• 융복합기술연구소 논문집
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.15-18
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• 2013

The next generation alternative fuel of diesel, DME (Dimethyl Ether) discharges particulate matter hardly due to chemical structural as oxygen-fuel so it has the eco-friendly property. Despite these advantages, the DME has the technical difficulties to apply to the diesel engine because of a low calorific value, viscosity and compressibility effects. From this point of view, we performed experimental studies on improved reliability of DME common-rail vehicle and lubricity enhancement of DME fuel for empirical distribution of eco-friendly DME fuel. Also we analyzed solubility of lubrication enhancer according to a drop in temperature, try to secure reliability about core parts of DME vehicle by applying lubrication enhancer in the DME common-rail vehicle.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.381-386
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• 2015

Recently, high-strength-steel sheets have been used extensively for increasing fuel-efficiency and stability in automobiles. A study on the characteristics regarding friction factors is required because high-strength-steel sheets have higher contact pressure at the tool interface as compared to low-strength steel sheets. For the current study, a sheet friction test was used to examine the influence of several factors on friction. The friction tests were performed on two types of sheet steels (SPFC590 and SPFC980) to obtain friction coefficients as a function of contact pressure, surface roughness, lubricant viscosity, and speed. Based on the experimental results for SPFC590 and SPFC980, the friction coefficient decreased with increasing contact pressure, but the friction coefficient increased with increasing surface roughness. Also, the friction coefficient decreased with increasing lubricant viscosity and decreasing speed.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.183-188
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• 2016

Engine oil plays an important role in the mechanical lubrication and cooling of a vehicle engine. Recently, engine development has focused on the adoption of gasoline direct injection (GDI) and turbocharging methodology to achieve high-power and high-speed performance. However, oil dilution is a problem for GDI engines. Oil dilution occurs owing to high-pressure fuel injection into the combustion chamber when the engine is cold. The chemical components of engine oil are currently developed to accommodate gasoline fuel; however, bio-alcohol mixtures have become a recent trend in fuel development. Bio-alcohol fuels are alternatives to fossil fuels that can reduce vehicle emissions levels and greenhouse gas pollution. Therefore, the chemical components of engine oil should be improved to accommodate bio-alcohol fuels. This study employs a 2.0 L turbo-gas direct injection (T-GDI) engine in an experiment that dilutes oil with fuel. The experiment utilizes a variety of fuels, including sub-octane gasoline fuel (E0) and a bio-alcohol fuel mixture (Ethanol E3~E7). The results show that the lowest amount of oil dilution occurs when using E3 fuel. Analyzing the diluted engine oil by measuring density and moisture with respect to kinematic viscosity shows that the lowest values of these parameters occur when testing E3 fuel. The reason is confirmed to influence the vapor pressure of the low concentration bio-alcohol-fuel mixture.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2014

The vast stores of biomass available in the worldwide have the potential to displace significant amounts of petroleum fuels. Fast pyrolysis of biomass is one of several paths by which we can convert biomass to higher value products. The wood pyrolysis oil (WPO) has been regarded as an alternative fuel for petroleum fuels to be used in diesel engine. However, the use of WPO in a diesel engine requires modifications due to low energy density, high water contents, high acidity, high viscosity, and low cetane number of the WPO. One possible method by which the shortcomings may be circumvented is to co-fire WPO with other petroleum fuels. WPO has poor miscibility with light petroleum fuel oils; the most suitable candidates fuels for direct fuel mixing are methanol or ethanol. Early mixing with methanol or ethanol has the added benefit of significantly improving the storage and handling properties of the WPO. For separate injection co-firing, a WPO-ethanol blended fuel can be fired through diesel pilot injection in a dual-injection dieel engine. In this study, the performance and emission characteristics of a dual-injection diesel engine fuelled with diesel (pilot injection) and WPO-ethanol blend (main injection) were experimentally investigated. Results showed that although stable engine operation was possible with separate injection co-firing, the fuel conversion efficiency was slightly decreased due to high water contents of WPO compare to diesel combustion.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.45-51
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• 2017

Engine oil is a substance used for the lubrication of internal combustion systems. However, in some case, defects in engine systems may contaminate engine oil with fuel. Contaminated engine oil can cause problems in the normal functioning of a vehicle. In this study, we investigate the functional properties of engine oil contaminated with diesel fuel. The test results indicate that the engine oil contaminated with diesel fuel has low flash point, pour point, density, kinematic viscosity and cold cranking simulator value. The contaminated engine oil which has low plash point can cause fire and explosion accident. Furthermore, a four ball test indicates that the contaminated engine oil increases wear scar to poor lubricity. Moreover, we investigate the GC pattern using SIMDIST (simulated distillation) for determination of diesel in engine oil. The SIMDIST analytic result, diesel was detected at earlier retention time than engine oil in chromatogram. Thus the SIMDIST method can define whether engine oil is contaminated by diesel fuel or not. We can use the SIMDIST method for the diagnosis of oil condition instead of analyzing other physical properties that require many analytic instruments, large volume of oil sample and long analysis time.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.213-220
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• 2015

