study on Land Suitability Factors and Their Weights (토지적성평가의 지표추출 및 지표별 가중치 분석방법 고찰)

  • 채미옥;오용준
    • Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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    • v.38 no.5
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    • pp.725-740
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    • 2003
  • The National Land Planning and Use Law Act at the beginning of 2002, introduced Land Suitability Assessment System(LSAS) in order to mitigate conflicts between development and conservation needs for land. LSAS is to assess land characteristics according to its physical, locational, and environmental characteristics, and then to classify it into several categories based on its usability. This study aims to review the factors to determine the suitability of the land and their weights. Land suitability is determined by a variety of factors, such as land-surface slope and altitude, the type of land use in neighboring areas, accessibility to public facilities and existing developed areas, and ecological characteristics of the land. This article analyzed these factors and their influences by using the Delphi survey and Analytic Hierarchical Process. One of the most influential factors on the development suitability of land is the distance to developed areas and public facilities. On the other hand, the slope and altitude of the land have comparatively low influences on the land development. The coverage of prime cultivating land of the neighbouring region and slope of the land are analyzed as important factors on the agricultural suitability of the land. The ecological features and the ratio of conservation area in the neighbourhood are counted as the most important factors in determining the land for conservation. This article tested these factors and their weights in assessing land suitability of land as a case study.

A Study on Non-point Source Pollutants from Pavement of Coastal Area and Guidance for Selecting BMP (연안지역 포장면 비점오염물질 유출 및 최적관리방안 시설의 선정을 위한 가이던스에 관한 연구)

  • Ko, Woong;Park, Kisoo;Chen, Yaoping;Kim, Youngchul
    • Journal of Wetlands Research
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    • v.15 no.4
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    • pp.543-553
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    • 2013
  • In Korea, there have been many studies and progresses on various types of pilot scale or commercialized field scale Best Management Practices(BMP) during the last 10 years. Runoff characteristics of diffuse pollutants from different land uses are well identified and documented. However, for the coastal area connected directly with shoreline, runoff patterns and management schemes of non-point pollution were not fully studied. Recently, coastal area is emerging as a new development axis especially in west coast side of Korea such as Incheon city and Chungnam province, thus urbanized area rapidly increased but there are no buffer zones and BMP facilities to aim at preventing direct discharge of the first flush into coastal sea and beaches. In this study, parking area in Deacheon harbor, Boryeong City in Chungnam Province was selected and rainfall runoff was monitored for two year period in order to examine run-off features from which proper type of BMP suitable for coastal area is proposed. Coastal area usually has a low ground water level and consists of plain land, so that large scale BMP such as storm water retention pond and wetland requiring great excavation works is not best management plan. In addition, monitoring study shows that storm water from the paved parking area has a high salinity compared with those in storm water from the inland. High salinity is detrimental for the vegetation. Therefore, BMP employing least vegetative cover and also in terms of maintenance is a good option such as infiltration trench and porous pavement.

Development of an Verification System for Enhancing BIM Design Base on Usability (활용성을 고려한 BIM 설계 오류 검증시스템 개발)

  • Yang, Dong-Suk
    • Land and Housing Review
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.23-29
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    • 2017
  • The BIM design is expected to expand to the domestic and overseas construction industries, depending on the effect of construction productivity and quality improvement. However, with the obligation of Public Procurement Service to design the BIM design, it includes a design error and the problem of utilization of 3D design by choosing a simple 2D to 3D remodelling method that can not be modelled in 3D modeling or use of the construction and maintenance phases. The results reviewed by BIM design results were largely underutilized and were not even performed with the verification of the error. In order to resolve this, one must develop the check system that secures the quality of BIM design and ensure that the reliability of BIM results are available. In this study, it is designed to develop a program that can automatically verify the design of the BIM design results such as violation of the rules of the BIM design, design flaws, and improve the usability of the BIM design. In particular, this programs were developed not only to identify programmes that were not commercially available, but also to validate drawings in low-light computer environments. The developed program(LH-BIM) store the information of attribute extracted from the Revit file(ArchiCAD, IFC file included) in the integrated DB. This provides the ability to freely lookup the features and properties of drawings delivered exclusively by the LH-BIM Program without using the Revit tools. By doing so, it was possible to resolve the difficulties of using traditional commercial programs and to ensure that they operate only with traditional PC performance. Further, the results of the various BIM software can be readily validated, which can be solved the conversion process error of IFC in the case of SMC. Additionally, the developed program has the ability to automatically check the error and design criteria of the drawings, as well as the ability to calculate the area estimation. These functions allow businesses to apply simple and easy tasks to operate tasks of BIM modelling. The developed system(LH-BIM) carried out a verification test by reviewing the review of the BIM Design model of the Korea Land & Housing Corporation. It is hoped that the verification system will not only be able to achieve the Quality of BIM design, but also contribute to the expansion of BIM and future construction BIM.

Current State and Improvement Measures of HACCP System Applying in Elementary School Lunch (HACCP 적용 초등학교급식에서의 시행실태와 개선방안)

  • Woo, Gun-Yeon;Park, Jae-Yong;Han, Chang-Hyun
    • Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.13-23
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    • 2003
  • To provide data necessary for effectively applying the HACCP system by understanding the current application condition of HACCP system and satisfaction level of the dietician in elementary schools, a mail-in survey was conducted on dieticians serving for 227 elementary schools applying HACCP system in Kyungsangbuk-Do since November 1, 2001 to December 20, 2001. 83.5% of the subjected schools were conducting more than 50% of HACCP cooking process management, and the level of cooking process management displayed significant relevance according to the number of dieticians serving the school meals. The area that was not well conducted in the field of HACCP system was proven to be water examination(94.0%), inspection on self-sanitation of cooks prior to cooking(90.6%), and maintenance of dry kitchen floor(l4.8%). The reason why the above areas are not well conducted was because of lack of time due to over workloads. Subjective dieticians had pointed out improvement of sanitary concept(58.1%) and improvement of self-sanitation (28.8%) as benefits of applying HACCP. 21.2% of the subjective dieticians were satisfied with application HACCP and 35.2% were dissatisfied with applying HACCP. In case of which the duration of applying the HACCP was longer than one year and in case of higher rate of HACCP cooking process management and longer work experience of the dieticians, the level of satisfaction was proven to be significantly higher. The most difficult things to follow in important management categories according to the features of dietitian work and work experience were food distribution of CCP7 step and maintenance of optimum temperature(70.7%). Subjective dieticians had pointed out insufficient facility or environment and lack of inspection equipments in order regarding problems of applying HACCP. Also in the level of necessity of improvement categories in applying HACCP, dieticians had replied that facility and equipment improvement was mostly needed. Due to the induction of HACCP system in school meals, comparatively well cooking process management is being conducted, and I believe it could contribute in securing safety and quality improvement of school meal by improving the sanitation concept of the dieticians. However, the satisfaction level of dieticians are rather low and there are many difficulties in maintaining optimum temperature in the process of food distribution and transportation process. Also, lack of facilities and environment, lack of inspection equipments and etc are pointed out as problems of inducing HACCP. Thus, to settle HACCP system, it is believed that brave investment must be preceded.