• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2021

In the Internet of Thing (IoT) framework, massive machine-type communications (MMTC) have required large spectral efficiency. For this, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has emerged as an efficient solution. Recently, a non-successive interference cancellation (SIC) NOMA scheme has been implemented without loss. This lossless NOMA without SIC is achieved via correlated superposition coding (SC), in contrast to conventional independent SC. However, conventional minimum high-correlated SC for only 2-user NOMA schemes was investigated in the lossless 2-user non-SIC NOMA implementation. Thus, this paper investigates a 3-user low-correlated SC scheme, especially for an inflated achievable sum rate, with a design of 3-user low-correlated SC. First, we design the 3-user low-correlated SC scheme by taking the minimum sum rate between 3-user SIC NOMA and 3-user non-SIC NOMA, both with correlated SC. Then, simulations demonstrate that the low correlation in the direction of the first user's power allocation inflates the sum rate in the same direction, compared to that of conventional minimum high-correlated SC NOMA, and such inflation due to low correlation is also observed similarly, in the direction of the second user's power allocation. Moreover, we also show that the two low correlations of the first and second users inflates doubly in the both directions of the first and second users' power allocations. As a result, the proposed 3-user low-correlated SC could be considered as a promising scheme, with the inflated sum rate in the future fifth-generation (5G) NOMA networks.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.187-193
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• 2009

For this study, the external laryngeal lengths of 9 females and 9 males with normal voices were measured together with their ages, heights, and weights, and after they read aloud sentences for 3 minutes, their habitual speaking fundamental frequencies, speaking low pitches, speaking high pitches, and vocal fold closed quotients were measured. The Spearman rank correlation analysis on these data showed a significant negative correlation between the external laryngeal length and the habitual speaking fundamental frequency for both females and males, a significant negative correlation between the external laryngeal length and the speaking high pitch for only males, a significant negative correlation between the external laryngeal length and the speaking low pitch for both females and males, and a significant positive correlation between the external laryngeal length and the vocal fold closed quotient for only males.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.104-120
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• 2006

Background : Pulse-respiration ratio has been used for estimating subject's status in oriental medicine. Pulse and respiration is strongly associated with autonomic nerve system. But there is no research about correlation between pulse-respiration ratio and autonomic nerve system. Objectives : We performed this study to know correlation between pulse-respiration ratio and HRV(heart rate variability) that shows autonomic nerve system status well and to clarify clinical meaning of pulse-respiration ratio. Methods : After subject's 10 minutes rest, we measured subject's ECG, respiration pattern and HRV. In this research, subject's number is 95(Male 50/Female 45). We calculated pulse-respiration ratio from ECG and respiration pattern. Then, we analyzed correlation between pulse-respiration ratio and HRV parameters in all subjects, 2 group divided by Wan-Maek(P-R ratio 4.28). We tried to compare HRV parameters among Wan-Maek, Sak-Maek and Ji-Maek group. Correlation analysis between pulse-respiration Ratio and Pulse rate, respiration rate is performed. Finally correlation analysis between Respiration and HRV parameters in all subjects, 2 group divided by Wan-Maek(4.28) is studied. Results : 1. Mean pulse-respiration is 4.10${\pm}$0.67, Mean pulse rate is 68.06${\pm}$7.82bpm, Mean respiration rate is 16.81${\pm}$2.72 times per minute in all subjects. 2. Correlation analysis between pulse-respiration ratio and HRV parameters of high pulse-respiration ratio group is not significant. But, in low pulse-respiration ratio group, HFnorm(correlation coefficient 0.306, p= 0.018), lnHF (0.308, p=0.002) is significantly correlated with pulse-respiration ratio. 3. Comparison of HRV parameters among Wan-Maek, Sak-Maek and Ji-Maek Group is not significant. 4. Pulse-respiration ratio is more affected by respiration rate(correlation coefficient-0.17, p=0.000) than pulse rate (correlation coefficient 0.396, p=0.000). 5. Correlation analysis between respiration rate and HRV parameters of high pulse-respiration ratio group is not significant. But, in low pulse-respiration ratio group, HFnorm (correlation coefficient -0.327, p=0.011), LF/HF(0.346, p=0.007), lnHF (-0.355, p=0.006) are significantly correlated with respiration rate. Conclusion : Pulse-respiration ratio and parasympathetic index has positive correlation. The closer Wan-Maek, The higher parasympathetic index in low pulse-respiration ratio group. Respiration rate is more related with pulse-respiration ratio than pulse rate. Respiration is negatively correlated with autonomic parameters. And the slower respiration, the higher parasympathetic index in low pulse-respiration ratio group.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.259-267
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this research was to examine the correlation between aroma preferences and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) subscales. Methods: We analyzed the survey results of the aroma preference test and MMPI-2 from 109 university student samples. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, the independent t-test, and Pearson's correlation analysis. Results: 1. Clinical scales of MMPI-2 Hs showed a low positive correlation with lavender; MMPI-2 D with ylang-ylang, thyme, and lavender; MMPI-2 Hy with lavender; MMPI-2 Pd with thyme and lavender; MMPI-2 Mf with clary sage and lavender; MMPI-2 Pa with clary sage and lavender; MMPI-2 Pt with thyme and lavender; and MMPI-2 Sc with thyme and lavender. MMPI-2 D and Si showed a low negative correlation with rosemary; and MMPI-2 Mf, Pt, and Si with rose. 2. Restructured clinical scales RC1 showed a low positive correlation with ylang-ylang and lavender; RC2 with thyme and lavender; RC4 with jasmine; and RC6 with clary sage and lavender. RC2 and RC7 showed a low negative correlation with rosemary; RC4 with peppermint; and RC6 and RC8 with frankincense. Conclusions: According to the result of the aroma preference test, men preferred clary sage and women preferred rose. Peppermint was the most preferred aroma, while Roman chamomile was the least preferred aroma.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.59-69
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate correlations between lumbar lordotic angle(LLA), Ferguson's angle(FA) and bone mineral density(BMD) in patients with low back pain. Methods : We measured LLA, FA and BMD of 199 patients with low back pain. Then we analyzed correlations between LLA, FA and BMD using statistical program. Results : There was significant correlation between LLA and FA, and also between age, height and BMD. There was no significant correlations between LLA, FA and BMD. BMD of paitients also showed no significant correlations with LLA and FA according to age and sex. Conclusions : BMD had no significant effect on LLA and FA. On the other hand, there was significant correlation between LLA and FA.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.241-246
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• 1980

