• 한국동물학회지
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.18-22
• /
• 1967

The routine entomological investigations were carried out in the areas of Kaejeon-Myon, OkkuGun, Cholla Pukdo province in 1964 and Sinchang-Myon, Asan Gun, Chungchong Namdo province in 1965, for the better understanding of the behavior of the anpheline mosquitoes especially of the population density , resting , feedign, and breeding habits. The results are as follows : 1. During the investigation , three species of anopheline mosquitoes were recorded ; Anopheles sinensis Wiedmann 1825, A, sineroides Yamada 1935, and A. yatsushiroensis Miyazaki 1951. A . yatsushiroensis Myiyasaki 1951, so far only recorded in Japan, was recorded for the first time in Korea in 1964 ; the site was Kaejong Myon, Okku Gun, Cholla Pukdo province. 2. Anopheles mosquitoes begin to appear from the middle of April and disappear in October. The date of mosquitoes collected by resting place collection in cow shed are three weeks ahead to the night time cow biting collection. 3. Resting places of anopheline mosquitoes are mainly in cow shed and outdoors which provides high humidity and shadow. 4. The population density of a. sinensis sows a peak in late June and early July in cow shed and by cow biting collection respectively, and another small peak in late August and early September. 5, . the biting activity at night is throughout the night from dusk to dawn, sharply decreasing just before dawn. The peak period was different in each months, 2100-2200 hours in June, 2300-2400 in July , 0300-0400 in August , and 2300-2400 in September. 6. The minimum temperature required for the mosquito's biting activity is 15 $^{\circ}C$ and the optimum is between 24-$25^{\circ}C$ : over $25^{\circ}C$ the activity is decreased. 7.A , sinensis appeared to be zoophilic in Sinchang area but 13 times anthrophophilic in Kaejong area than the former. 8. the light attraction of a. sinensis is significantly low in middle June and early August. The parous rate of A. sinensis caught by cow biting collection appeared higher after midnight (2400-0300 hours) with no relation to the peak period of biting activity by month.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.21-25
• /
• 1979

수도 유묘의 내냉성을 증대시키는 방법으로써 저온경화의 가능성과 한계를 구명하고저 품종통일과 진흥을 공시하여 주야간 $30^{\circ}/20^{\circ}$에서 생장한 제3 엽기묘를 6일간 저온경화를 한후 주야간 $8^{\circ}C$ 항온의 저온에 0, 2, 4, 6, 또는 8일간 처리하고 $30^{\circ}$20^{\circ}C 조건에서 냉해를 발현시키므로써 저온경화를 평가하였다. 저온경화방법은 주야간 $30^{\circ}/20^{\circ}C\;생장묘\rightarrow24^{\circ}14^{\circ}C(3일간)\rightarrow18^{\circ}/12^{\circ}C(3일간)\rightarrow8^{\circ}C$ 냉해유발처리의 순서를 갖는 점진적 경화와 $306{\circ}/20^{\circ}C\;생장묘\rightarrow30^{\circ}/20^{\circ}C$, 단 1일 4시간 $8^{\circ}C(2일간)\rightarrow30^{\circ}/20^{\circ}C$, 단 1일 6시간 $8^{\circ}C(2일간)\rightarrow30^{\circ}/20^{\circ}C$, 단 $8^{\circ}C\; 16시간 1회\rightarrow8^{\circ}C$ 냉해유발처리의 단시간 저온의 반복적 경화 2가지 방법이었으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 내냉성이 약한 품종 통일은 $8^{\circ}C$ 저온을 4일간 처리하면 경화를 하지 않은 유묘는 묘생존율이 25%에 지나지 않았으나 점전적 경화률은 묘생존율이 59%, 반족적 단시간 경화묘는 묘생존율이 89% 정도로써 저온경화의 효과가 뚜렷하였으나 $8^{\circ}C$ 저온이 6일간 이상이 되면 경화묘들도 묘생존율이 모두 20%이하로 떨어졌다. 2. 내냉성이 강한 품종 진흥은 비경화묘도 $8^{\circ}C$ 저온처리 8일간에서도 묘생존율은 90%이상이어서 묘생존율면에서는 저온경화 효과를 분화시키지 못하였다. 3. $8^{\circ}C$ 저온처리 및 냉해발현후 엽신의 변색고사현상은 품종 통일과 진흥 모두 비경화묘보다는 점진적 경화묘, 그보다는 반복적 단시간 경화묘가 뚜렷하게 정상엽면적비율이 높고 저온경화의 효과가 뚜렷하였다.

