• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.433-442
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• 2010

본 연구는 여자대학생을 대상으로 장기간의 자율적 저염식 실시가 짠 맛에 대한 인지와 기호에 영향을 미쳐 나트륨 섭취나 혈압에 변화를 가져 올 수 있는지를 조사하고자 실시되었다. 14명의 실험군 대상자들은 나트륨 관련 영양교육과 정보를 제공받아 저염식을 하도록 지시 받았고 10명의 대상자는 평상시의 식생활을 유지하도록 하였다. 짠 맛의 인지와 기호는 9점 척도의 관능검사로 평가하였고 뇨 나트륨 배설량과 최적 염미 나트륨 정량 분석하였으며 혈압을 측정하였다. 주요 연구 결과는 아래와 같다. 1) 연구 시작시의 실험군과 대조군은 나트륨 관련 식행동, 신체 계측치, 혈압, 24시간 회상법에 의한 나트륨 섭취량, 6단계의 염분용액에 대한 짠 맛 인지나 기호에서 차이가 없었다. 2) 6개월의 저염식 실시 후 실험군 대상자들은 0.5% 이하 염분 용액에서 짠 맛 인지도가 높아졌고 대조군은 낮아져 저염식 실시로 낮은 농도의 염분에 적응한 듯하나 연구시작과 종료시의 paired t-test에서 통계적 유의성은 없었다. 기호도는 시작 시에는 두 군 모두 0.5% 염분 용액을 가장 선호했고 연구 종료시 대조군은 0.75%와 0.5% 염분 용액에 비슷한 기호도를 보인 반면 실험군은 0.5%, 그 다음으로 0.3% 용액에 높은 기호도를 보였으나 그 변화가 유의적 수준은 아니었다. 3) 최적 염미 나트륨 농도는 실험군에서 105.6 mmol에서 저염식 적응 후 80.7 mmol로 유의적 (p = 0.015) 감소를 보였고 대조군은 변화가 없었다. 뇨 나트륨 배설량은 대조군은 연구 시작과 종료시 차이가 없었고 실험군은 연구 종료시 1,398 mg에서 906 mg으로 유의적 감소를 하였다. 4) 수축기 혈압은 실험군 대상자에서 111 mmHg에서 106 mmHg로 유의적으로 감소하였고 이완기 혈압은 대조군, 실험군 모두에서 유의적으로 감소하였다. 혈압과 뇨 나트륨 배설량은 상관관계를 나타내지 않았다. 5) 최적 염미 나트륨 농도와 뇨 나트륨 배설량은 양의 상관관계 (r = 0.418)을 보여 짠맛에 대한 기호가 나트륨 섭취량에 영향을 미친 것으로 보인다. 최적 염미 나트륨 농도와 뇨 나트륨 배설량은 0.5% 이하의 낮은 염분 용액에 대한 짠 맛의 인지와는 음의 상관관계 (r = -0.338~-0.399)를 보여 저염식을 하는 대상자는 낮은 염도에도 잘 반응함을 보여 주었다. 본 연구의 대상자들은 6개월 간의 실험 경과 후 최적 염미도와 뇨 중 나트륨 배설량에서는 대조군과 실험군의 차이가 분명하였고 관능검사 결과는 0.5% 이하의 저염 농도에 실험군 대상자들이 짠 맛 인지와 기호도가 유의적이지는 않으나 향상하였다. 혈압은 수축기 혈압이 실험군에서만 유의적으로 감소하여 전반적으로 6개월 간의 저염식 적응이 유효한 듯하다. 그러나 본 연구결과만으로는 저염식에 적응해 가는 변화과정을 알 수 없고 분석 자료의 표준편차로 보아 개인차 커 일부 비적응자가 있었음을 알 수 있다. 앞으로 저염 적응 기간 중 개인별 반응과 함께 여러 시점에서의 관찰이 필요하다고 본다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.288-293
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: We compared changes in heart-femoral pulse wave velocity (hfPWV) in response to low sodium and high sodium diet between individuals with sodium sensitivity (SS) and resistance (SR) to evaluate the influence of sodium intake on arterial stiffness. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Thirty-one hypertensive and 70 normotensive individuals were given 7 days of low sodium dietary approach to stop hypertension (DASH) diet (LSD, 100 mmol NaCl/day) followed by 7 days of high sodium DASH diet (HSD, 300 mmol NaCl/day) during 2 weeks of hospitalization. The hfPWV was measured and compared after the LSD and HSD. RESULTS: The hfPWV was significantly elevated from LSD to HSD in individuals with SS (P = 0.001) independently of changes in mean arterial pressure (P = 0.037). Conversely, there was no significant elevation of hfPWV from LSD to HSD in individuals with SR. The percent change in hfPWV from the LSD to the HSD in individuals with SS was higher than that in individuals with SR. Subgroup analysis revealed that individuals with both SS and hypertension showed significant elevation of hfPWV from LSD to HSD upon adjusted analysis using changes of the means arterial pressure (P = 0.040). However, there was no significant elevation of hfPWV in individuals with SS and normotension. CONCLUSION: High sodium intake elevated hfPWV in hypertensive individuals with SS, suggesting that high sodium intake increases aortic stiffness, and may contribute to enhanced cardiovascular risk in hypertensive individuals with SS.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.267-279
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify blood pressure control rate and related factors in hypertensive patients. Methods: Data were collected using face to face survey with measuring blood pressure from 268 hypertensive patients. Results: Subjects without spouses were 2.19 times more likely to control their blood pressures (p=.002). Whenever subjects came up 1 score in the low sodium diet score, they were 1.37 times more likely to control their blood pressures (p=.044). The possibility of blood pressure control rose 1.58 times per point in the stress management score (p=.011) and the sleep and rest score (p=.002). Conclusion: It is important to develop education and intervention program of lifestyle regarding low sodium diet, stress management and sleep and rest, in order to improve the blood pressure control.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.211-220
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• 2021

