• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.272-279
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• 1988

토양(土壤)의 인산함량(燐酸含量)과 인산(燐酸)의 고정력(固定力)이 상이(相異)하고 토양(土壤)의 특성(特性)을 달리하는 11개(個) 밭토양(土壤)에서 인산(燐酸)을 여러 수준(水準)으로 시용(施用)하고 대두(大豆)를 재배(栽培)하여 토양(土壤)의 여러 인산분획물(燐酸分劃物)이 대두(大豆) 수량(收量)에 미치는 영향(影響)과 인산(燐酸) 분획물(分劃物)들 간(間)의 관계(關係)에 대하여 검토(檢討)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 토양중(土壤中) 유효인산함량(有效燐酸含量)이 낮고 인산(燐酸)의 고정력(固定力)이 큰 토양(土壤)에서 인산(燐酸)의 비효(肥效)가 컸으며 대두(大豆) 수량(收量)은 유효인산(有效燐酸) 및 무기태인산함량(無機態燐酸含量)과 유의성(有意性)있는 정(正)의 상관관계(相關關係)를 보였다. 2. 토양(土攘)에 시용(施用)된 인산(燐酸)이 유효인산(有效燐酸) 으로 변화(變化)되는 비율(比率) 즉 유효인산화율(有效燐酸化率)은 2.5-91.7% 범위(範圍)로 토양(土壤)의 종류(種類)에 따라 상이(相異)하였으며 평균(平均) 48.5%이었다. 3. 대두(大豆) 수량(收量), 식물체(植物體) 인산함량(燐酸含量) 및 흡수량(吸收量)과 개화기(開化期)기 토양중(土壤中)의 유효인산(有效燐酸) 및 무기태(無機態) 인산함량(燐酸含量)과의 관계(關係)에서 대두(大豆) 수량(水量)은 유효인산(有效燐酸), Al-P 및 Ca-P와 식물체(植物體) 인산함량(燐酸含量) 및 흡수량(吸收量)과는 Fe-P를 제외(除外)하고 모두 유의성(有意性) 있는 상관관계(相關關係)를 보였으나, Fe-P함량(含量)도 제주통(濟州統)을 분리(分籬)해서 보면 유의성(有意性)있는 상관관계(相關關係)를 보였다. 4. 개화기(開花期) 토양중(土壤中) Al-P/Fe-P 비(比)는 인산(燐酸) 시용량(施用量)이 증가(增加)함에 따라 증가(增加)되었으며, 그 증가폭(增加幅)은 토양(土壤)의 종류(種類)에 따라 상이(相異)하였고, 대두수량(大豆收量), 인산(燐酸) 흡수량(吸收量), 토양(土壤) 및 식물체(植物體) 인산함량(燐酸含量)과 유의성(有意性) 있는 정(正)의 상관관계(相關關係)를 보였으나, Fe-P와는 유의성(有意性) 있는 상관관계(相關關係)를 보이지 않았다. 5. 개화기(開化期) 토양(土壤)의 인산(燐酸) 흡수량(吸收量)은 인산(燐酸) 시용량(施用量)이 증가(增加)함에 따라 점점 감소(減少)되었으며, 감소(減少) 정도(程度)는 인산(燐酸)의 고정력(固定力)이 낮은 토양(土壤)에서 크고 인산(燐酸)의 고정력(固定力)이 큰 토양(土壤)에서 작았다. 한편 토양(土壤)의 인산(燐酸) 흡수량(吸收量)은 토양(土壤) 및 식물체(植物體) 인산함량(燐酸含量), 식물체(植物體) 인산(燐酸) 흡수량(吸收量), 무기태(無機態) 인산(燐酸)(Sa-P, Al-P, Ca-P) 함량(含量)과 유의성(有意性) 있는 부(負)의 상관관계(相關關係)를 보였으며, 수량(收量)과는 유의성(有意性)은 없었지만 부(負)의 상관경향(相關傾向)을 보였다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제34권s02호
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• pp.34-44
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• 1989