This study evaluates the effect of grooves on the stem part of a plunger on the lubrication characteristics of a fuel injection pump (FIP) by using hydrodynamic lubrication analysis. The current study uses the two-dimensional Reynolds equation to evaluate the changes in lubrication characteristics with variations in clearance, viscosity, and grooves for a laminar, incompressible, and unsteady state flow. This study investigates the lubrication characteristics by comparing the dimensionless minimum film thickness or the film parameter, which is the ratio of the minimum film thickness to surface roughness. The analysis method for the groove section differs depending on the depth of the groove. For instance, in the case of a shallow groove, the film thickness equation considers the depth of the groove, while in the case of a deep grove, it considers the flow continuity. The lubrication characteristics of the FIP are more sensitive to changes in the groove width than to changes in other design variables. Moreover, the application of a groove is more effective under low viscosity conditions. The smaller the distance from the edge of the stem part to the first groove in the case of shallow grooves, the better are the lubrication characteristics of the FIP. In contrast, in the case of deep grooves, the lubrication characteristics of the FIP improve as the distance increases. The application of shallow grooves is more effective for improving the lubrication characteristics than the application of deep grooves.

• 공업화학
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.714-719
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• 2017

연료가 혼합된 엔진오일은 차량의 문제(엔진마모, 화재, 급발진 등)를 초래하여, 운전자의 안전을 위협할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 연료가 혼합된 엔진오일의 다양한 성능을 분석하였다. 분석결과, 연료혼합 엔진오일은 인화점, 유동점, 밀도, 동점도, 저온 겉보기점도가 낮아졌다. 사구법 내마모성능시험에서는 연료가 혼합된 엔진오일이 열악한 윤활성으로 마모흔(wear scar)이 증가하였다. 또한 우리 연구팀은 ASTM D2887 방법을 적용한 고온모사증류시험(SIMDIST, simulated distillation)을 통해 엔진오일 내 연료성분을 분석하였다. SIMDIST 분석결과 연료는 엔진오일보다 짧은 머무름시간을 보였으며, 엔진오일 내 연료성분의 정량분석이 가능하였다. 이 SIMDIST 분석방법을 통해 기존 많은 분석장비, 시료양, 분석시간이 필요한 물성분석법을 대신하여 엔진오일 내 연료 오염여부 및 정도를 효과적으로 판단할 수 있을 것이다.

• 공업화학
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.617-623
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• 2008

일산화탄소(CO)와 수소($H_2$)로부터 Fischer-Tropsch반응을 통해 합성된 GTL (gas-to-liquid)연료는 친환경적인 연료로 기존의 석유디젤을 대체, 또는 혼합하여 사용될 수 있는 연료로 크게 관심을 받고 있다. 본 논문에서는 Shell사에서 생산된 GTL연료와 국내유통중인 석유디젤을 일정 비율로 혼합하여 농도 별 연료특성을 분석하였다. 가스크로마토그래피를 이용해 GTL이 일반디젤보다 긴 파라핀계 화합물로 구성되어져 있음을 확인하였으며, 높은 인화점, 증류성상, 동점도, 유도세탄가와 함께, 낮은 황분으로 인한 윤활성감소를 보여주었다.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.197-204
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• 2012

The vast stores of biomass available in the worldwide have the potential to displace significant amounts of fuels that are currently derived from petroleum sources. Fast pyrolysis of biomass is one of possible paths by which we can convert biomass to higher value products. The wood pyrolysis oil (WPO), also known as the bio crude oil (BCO), has been regarded as an alternative fuel for petroleum fuels to be used in diesel engine. However, the use of WPO in a diesel engine requires modifications due to low energy density, high water contents, low acidity, and high viscosity of the WPO. One of the easiest way to adopt WPO to diesel engine without modifications is emulsification of WPO with diesel or bio diesel. In this study, a DI diesel engine operated with diesel, bio diesel (BD), WPO/BD emulsion was experimentally investigated. Performance and gaseous & particle emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled by WPO/BD emulsion were examined. Results showed that stable engine operation was possible with emulsion and engine output power was comparable to diesel and bio diesel operation.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2010년도 제35회 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.795-796
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• 2010

바이오매스로부터 합성액체오일을 생산하기 위한 방법의 하나로써 Fischer-Tropsch 합성이 세계적으로 주목을 받고 있다. $C_7-C_{15}$ 파라핀의 수첨이성화 반응은 세탄넘버의 향상과 저점도, 유동점, 및 어는점 등의 저온유동특성의 개선을 위하여 디젤연료의 생산 공정에 적용된다. Fischer-Tropsch 합성으로부터 생산되는 Jet fuel 등의 상업적인 제품들은 낮은 끓는점과 유동점을 개선해야 한다. 본 연구는 합성 오일로부터 bio-jet fuel을 제조하기 위한 수첨이성화 반응용 촉매를 개발하는데 있다. 수첨이성화 반응용 백금/제올라이트 촉매의 특성을 분석하고 모델반응으로써 도데칸의 수첨이성화반응 성능을 회분식반응기에서 조사하였다.