터널구조물의 특성상 터널조명은 일반 도로의 조명과 달리 주간에도 조명이 필요하므로, 터널 유지관리 비용 가운데 터널조명을 위한 전력요금은 가장 높은 비율을 차지하고 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 따라서 유지비용 절감 등을 위하여 터널조명을 낮은 소비전력, 장수명 등의 장점이 있는 LED램프로 교체 중에 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존 터널조명이 고압나트륨램프인 10개소 터널을 대상으로 터널조명 광원을 LED램프로 교체 시 효과 분석을 위하여, 광원 교체 전·후 터널 조도측정결과 및 1년간의 월별 전력사용량을 조사하였다. 터널조명 광원을 고압나트륨램프에서 LED램프로 교체 후 조도는 27.9~490% 향상되었으나, 터널조명용 전력사용량은 평균 47.1% 감소한 것으로 나타났다.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.45-56
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of low sodium dialysate (LSD) rather than conventional dialysate on interdialytic weight gain (IWG), blood pressure (BP), and intradialytic side-effects (ISEs) in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (HD). Methods: The study was performed in 43 patients, who were treated in the university hospital over 8 weeks. Each participant's serum sodium set point was measured using dialysate sodium 140 mEq/L during the first 4 weeks. For the next 4 weeks dialysate sodium concentrate (134,136,and138 mEq/L) was provided to each participant but only to an experimental group (EG) (n=22) based on the individual set point, although 140 mEq/L dialysate was given to all of the control group (CG) (n=21). Consequently, outcomes including IWG, BP, and ISE were evaluated. Results: In EG, difference of pre-HD SBP (p=.047) and post-HD serum sodium (p=.006) were significantly decreased compared to CG. Also, ISEs was not more frequent in EG. However, the differences were not statistically significant, IWG (kg & %), pre-HD DBP, post-HD SBP & DBP, and serum osmolality in EG. Conclusion: Individual application of LSD in patients on maintenance hemodialysis is beneficial to decrease pre-HD SBP and post-HD serum sodium without increasing ISE. Therefore, LSD can be better treatment than conventional dialysate.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.16-25
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• 2013

Now it's a trend to install a series of white fluorescent light and orange high pressure sodium lamps because tunnel lighting should be opaque to the safety of drivers from soot, dust, humidity, and fog. Also fluorescent lighting is replaced to LED due to the fact that it improves amenity and object recognition and LED lighting has gradually been improved its nature. In this paper, we have implemented the circuits of the yellow series of high-pressure sodium lamps and white series of LED lights at one board to improve the transparency and recognition of objects. It is possible for inductive high-pressure sodium lamps and the capacitive LED drivers to circuit without power factor compensation. Two circuit parts share only a small number of parts, so low cost LED drivers compared to conventional ones are possible. Therefore, the implementation of the hybrid lighting with high-pressure sodium lamps and LED lights that can be driven at the same time by one driving circuit is possible. The LED capacitive power factor was 0.91 while individually implemented the sodium lamp power factor was 0.98. It shows not only the 2% improvement of hybrid forms but also the efficiency and THD.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.460-467
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• 2015

