• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.35-47
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• 2022

Expansion of potato production areas can improve the food security in North Korea because the given crop has less requirements for agricultural materials and facilities. The Global Agro-Ecological Zones (GAEZ) model, which was developed to evaluate climate suitability under different cultivation conditions, was used to identify potential areas for the potato production. The spatial estimates of crop suitability under low and high input management conditions were downloaded from the GAEZ data portal. The values of suitability were obtained at the potato occurrence sites retrieved from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) database. The suitable areas for the potato production were identified using a threshold value derived from the suitability estimates at the occurrence sites. It was found that 90% of the occurrence sites had the suitability index value >3,333, which was set to be the threshold value. The suitable areas in North Korea were summarized by province and county. Rice cultivation areas were excluded from the analysis. The reported relative acreage of potato production was better represented by the suitable areas under the low input management options than the high input conditions. The suitable areas also had a similar distribution to the reported acreage of potato production by county. These results indicated that the GAEZ model would be useful to identify the candidate production areas, which would facilitate the increases in potato production especially under future climate conditions. Furthermore, monthly maps of crop suitability can be used to design cropping systems that would improve crop production under the limited use of agricultural materials and facilities.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.501-514
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• 1997

Manufacturing is fast entering a new age of industrial excellence that is being called "Agile Manufacturing." The goal of Agile Manufacturing is to link customers, suppliers, and the manufacturing system into a super-efficient confederation to produce a variety of products quickly and at a low cost. In order to improve the quality of the study of production input control(PIC) in a job shop manufacturing system by reducing the significant gap between research models and models of actual manufacturing systems, the previous line of research on PICs in a job shop manufacturing system is extended by integrating customers and suppliers with the manufacturing system. Then, a set of measures is developed to evaluate PICs, measures that reflect concerns of customers and suppliers as well as concerns of the manufacturer. Also, a weighted overall measure (with various cases to represent different possible weights of manufacturer's emphasis on the performance measures) is used to synthesize all the performance measures. Then, for each case, various existing PICs are evaluated in combination with various priority dispatching rules(PDRs).

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.35-43
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to analyze emergy flows of rice for evaluating the value of rice production and sustainability. Emergy analysis evaluates the sustainability of systems or processes considering all the inputs to make a product or a sevice. In this study, we analyzed the emergy flows and indices of rice productionand compared the regional emergy values using statisticcal analysis: input materials, hours per unit area(10a), and production costs. As the results, we found that the rates of external investment (EIR= 18.87) and environmental loading (ELR=21.7) are significantly high during the rice cultivation. However, emergy yield ratio(EYR) shows that rice is a valuable resource because EYR is 5.12 and environmental Sustainability IndexSI value is as low as 0.24 and it shows rice has low sustainability. This study also shows that Chungcheongnam-do has the highest SI value for rice production due to low environmental loading and abundant natural energy during rice cultivation. These results of rice emergy flows and sustainability assessments could provide a way of sustainable rice cultivation with decrease of environmental loading from fertilizer.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.326-330
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• 2020

Small-scale production control systems for smart manufacturing are becoming increasingly necessary as the manufacturing industry seeks to maximize manufacturing efficiency as the demand for customized product production increases. Correspondingly, the development of an embedded system to realize this capability is becoming important. In this study, we developed an embedded system based on an open source system that is cheaper than a widely applied programmable logic controller (PLC)-based production control system that is easier to install, configure, and process than a conventional relay control panel. This embedded system is system is based on a low-power, high-performance Cortex M4 processor and can be applied to smart manufacturing. It is designed to improve the development environment and compatibility of existing PLCs, control small-scale production systems, and enable data collection through heterogeneous communication. The real-time response characteristics were confirmed through an operation test for input/output control and data collection, and it was confirmed that they can be used in industrial sites.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.606-612
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• 2005

Individual production traits, such as reproduction and mortality rates, are partial measures, but may be used to evaluate the performance of different systems by comparing the rate of flock growth and potential offtake. The productivity of two existing sheep production systems, one extensive, one intensive, was compared with an alternative semi-intensive system. The future flock sizes, offtakes and structures were predicted based on the age structure of the flock and age-specific reproduction, mortality and growth rates. The measurements were illustrated with reference to growth of a sheep flock of different age and sex categories. The flock was in a socalled dynamic situation. During the dry period, the digestible organic matter intake of the animals in the intensive system and both extensive and semi-extensive systems was 36 and 20.1 g kg$^{-0.75}$ d$^{-1}$, respectively. During the cold period, the digestible organic matter intake of the animals in extensive, intensive and semi-extensive systems was 34, 34.5 and 41 g kg$^{-0.75}$ d$^{-1}$, respectively. During the dry period, the animals in the both extensive and semi-intensive systems lost in body weight at a rate of 19 g per day, but the rate of gain in body weight of the animals in intensive system was 57 g per day. During the cold period, the animals in extensive, intensive and semiintensive systems gained in body weight at rates of 56, 67 and 97 g per day, respectively. The higher gain of animals during the cold period in the semi-intensive system was related to a sustained higher intake of low-quality roughage and more efficient use of the available feed. Compared to the intensive system, the annual concentrate input of the semi-intensive system was about 48% lower for each livestock unit. The productivity of the semi-intensive system was higher than that of the extensive system.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.4632-4641
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• 2011

