• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.24 no.10
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• pp.996-1005
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• 2023

Objective: To compare the incidence of aspiration pneumonia, nausea, and vomiting after intravascular administration of nonionic iodinated contrast media (ICM) between patients who fasted before contrast injection and those who did not. Materials and Methods: Ovid-MEDLINE and Embase databases were searched from their inception dates until September 2022 to identify original articles that met the following criteria: 1) randomized controlled trials or observational studies, 2) separate reports of the incidence of aspiration pneumonia, nausea, and vomiting after intravascular injection of non-ionic ICM, and 3) inclusion of patients undergoing radiological examinations without fasting. A bivariate beta-binomial model was used to compare the risk difference in adverse events between fasting and non-fasting groups. The I² statistic was used to assess heterogeneity across the studies. Results: Ten studies, encompassing 308013 patients (non-fasting, 158442), were included in this meta-analysis. No cases of aspiration pneumonia were reported. The pooled incidence of nausea was 4.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4%, 7.8%) in the fasting group and 4.6% (95% CI: 1.1%, 8.1%) in the non-fasting group. The pooled incidence of vomiting was 2.1% (95% CI: 0.0%, 4.2%) in the fasting group and 2.5% (95% CI: 0.7%, 4.2%) in the non-fasting group. The risk difference (incidence in the non-fasting group-incidence in the fasting group) in the incidence of nausea and vomiting was 0.0% (95% CI: -4.7%, 4.7%) and 0.4% (95% CI: -2.3%, 3.1%), respectively. Heterogeneity between the studies was low (I² = 0%-13.5%). Conclusion: Lack of fasting before intravascular administration of non-ionic ICM for radiological examinations did not increase the risk of emetic complications significantly. This finding suggests that hospitals can relax fasting policies without compromising patient safety.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.634-647
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• 2019

Purpose: Currently, many chemicals are used in industrial and real life, and many substances are used in the form of a single substance, but most of them are used in the form of a mixture, and there is a need for a criterion for judging the danger of these substances. Method: Therefore, this study aims to confirm the risk criteria of the mixture through experimental studies on flammable mixtures in order to secure the effectiveness of the details of the existing Dangerous Goods Safety Management Act angerous Goods Judgment Criteria and to ensure the reliability and reproducibility of the dangerous goods judgment. Result: Experimental results show that alcohol flash point is mixed with water, which is a non-flammable liquid. Similar flash point trends occurred around 60% on an alcohol basis. In addition, in the case of flammable-combustible mixtures, there was little change in flash point if the flash point difference of the two materials was not large, and if the flash point difference of the two materials was low, the flash point tended to increase with the increase of the high flash point material. Conclusion: In the future, the test results may provide reference data on the experimental criteria for the flammable liquids that are cracked at the fire site.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.524-528
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• 2001

The measurement of radiation response using simple and informative techniques would be of great value in studying the genetic risk following occupational, therapeutic, or accidental exposure to radiation. When patients receive radiation therapy, many suffer from side effects. Since each patient receives a different dose due to different physical conditions, it is important to measure the exact dose of radiation received by each patient to lessen the side effects. Even though several biological dosimetric systems have already been developed, there is no ideal system that can satisfy all the criteria for an idean dosimetric system, especially for low-dose radiation as used in radiation therapy. In this study, an SOS Chromotest of E. coli PQ37 was evaluated as a novel dosimeter for low-dose gamma-rays. E. coli PQ37 was originally developed to screen chemical mutagens using the SOS Chromotest-a colorimtric assay, based on the induction of ${\beta}$-galactosidase ue to DNA damage. The survival fraction of E. coli PQ37 decreased dose-dependently with an increasing dose of cobalt-60 gamma-rays. Also, a good linear correlation was found between the biological damage revealed by the ${\beta}$-galactosidase expression and the doses of gamma-rays. The expression of ${\beta}$-galactosidase activity that responded to low-dose radiation under 1 Gy was $Y=0.404+(0.089{\pm}0.3)D+(-0.018{\pm}0.16)D^2$ (Y, absorbance at 420 nm; D, Dose of irradiation) as calculated using Graph Pad In Plot and Excel. When a rabbit was fed with capsules containing an agar block embdded with E. coli PQ37 showed a linear response to the radiation doses. Accordingly, the results confirm that E. coli PQ37 can be used as a sensitive biological dosimeter fro cobalt-60 gamma-rays. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a bacterium has been used as a biological dosimeter, especially for low-dose radiation.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.293-299
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• 2018