Some components in uranium-bearing formations which consist mainly of black shale, slate. and low grade coal-bearing formation of Ogcheon Belt were processed statistically in order to find out the geochemical correlations with uranium. Geochemical enrichment of uranium, vanadium and molybdenum in low grade coal-bearing formations and surrounding rocks is remarkable in the studied area. Geochemical correlation coefficient of uranium and molybdenum in the rocks displays about 0.6, and that of uranium and fixed carbon about 0.4. Uranium and vanadium in uranium-bearing low grade coals denote very high correlation with fixed carbon, which is considered to be responsible for enrichment of metallic elements, especially molybdenum. Close geochemical correlation of uranium-molybdenum couple in the rocks can be applied as a competent exploration guide to low grade uranium deposits of this area.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.331-344
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to investigate the change of tooth mobility and bite force according to periodontal disease severity. Tooth mobility and biting force due to change of viscoelastic property of periodontium were influenced by inflammation of periodontal tissue. 30 patients participated in this study, the periodontal disease severity is evaluated with SBI and attachment loss. SBI and attachment loss were examined by periodontal probe. Tooth mobility was tested two times to each tooth using periotest (Siemens Co, Germany) and bite force was evaluated with MPM-3000 (Nihon Kohden Co, Japan). Statistical analysis was applied to correlation ($r^2$) and regression analysis. The obtained results were as follows : 1. As the attachment loss increased, tooth mobility increased with significance, and they had highly positive correlation ($r^2=0.68$) on entire dentition. 2. As the SBI increased, tooth mobility increased with significance, and they had positive correlation ($r^2=0.37$) on entire dentition. 3. As the attachment loss increased, bite force decreased with significance, and they had highly negative correlation ($r^2=0.42$) on maxillary anterior dentition but low negative correlation ($r^2=0.20$) on the other portion of dentition. 4. As the SBI increased, bite force decreased with significance, and they had highly negative correlation ($r^2=0.31$) on maxillary anterior dentition but low negative correlation ($r^2=0.16$) on the other portion of dentition. 5. As tooth mobility increased, bite force decreased with significance, and they had highly negative correlation ($r^2=0.32$) on maxillary anterior dentition but low negative correlation ($r^2=0.16$) on the other portion of dentition.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.699-707
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• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 한국 주식시장을 비롯하여 주변국 시장들과의 상관관계와 동조화 현상을 살펴보는데 있다. 이를 위해 한국 주식시장에 영향을 미칠 것으로 예상되는 미국, 중국, 일본과 유럽을 대표하여 독일을 선정하여 지난 151개월 동안의 자료를 분석하였다. 상관분석 결과 한국시장은 독일 및 미국과 높은 상관관계를 보여 동조화 현상이 나타났으나 일본과는 낮은 상관관계를 보여주었다. 미국시장은 독일과 매우 높은 상관관계를 보인 반면 중국과는 낮은 관계가 나타났다. 중국시장은 미국 및 일본과 상관관계가 낮아 이들 시장에 영향을 받지 않는 독자적인 시장으로 판단되었다. 일본시장은 아시아시장보다는 독일과 미국에 더 많은 영향을 받고 있으며, 독일시장은 아시아시장의 영향을 받아서 미국시장에 영향을 주는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.17-27
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• 2012

Objectives: The purpose of this study was an attempt to improve the major satisfaction to verify the correlation of major satisfaction according to social support types of health administration major students. Methods: The subjects were 380 students with major in the Dept. of public health administration from 2 universities and 2 colleges located in Incheon city, Gyeonggi province, and Chungcheognam province. Data were collected from June 2 to 20, 2008 using structured questionnaires. Results: The study question are following : Social support type was sorted into three groups. Types of social support were classified high-support type, low-professor type, low-support type. Major satisfaction was the highest in the high-support type. The correlation between social support type and major satisfaction was the sequence correlation, low-professor type and low-support type were the reverse correlation. Conclusions: In conclusion, Students can improve of major satisfaction through study group activities, systemic learning and career counseling. Professors and students are improve solidarity through open communication methods.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.406-413
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• 2024

본 논문은 임펄스성 잡음에 견실한 시간 지연을 추정 방법을 제안한다. 제안하는 방법은 Generalized Cross Correlation - Phase Transform(GCC-PHAT) 방법에 비선형 전처리와 주파수 영역 저역 통과 필터를 사용한다. 본 논문에서는 GCC-PHAT의 연산 과정을 DFT로 다시 해석함으로써 GCC-PHAT에서 시간 지연 추정에 실제 사용되는 유효한 주파수 대역이 있음을 파악하고, 저역 통과 필터 사용하여 유효 대역만을 사용하면 잡음 성분을 줄여서 시간 추정 성능을 향상시킬 수 있음을 보인다. 제안한 방법을 임펄스성 잡음 환경에서 전통적인 GCC-PHAT와 비교함으로써 추정 견실성이 향상됨을 보인다.