• 한국주거학회논문집
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.125-134
• /
• 2006

The tightness of windows have devoted to the improvement of thermal insulation and energy saving in buildings. But it is known that this tightness causes some side effects such as low ventilation, low capacity to humidity and temperature control and these are not profitable for inhabitants. To act on these side effects, Korean traditional windows which are composed of Han-Ji(Koreand traditional paper) and Chang-Sal(Korean traditional wooden frame) have been studied to get a reasonable solutions for these problems. In this study, to compare the thermal and humidity control performance of current window(12 mm pair) and Korean traditional windows, frames which are made of existing window and Korean traditional windows are adapted to scale model house and then humidity and temperature of in and out of scale model house are measured and analysed. The results of this study are followings ; 1) When Korean traditional window charges 20cm(1/8 of total window area) from total window area, Han-Ji window has higher thermal insulation than that of existing window in daytime. There is the most big thermal difference when double faced with double-ply Han-Ji window is placed to mock-up house. In night-time, the temperature difference is very small so this means that Korean traditional window is good to cover direct sunlight in daytime and reduce the temperature of balcony. One faced with one-ply han-Ji window has the best humidity penetration performance among three type of Korean traditional windows. 2) When Korean window area enlarged to 40cm(1/4 of total window area), the function of 40cm width Han-Ji window is higher than that of 20cm's. This means that enlargement of Han-Ji window cover direct sunlight more and is more efficient in humidity penetration.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.247-255
• /
• 2007

During the winter season in Korea, the relative humidity of greenhouse at night often exceeds 90% because air temperature inside the greenhouse is usually controlled using a heater with all of windows closed to minimize heat loss, thereby requiring the use of a dehumidifier that can maintain optimum humidity levels of $70{\sim}80%$ to provide a good growth condition of crops. Also, such a high humid condition can cause the development of a pest, such as insects, fungi or diseases. However, the use of most conventional dehumidifiers for low temperature dehumidification is limited because their performance is degraded due to frost accumulation on the evaporator coil. This study was carried out to develop a refrigeratory-based dehumidifier suitable for low temperature dehumidification in greenhouse cultivation. The developed dehumidifier consists of a condenser and an evaporator installed separately so that relative and absolute humidity levels can be reduced when air passed through the condenser and evaporator, respectively. The prototype dehumidifier showed a dehumidification capacity of $5{\sim}7kg/h$ when air with a temperature of $15{\sim}25^{\circ}C$ and a relative humidity of $70{\sim}95%$ came into the dehumidifier. Under the condition that either temperature or relative humidity was fixed, the amount of condensed water was proportional to the levels of both temperature and relative humidity.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.292-298
• /
• 2018

The contamination of photovoltaic (PV) cells reduces the incidence of sunlight and reduces the power generation output of PV cells. The main factor influencing the contamination of PV cells installed outdoors is the fine dust in the air, but the influence of temperature, humidity, rain and wind can be considered. In this paper, experiments on the contamination of PV cells according to the fine dust density, the temperature and humidity of air were investigated. As results of this study, the contamination area of PV cells increases with contamination time and cumulative fine dust density in the air. The contamination of PV cells increases when the temperature is low and the humidity is high. Also, as the contamination of PV cells is affected to the wind, the deviation of contamination area is happened.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제28권10호
• /
• pp.831-840
• /
• 2019