Background: 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) effectively reduce serum levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterol. High-intensity statins are recommended for all patients aged ${\leq}75$ with clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), diabetes mellitus aged 40-75 with ${\geq}7.5%$ estimated 10-year ASCVD risk and LDL-C ${\geq}190mg/dL$. High-intensity statins associated with more frequent adverse events (AEs) compared to moderate- to low-intensity statins. The aim of this study was to compare AEs between high-intensity and moderate- to low-intensity statin group using the Korea Adverse Event Reporting System (KAERS) database. Methods: Adults (${\geq}18years$) with statin-associated AEs from July 2009-June 2014 were included. Only AEs classified as "certain", "probable" and "possible" based on the WHO-Uppsala Monitoring Center criteria were analyzed. Results: In total, 247 AEs from 196 patients [high-intensity statin group (HG), n = 25 (13%); moderate- to low-intensity statin group (MLG), n = 171 (87%)] were included. Mean age was higher in HG compared with MLG ($67{\pm}14$ vs $62{\pm}12$). The HG showed a significant higher frequency of liver/biliary system disorders (37% vs 14%, p = 0.001). Hepatic function abnormal was reported more frequently in HG compared to MLG (26% vs 9%, p = 0.006). Conclusion: According to KAERS data, liver/biliary system disorders were more frequently reported in HG compared to MLG.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.12
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• pp.137-160
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• 2003

The association between accounting earnings and the stock price of an entity is the subject that has been most heavily researched during the past 25 years in accounting literature. Researcher's common finding is that there are positive relationships between accounting earnings and stock prices. However, the explanatory power of accounting earnings which was measured by $R^2$ of regression functions used was rather low. To be connected with these low results, The prior studies propose that there will be additional information, errors in variables. This study investigates empirically determinants of earnings response coefficients(ERCs), which measure the correlation between earnings and stock prices, using earnings level / change, as the dependent variable in the return/earnings regression. Specifically, the thesis tests whether the factors such as earnings persistence, growth, systematic risk, image, information asymmetry and firm size. specially, the determinable variables of ERC are explained in detail. The image / information asymmetry variables are selected to be connected with additional information stand point, The debt / growth variables are selected to be connected with errors in variables. In this study, The sample of firms, listed in Korean Stock Exchange was drawn from the KIS-DATA and was required to meet the following criteria: (1) Annual accounting earnings were available over the 1986-1999 period on the KIS-FAS to allow computation of variables parameter; (2) sufficient return data for estimation of market model parameters were available on the KIS-SMAT month returns: (3) each firm had a fiscal year ending in December throughout the study period. Implementation of these criteria yielded a sample of 1,141 firm-year observation over the 10-year(1990-1999) period. A conventional regression specification would use stock returns(abnormal returns) as a dependent variable and accounting earnings(unexpected earnings) changes interacted with other factors as independent variables. In this study, I examined the relation between other factors and the RRC by using reverse regression. For an empirical test, eight hypotheses(including six lower-hypotheses) were tested. The results of the performed empirical analysis can be summarized as follows; The first, The relationship between persistence of earnings and ERC have significance of each by itself, this result accord with one of the prior studies. The second, The relationship between growth and ERC have not significance. The third, The relationship between image and ERC have significance of each by itself, but a forecast code doesn't present. This fact shows that image cost does not effect on market management share, is used to prevent market occupancy decrease. The fourth, The relationship between information asymmetry variable and ERC have significance of each by. The fifth, The relationship between systematic risk$(\beta)$ and ERC have not significance. The sixth, The relationship between debt ratio and ERC have significance of each by itself, but a forecast code doesn't present. This fact is judged that it is due to the effect of financial leverage effect and a tendency of interest.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.304-311
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• 2016

The study was performed to examine the metabolic syndrome risk factors in accordance with the obesity types based on body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference cutoffs. The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome closely adhered to the NCEP-ATP III criteria, and obesity was defined using the WHO Asian-Pacific criteria. We used the data from 591 elderly women, all aged over 65 years. They were divided into four groups: The normal group (n=272), the obesity group (n=124), abdominal obesity group (n=19), and obesity-abdominal obesity group (n=176). The obesity-abdominal obesity group was the most prevalent group of low HDL-cholesterol (p=0.009), hypertriglyceridemia (p=0.025), abdominal obesity (p<0.001), and metabolic syndrome (p<0.001). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the obesity-abdominal obesity group had the highest odds ratio in predicting metabolic syndrome (OR: 10.638, 95% CI: 6.053~18.697). Therefore, the obesity-abdominal obesity group was the strongest predictive factor of metabolic syndrome risk in Korean elderly women.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.357-366
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• 2009