우리나라의 벼안전재배는 기상환경에 의해서 크게 좌우된다. 그러므로 기상재해를 경감시키기 위한 신품종의 육성 및 재배법 연구는 매우 중요하다. 그중에서도 벼의 냉해는 그동안 여러번에 걸쳐 심한 피해를 가져다 주어 그 중요성이 확인되어 많은 연구가 실시되었다. 본 논문에서는 이와 같은 냉해의 발생원인과 기작을 살펴보고 그 경감대책을 종합하여 보다 더 효율적인 연구와 실질적인 재배의 기초자료로 활용하고저 한다. 1. 우리나라 벼 냉해 상습지는 전국적으로 1,709개소에 약 15,522ha에 분포하고 있다. 2. 벼유묘기 냉해는 발아불량, 적고현상, 고사 및 뜸묘의 발생 등으로 나타난다. 3. 영양생장기의 냉해는 활착불량으로 분얼수가 감소하여 단위면적당 수수가 적고, 생육지연 및 유수형성 지연으로 출수가 지연된다. 4. 생식생장 초기의 냉해는 지경 및 영화의 퇴화, 발육정지가 되고, 감수분열기에는 화분발육의 조해로 불념이 증가되고 수장이 단축되며 출수지연으로 수량감소에 큰 영향을 준다. 5. 출수 및 등숙기 냉해는 개화, 출수 지연으로 수분, 수정이 불량하며 이삭목의 추출불량, 등숙불량 및 쌀의 미질이 불량하게 된다. 이상과 같은 냉해를 경감시키기 위한 기술시책으로는 6. 중산간지 및 산간고냉지에 적용되며, 내냉성이 높은 품종육성 7. 밭못리 육묘와 ABA, 후치왕, 다찌에스 등의 생장조정제를 이용한 건묘육성 8. 냉수답이나 냉해상습지에는 토양개량 및 육기작 시용으로 보비로 튼튼한 벼생육을 가져 온다. 9. 냉해시에는 깊게 물대기와 냉수관개시에는 우회수로, 비닐튜브 등을 이용한 물온도 높여 주기 등 합리적인 물관리가 필요하다. 10. 각 지역의 최고, 평균, 최저온도를 기본으로 한 안전작기를 책정하여 적기에 적품종을 재배하여야 한다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.255-262
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• 1991

The effects of S fertilization and stocking rate on cattle production from native and sown pastures were studied in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. On the native pasture there was no effect of S application over the three years of the experiment. The per head production was lower at the higher stocking rate (1.0 hd/ha), but the overall production increased by an average of 49%. There was no response to S applied to the clean seedbed pastures in the first year, but significant responses developed in the second and third years. There was an overall higher production from the higher stocked pastures (3.0 hd/ha), but the per head production was lower. There was a mean of about a two-fold increase in animal production from the highest native to the lowest improved pasture and a 3.4 times increase from the low stocking rate native to the high stocking rate sown pasture.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.63-67
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• 2009

The effects of adhesive substrates and bottom materials on the release of fertilized eggs by the Pacific cod, (Gadus macrocephalus) were examined to find an effective release method. Palm twin as an adhesive substrate displayed a significantly elevated adhesive rate compared to gulf weed. However, the survival rate of the fertilized eggs attached to palm twin was as low as 17.5% 8 days after fertilization (DAF). In contrast, fertilized eggs in the absence of adhesive substrate displayed the highest survival rate (47.0%). Concerning bottom materials, the survival rate of fertilized eggs on sand was significantly high (approximately 51.1%) on 8 and 9 DAF. The observations indicates that adhesive substrates are not needed and spawning ground bottom materials such as sand or mud should be considered when releasing fertilized eggs of Pacific cod.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.50-56
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• 1990

Bovine oocytes obtained from follicles(2~5mm) of ovaries after slaughter were cultured in TCM 199 medium with 10~20% heat-inactivated estrus cow serum(ECS) for 25~27 hr, at 39$^{\circ}C$ under 5% CO2 in air. At the end of culture period, some oocytes were stained with 1% acetoorcein and examined for the evidence of oocyte maturation. The remainder were used to assess the potential of in vitro fertilization(IVF) with frozen-thawed spermatozoa and subsequent development in media with or without bovine oviduct epithelial cell (BOEC) co-culture. The results obtained were summarized as follows ; 1. The maturation rate of oocyte in vitro in TCM 199 medium with 15% ECS group(76.3) was superior to 10% ECS group(68.3%) and 20% ECS group(64.5%). 2. The IVF rates of oocytes matured in vitro, and formation rate of male and female pronuclei were 63.6%(77/121) and 93.5%(72/77), respectively. The incidence of polyspermy was very low(2.4%). 3. Of 73 oocytes fertilized in vitro and cultured in TCM 199 medium with 10% fetal calf serum for 7 days, 41(56.3%) were cleaved over 2-cell and only 1(2.4%) was developed beyond the 16-cell stage. 4. Of 76 oocytes co-cultured with BOEC, 58(76.3%) were cleavaged and 23(39.7%) were developed to morula and blastocyst stage. The results of this study indicate that co-culture with BOEC deserved a positive effect on the IVF oocyte development through the 16-cell block.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.73-78
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• 2000