Recently, summer high temperature events caused by climate change and urban heat island phenomenon have become a serious social problem around the world. Urban areas have low albedo and huge heat storage, resulting in higher temperatures and longer lasting characteristics. To effectively consider the urban heat island measures, it is important to quantitatively grasp the impact of urban high temperatures on the society. Until now, the study of urban heat island phenomenon had been carried out focusing only on the effects of urban high temperature on human health (such as heat stroke and sleep disturbance). In this study, we focus on the effect of urban heat island phenomenon on air pollution. In particular, the relationship between high temperature phenomena in urban areas during summer and the concentration of photochemical oxidant is investigated. High concentrations of ozone during summer are confirmed to coincide with a day when the causative substances (NO2,VOCs) are high in urban areas during the early morning hours. Further, it is noted that the night urban heat island intensity is large.. Finally, although the concentration of other air pollutants has been decreasing in the long term, the concentration of photochemical oxidant gradually increases in Daegu.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제34권4호
• /
• pp.434-439
• /
• 1989

벼 어린모의 육묘온도별 최소 육묘일수를 구명하고 육묘온도, 육교일수 및 배유제거유무에 따른 이앙후 초기생육을 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 벼 어린모 육묘시 육묘오도에 따른 최소 육묘일수를 맷트형성정도를 기준으로 보면 20/12$^{\circ}C$ 서/ 야)에서는 10일, 25/18$^{\circ}C$에서는 8일, 30/2$0^{\circ}C$에서는 6일어었다. 2. 벼 어린모 육묘시 유교온도에 따른 최소 육묘일수의 묘생육을 보면 초자은 8~12cm, 엽수(불완전엽 제외)는 1.5~1.7엽, 지상부 건물중은 개체당 6.9~7.5mg, 배유양분잔존율은 32~36%이었다. 3. 벼 어린모 육묘시 육묘온도에 따른 최소 육묘일수의 적산온도는 육묘온도에 따라 다소 다르나 150~17$0^{\circ}C$의 범위이었다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제32권5호
• /
• pp.536-546
• /
• 2016

The diurnal variations of $O_3$ and $NO_2$ in an urban park and the effects of air temperature and wind speed on the diurnal variations are investigated. $O_3$ and $NO_2$ concentrations were observed at a site in an urban park of Seoul from 27 July 2015 to 9 August 2015. The $O_3$ and $NO_2$ concentrations observed in the urban park are compared to those observed at the Gangnam air quality monitoring station (AQMS). The $O_3$ concentration is higher in the urban park than at the Gangnam AQMS in the daytime because the amount of $O_3$ dissociated by NO is smaller as well as partly because the amount of $O_3$ produced in the oxidation process of biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is larger in the urban park than at the Gangnam AQMS. The $NO_2$ concentration is lower in the urban park than at the Gangnam AQMS during day and night because the observation site in the urban park is relatively far from roads where $NO_x$ is freshly emitted from vehicles. The difference in $NO_2$ concentration is larger in the daytime than in the nighttime. To examine the effects of air temperature and wind speed on the diurnal variations of $O_3$ and $NO_2$, the observed $O_3$ and $NO_2$ concentrations are classified into high or low air temperature and high or low wind speed days. The high $O_3$ and $NO_2$ concentrations in the daytime appear for the high air temperature and low wind speed days. This is because the daytime photochemical processes are favorable when the air temperature is high and the wind speed is low. The scatter plots of the daytime maximum $O_3$ and minimum $NO_2$ concentrations versus the daytime averages of air temperature and wind speed show that the daytime maximum $O_3$ and minimum $NO_2$ concentrations tend to increase as the air temperature increases or the wind speed decreases. The daytime maximum $O_3$ concentration is more sensitive to the changes in air temperature and wind speed in the urban park than at the Gangnam AQMS.