The principal objective of this study was to evaluate the association between plasma antioxidant levels and metabolic syndrome in male workers, and to provide basic information regarding the control and prevention of metabolic syndrome. We analyzed 163 male workers who had participated in annual medical examinations from January to December 2007. The subjects were classified into normal and metabolic syndrome groups according to the NCEP-ATP III criteria and the Asia-Pacific criteria for waist circumference. Anthropometric parameters, lifestyles, blood lipid profiles, and antioxidant levels were evaluated. As compared to the normal group, the metabolic syndrome group evidenced significantly higher plasma levels of $\alpha$- tocopherol(p<0.05) and retinol(p<0.05), but significantly lower plasma levels of lycopene(p<0.05) and $\beta$-carotene(p<0.05). This tendency was found to be predominantly attributable to increases in the number of metabolic syndrome components. In our simple regression analysis, higher plasma levels of $\alpha$-tocopherol($\beta$=0.001, p<0.01) and retinol($\beta$=0.021, p<0.001) were associated with significantly higher risks of metabolic syndrome, but lycopene($\beta$=-1.499, p<0.01) and $\beta$-carotene($\beta$=-0.048, p<0.01) were associated with significantly lower risks of metabolic syndrome. Retinol($\beta$=0.013, p<0.05) and $\beta$-carotene($beta$=-0.044, p<0.01) were associated significantly with metabolic syndrome, when adjusted for age and BMI. These data indicate that the plasma levels of $\alpha$-tocopherol, retinol, lycopene, and $\beta$-carotene are associated with metabolic syndrome. Specifically, low lycopene and $\beta$-carotene levels in the plasma appear to increase the risk of metabolic syndrome. Therefore, proper nutritional education programs for male workers are required to increase dietary intakes of antioxidant vitamins. Further studies will be necessary to determine whether antioxidant levels can be utilized as a predictive or a preventive factor.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.49-56
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• 2023

Impact based forecast refers to providing information on potential socioeconomic risks according to weather conditions, away from the existing weather factor-oriented forecast. Developed weather countries are investing manpower and finances in technology development to provide and spread impact information, but awareness of impact based forecasts has not spread in Korea. In addition, the focus is on disasters such as floods and typhoons, which cause a lot of damage to impact based forecasts, and research on evaluating the impact of vehicle risks due to strong winds in the transportation sector with relatively low damage is insufficient. In Korea, there are not many cases of damage to vehicle conduction caused by strong winds, but there are cases of damage and the need for research is increasing. Road vulnerability is required to evaluate the risk of vehicles caused by strong winds, and the purpose of this study was to calculate the criteria for road vulnerability. The road vulnerability evaluation was evaluated by the altitude of the road, the number of lanes, the type of road. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the vulnerable area was well reproduced. It is judged that the results of this study can be used as a criterion for preparing an objective evaluation of potential risks for vehicle drivers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.369-376
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• 2013

Prepared her for the early detection of the risk of cardiovascular disease prevention for the various attempts being made ill through a lot of research to the criteria of coronary artery calcification, but the figure is more than 100 the progress of the flow can be expected to be was. In this study, we quantify the correlation between body composition analysis, blood lipid levels of calcium and public asymptomatic even at low calcium levels in comparison with the existing studies by analyzing potential risk of cardiovascular disease will be represented on the were evaluated. Studies, the calcium scores in the body composition analysis "1-10", and when "11-100" when there was a significant correlation in BMI and WHR look more normal frequency range of the mean values in the normal range meomulreoteuna 21% relative HDL and TG in lipid profiles, no significant correlation look more normal frequency range of risk were derived from the mean values in the normal range, 21% to 40% of the relative risk were derived. meomulreoteuna. In addition, there is no correlation between BFM and BMR Also, average increases in the frequency of a higher standard was higher relative risk derived 31 to 93%, and geological correlation test TC above 20mg/dl atherosclerotic sclerosis seems to be the value of HDL to act to remove cholesterol from atheroma already looking at the same time to suppress the occurrence of atherosclerosis, increased LDL showed higher values occurs rapidly increasing. At this time, the relative risk of 43-50% have been identified. In other words, even when calcium levels are low, that is inherent in the incidence of cardiovascular disease was unknown.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.101-108
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• 1987

In order to evaluate the consistency of the serum estradiol pattern and response and to determine the influence of number of ovary on them in repeat cycles in the same patient, 57 cycles in 24 patients who underwent in Vitro Fertilization-Embryo Transfer or Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer in Seoul National University Hospital. The patients were stimulated by follicular stimulating hormone and human menopausal gonadotropin and classified as high(${\geqq}$400 pg/ml) and low(<400 pg/ml) response group according to preovulatory estradiol concentration and classified as three estradiol patterns (A,G.B) according to Jones criteria. Seventeen(89.5%) of 19 patients in when a high response to ovulation induction in their first cycle showed a high response. 40%(2/5) of the second ovulation induction cycle were low response in the patient whose first cycle resulted resulted in a low response. Serum estradiol pattern in the first ovulation induction cycle tended to be repeated in the second cycle. Women with high response tended to be more likely to have A and G patterns and less likely to have a cancellation than those with low response. One-ovary patients were at higher risk for inadequate ovulation induction response.