This study was conducted for 2 years at Chinju region to establish suitable seeding rate and fertilizing levels of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium in spring-sown Jinyangbori. Heading and maturing were delayed by increasing fertilizers, especially nitrogen. Number of spikes per were secured by much seeding and increased application of nitrogen. One thousand grain weight reduced with increasing fertilization at any seeding rate. Relatively high harvest indices were observed with 12-10-4 at 10kg. 10a$^{-l}$ seeds planted, followed by 6-10-8 at 15 kgㆍ 10a$^{-1}$, and 6-10-4kgㆍ 10a$^{-l}$ at 20kg ㆍ 10a$^{-l}$ of N-P-K fertilizing combinations, respectively. There was no distinct differences on yield for various seeding rates in spring-sown barley. When seeding rate increased up to 15kgㆍ10a$^{-1}$, the positive effect of fertilizers was recognized as the function of balanced-application. It was possible to recommend 10kgㆍ10a$^{-1}$ as seeding rate and 6-5-4(N-P-K)kgㆍ10a$^{-1}$ as fertilizing combination in spring-time seeding considering low input and sustainable agriculture. There was no significant difference of protein content in grain by seeding rate. Increase of nitrogen fertilizer enhanced protein content in grain.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.147-157
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• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of in vitro fertilization, culture and embryo development according to in vitro maturation rate, protectant composition and equilibrium time after frozen /thawing of bovine immature oocytes. This results obtained in studies on the effect of different cryoprotectants on the viability, maturation and development of in vitro bovine oocytes were as follow: 1.The post-thawing of immature oocytes matured to metaphase II during culture time for 0 to 26 h, and those group (62~3%) were low than control group (76.7%). The optimal maturation time of frozen-thawed immature oocytes was at 24 h. 2.The viability of cryopreserved immature oocytes was not affected by sort of cryoprotectants. The developmental competence of frozen4hawed oocytes was not affected by cryoprotectants. These results indicate that an optimal maturation time of frozen /thawed immature oocytes was at 24h. Furthermore the viability of cryopreserved immature oocytes was not affected by sort of cryoprotectants and developmental competence of frozen /thawed oocytes.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.355-363
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• 1992

Nitrate reductase activity(NRA) and induced NRA were compared in 4 species of moss ctenidium molluscum, homalothecium, tortella tortusa and neckera crispa collected from limestone in england. the NRA and dry weight of the c. molluscum were also measured after spraying with acidic deposition adjusted to ph 5.6, 4.6, 3.6 and 2.8 with one of two molar ratios of nitric to sulfuric acid, i.e. 1:0(N alone) and 1:2(1N+2S) for 20 days. All 4 species showed high NR leavels in the upper part of cut shoots and occurred maximum inducation of NRA within 6h. c. molluscum had the highest NRA levels among 4 species. after daily spraying of acidic deposition, NRA of c. molluscum was increased much more largely at ph 6 and ph 3.6 derived from N alone than from 1N+2S. However that was decreased at ph 2.8 derived both from N alone and 1N+2S . Decline of dry weight had occurred at ph 3.6 and 2.8 derived both from N alone and 1N+2S. Whereas substantial fertilization effect was observed at ph 4.6 derived from N alone. the data suggest that c. molluscum are able to utilize nitrate more effectivery than any other species, and NRA induction are more sensitive than growth response to nitrogen content of acidicdeposition in a short- term. however toxic effects was detected at high $NO_3$ supply and low phacidic deposition.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.307-310
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• 1998

The present studies were undertaken to evaluate the effects of a low concentration of dimethyl-sulfoxide (DMSO) on in vitro maturation and development of bovine oocytes fertilized in vitro. Significantly more oocytes reached the metaphase stage of the second meiotic division in TCM-199 supplemented with $50{\mu}M$ DMSO than in the control medium (p < 0.05), and the highest rates of development up to the blastocyst stage were obtained when $50{\mu}M$ DMSO was added to the maturation and culture media (p < 0.05). The avarage of cell numbers of the blastocysts, expanded and hatched blastocysts cultured with $50{\mu}M$ DMSO were 81.7, 125.7 and 129.9 cells, respectively. The proportion of blastocysts with normal chromosome numbers was 90.5%. These results suggest that the addition of $50{\mu}M$ DMSO is beneficial for the maturation of bovine oocytes and production of the blastocysts with high quality.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.63-69
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• 1996

Bovine immature oocytes cultured for various times in TC-199 medium were inseminated with frozne-thawed spermatozoa in TC-199 medium supplemented with caffeine(5mM) and heparin(10$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml). Sperm penetraton was possible in oocytes at any stage of maturation, but penetration rates were lower in oocytes inseminated 0~16h (60~76%) than 20h (98%) after culture. Formation of male and female pronuclei were first observed in oocytes inseminated 8h after cultrue. Formation of male and female pronuclei were first observed in oocytes inseminated 8h after culture. The proportions of polyspermy were high(50~76%) in oocytes inseminated at any stage of maturation. Sperm penetration into oocytes at the GV stage started at 8h after insemination and the penetration rates gradually increased as time after insemination proceeds. The proportion(35%) of oocytes matured beyond metaphase-II 20h after sperm-oocytes incubation was low. When oocytes were incubated without spermatozoa in TC-199 medium, maturation rates were significantly higher (P<0.001) in those without(45 and 84% for 16 and 20 h) than with (0 and 36% for 16 and 20 h) caffeine and heparin. These results indicate that TC-199 medium with caffeine and heparin is not suitable for maturation and fertilization of immature oocytes and may inhibit male pronuclear formation in the cytoplasm.