• 원예과학기술지
• /
• 제32권6호
• /
• pp.753-761
• /
• 2014

Growth and flowering of Cymbidium 'Red Fire' and 'Yokihi' plants were examined in a greenhouse with cooling systems in summer, and with night interruption (NI) lighting in winter as a forcing culture system. The greenhouse was divided into two sections with separate cooling controls during the summer season. One section was cooled by a mist system (mist), while the other section was cooled by a shade screen (shade). During the winter, the greenhouse was redivided into three sections within each cooling system. Plants were grown with NI either at a low light intensity of $3-7{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$(LNI) or a high l ight intensity of $120{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$(HNI) u sing h igh-pressure sodium l amps during the 22:00-02:00 HR. The control plants were grown under 9 h short-day condition. NI for 16 weeks and cooling for 9 weeks were employed twice during the 2 years of the experimental period. The air temperature was approximately $2^{\circ}C$ lower in the mist than in the shade and the relative humidity was 80 ${\pm}5%$ in the mist compared to $55{\pm}5%$ in the shade. The daily light integral in the mist section was 48% higher than in the shade section. The time from initial planting to flowering pseudobulb emergence decreased with both LNI and HNI for both cultivars, regardless of the cooling treatments. Under NI conditions, however, between 60% and 1 00% of plants of both cultivars flowered in the mist, whereas no or 20% of 'Red Fire' or 'Yokihi' plants, respectively, flowered in the shade treatment over 2 years. Plants grown under the mist had bigger pseudobulbs than those grown in the shade under both NI treatments. These results show that commercial use of NI in winter and a mist cooling system in summer would decrease crop production time to 2 years and increase profits in Cymbidium forcing culture.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.203-210
• /
• 1976

본연구는 수도의 내냉성품종육성과정에 있어서 유효한 정보를 제공하고, 근연 및 원연교잡에 의해 육성된 8품종을 공시하여 동일품종에서의 생육과정에 따른 저온장해와 그 품종간차이가 어떻게 존재하는가를 명백히 하고 효과적인 내냉성검정방법을 험지코자 실시한 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 처리온도 17$^{\circ}C$에서는 품종간차이를 인정할 수 없었으나 14$^{\circ}C$ 및 11$^{\circ}C$에서는 품종간 차이가 확대되어 Japonica인 "진흥"은 발아율이 높고 발아속도도 빠르나 "철원001"는 발아율이 낮았고, Indica${\times}$japonica인 "유신" , "통일"은 발아율이 가장 낮으나 "조생통일"은 높은 편이었다. "수원25001"는 현저히 높은 발아율과 발아계수를 인정할 수 있었다. 2. 유묘기의 저온장해는 Indica${\times}$Japonica품종에서 크고 Japonica${\times}$32Japonica품종에서 적으나 유묘의 생육진전에 따라 저온장해양상이 다르며 특히 저온 활착성은 유묘의 저온장해와는 달리 단묘형인 Indica${\times}$Japonica의 "통일", "수원258"가 높았다. 3. 감수분열기 저온처리(주간 18$^{\circ}C$, 야간 12$^{\circ}C$ : 5~7일간)에서 출수지연일수는 처리일수에 따라 반응이 달랐으며 부임율의 발생은 Japonica 품종에서 낮은 경향이나 "철원001"는 "통일","조생통일"등 Indica${\times}$Japonica품종보다 현저이 높았다. 4. 출수기 저온처리에서는 품종에 따라서 감수분열기처리에서의 부임율 발생과는 반대로 "수원258호"와 "Shimokita"높았으나 "철원001"는 현저히 낮았다. 5. 각생육과정별 저온장해(저온저항성)의 품종간 차이는 크게 인정되었으며, 동일품종에 있어서의 생육과정별 저온장해는 반드시 평행적이 아니라는 것을 명백히 인정할 수 있었다. 이것은 광의의 내냉성 품종육성을 위 유전자원의 탐색과 검정방법에 중요한 시사라고 생각된다.육과정별 저온장해(저온저항성)의 품종간 차이는 크게 인정되었으며, 동일품종에 있어서의 생육과정별 저온장해는 반드시 평행적이 아니라는 것을 명백히 인정할 수 있었다. 이것은 광의의 내냉성 품종육성을 위 유전자원의 탐색과 검정방법에 중요한 시사라고 생각된다.