The detailed production traceability information is a fundamental element in successful introduction and revitalization of traceability system. In this paper, we propose a production traceability information gathering system which is based on handwritten data digitalization technology in agro-livestock products. By the proposed system, we can effectively gather the detailed production traceability information with digital pen and the management ledger of paper document type by only writing the ledger. The server of the system generates the same digital image as the ledger and converts the handwritten data into digital text to insert the data into the database. Because the system is superior to data gathering system based on PC, PDA and touch screen in mobility, usability, data input speed, suitability in agro-livestock environment, it is possible to effectively gather traceability information of high quality by users even if they have low information ability and insufficient time to input data. We expect that the handwritten data digitalization technology is used to gather document based information in stage of manufacturing, distribution and marketing. In addition, this technology is applied to implementing advanced traceability system with RFID/USN based systems.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.8_spc
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• pp.1266-1274
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• 2019

This paper presents a review of dairy goat production in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) from 2010- 2017, its current state, constraints and prospects for research and development. Since the introduction of dairy goats in SSA in pre-colonial times, their populations have continued to increase due to declining land size as a result of land fragmentation and increasing demand for goat milk. The current goat population in SSA is 372,716,040 head of which only 15.98% used for milk production. Populations in the Eastern and Western regions of SSA have shown an increasing trend from 2010 to 2017. The Southern Africa goat population is on the decline at an annual rate of about 1.77% whereas Central Africa has had a constant goat population within the same period. Eastern Africa reported the highest increase in the population of goats used for milk production. Milk production was highest in Eastern Africa and lowest in Southern Africa. However, dairy goat productivity remained constant in the Eastern region throughout the review period. Dairy goats are mainly raised under smallholder mixed crop-livestock systems. To enhance the development of the dairy goat, concerted efforts should be made to alleviate the constraints that stifle its growth. These constraints can be categorized into nutrition and feeding, breeding and reproduction, diseases, parasites, climate change, and underdeveloped dairy goat products market. Effective management of dairy goats requires a holistic approach and there is the need to expand the markets by further sensitization on the nutritional and medicinal advantages of dairy goat products. In order to achieve rapid development in the dairy goat sub sector, research and development initiatives should be directed towards alleviating the hurdles in nutrition and feeding, breeding, animal health and resilience as well as dairy goat markets.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.48-68
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• 2003

There have been some problems of high labor. low productivity in the existing systems of bonsai cultivation. This study was conducted to cultivate a large quantity of hig-quality bonsai through the development of bottom irrigation system and management method. Bonsai placed on the FRP bed were grown very well by bottom irrigation system compared with direct watering and sprinkler system. It was concluded that bottom irrigation system was possible to reduce considerable manual labor and produce mass production of high-quality bonsai within shorter periods. This research was finally found that the growth was significantly better and earlier production was certain in the vinyl house, had another advantage which could cultivate less cold-resistant species and therefore broadened a range of species selection for market supply. Cultivation techniques by the use of vinyl house and bottom irrigation system developed was quite effective for early production of bonsai as well as for high productive and value added. This project developed a new practical techniques and systems which can make mass and early production of bonsai with high quality through input of less labor. Interest in bonsai is now expanding in landscape horticulture and other fields concerned, and bonsai export of our country is also increasing. Results from this research will make a great contribution to enhancing of bonsai cultivator's competitive position in world markets and to improving of their annual income.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.148-154
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• 2009

In recent days, large-sized flat-panel display (FPD) has been increasingly applied to computer monitors and TVs. Mura defects, appearing as low contrast or non-uniform brightness region, sometimes occur in manufacturing of the Thin-Film Transistor Liquid-Crystal Displays (TFT-LCD). Implementation of automatic Mura inspection methods is necessary for TFT-LCD production. Various existing Mura detection methods based on regression diagnostics, surface fitting and data transformation have been presented with good performance. This paper proposes an efficient Mura detection method that is based on a regression diagnostics using studentized residuals for automatic Mura inspection of FPD. The input image is estimated by a linear model and then the studentized residuals are calculated for filtering Mura regions. After image dilation, the proposed threshold is determined for detecting the non-uniform brightness region in TFT-LCD by means of monitoring the every pixel in the image. The experimental results obtained from several test images are used to illustrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method for Mura detection.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.423-431
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• 2001

Animals are one of the important memberships of the food chain. The low-efficiency rule of nutrient transfer from one member to the next in the food chain determines the low efficiency of animal agriculture for human food. On the average, about 20% feed proteins and 15% feed energy can be converted into edible nutrients for humans. The rest proportion of feed nutrients is exposed to the environment. Environmental pollution, therefore, is inevitable as animal agriculture grows intensively and extensively. The over-loading of the environment by nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus from animal manure results in soil and water spoilage. The emission of gases like $CH_2$, $CO_2$, $SO_2$, NO, $NO_2$ by animals are one of the contributors for the acidification of the environment and global warming. The inefficient utilization of natural resources and the probable unsafety of animal products to human health are also a critical environmental issue. Improving the conversion efficiency of nutrients in the food chain is the fundamental strategy for solving environmental issues. Specifically in animal agriculture, the strategy includes the improvements of animal genotypes, nutritional and feeding management, animal health, housing systems and waste disposal programs. Animal nutrition science plays a unique and irreplaceable role in the control of nutrient input and output in either products or wastes. Several nutritional methods are proved to be effective in alleviating environmental pollution. A lot of nutritional issues, however, remain to be further researched for the science of animal nutrition to be a strong helper for sustainability of animal agriculture.