Objectives: Excess sodium intake has been linked to obesity and obesity-related indices. However, the scientific evidence for this association is inadequate. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between urinary sodium excretion and obesity-related indices among Korean adults. Methods: A convenience sample of 120 subjects (60 obese and 60 non-obese subjects) were recruited applying frequency matching for sex and age between two groups. Sodium intake level was assessed through 24-hour urine collection. Obesity-related metabolic risk factors, including fasting blood lipid indices, subcutaneous and visceral fat through computed tomography (CT), insulin resistance indices, blood pressure and liver enzymes were measured in all subjects. These obesity-related metabolic risk factors were compared between obese and non-obese group according to sodium excretion levels (<110 mEq/day, 110~180 mEq/day, >180 mEq/day). Results: After adjusting for age, gender, health behaviors (smoking, exercise, drinking), and energy intake, several obesity-related metabolic risk factors, including abdominal circumference, body fat percentage, subcutaneous and visceral fat, triglyceride, and systolic blood pressure were found to be significantly deteriorated as the sodium excretion level increases. In addition, multivariate adjusted-odds ratios of abdominal obesity, high blood triglyceride, and high blood pressure were found significantly higher in the highest sodium excretion group compared to the lowest group. The mean number of metabolic syndrome risk factors was also significantly greater in the highest sodium excretion group than in the lowest group. Conclusions: The current study findings suggested that high sodium intake can affect obesity and metabolic syndrome risk negatively, implying the necessity of future research on low-sodium diet intervention in relation to obesity and related health problems.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.641-648
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• 2011

This study investigated the effects of high pressure with or without thermal treatment on the cured color development and residual nitrite contents of model meat systems (pork, NaCl and sodium nitrite). At low nitrite levels (${\leq}50{\mu}g/g$), 200 MPa of pressure alone (P) did not develop the cured meat color (p>0.05). Thermal treatment (T) showed curing pigmentation (higher CIE L* and CIE a*), and the impacts were more effective when pressure was combined with thermal treatment (PT). In contrast, nitrite levels did not contribute to the cured meat color when ${\geq}200{\mu}g/g$ of nitrite was added to the meat. At high nitrite levels, although the typical cured color that is induced by thermal treatment did not present by pressure alone, the PT treatment still showed a pinker color with low residual nitrite content compared to the T treatment. The higher the pressure level (300 MPa), the greater the cured meat pigmentation with lower residual nitrite. Therefore, the present study demonstrates the possible application of high pressure, both for cured pigmentation and reducing residual nitrite, respective to typical thermal treatments.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.320-326
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• 1999

The effects of operating pressure, lactate concentration, impurities, and pH on solution flux and lactate rejection in nanofiltration were investigated with model sodium lactate solutions (lactate 10~200g/L) as a model system. In the tested range of pressure(80~140 psig), the solution flux was observed to be proportional to the operating pressure and the rejection of lactate increased only slightly with the pressure. Both of the flux and the rejection decreased with lactate concentration, while the recovery rate of lactate increased. The effects of glucose and yeast extract as impurities on lactate rejection were negligible, but the flux decreased significantly with the addition of yeast extract. At low lactate concentrations, the rejection of lactate increased with pH due to the increased repulsion (Donnan exclusion effect) between lactate ions and membrane surface. But, at high lactate concentrations, the donnan effect was observed to be overwhelmed by the effect of sodium ions added to adjust the pH, and the rejection of lactate decreased with pH. When fermentation broth containing about 89g/L of lactate was nanofiltered, the flux and the rejection of lactate were 2.8L/$m^2$h and 5%, respectively at 120psig. Both of them were slightly lower than those with model solutions. The recovery rate was 2.6mol/$m^2$h.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.269-282
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate bone mineral density (BMD), blood pressure, calcium, sodium intake and related biochemical variables, and to analyze the relationship between BMD, and blood pressure, physical characteristics, nutrient intakes of Korean adult women. The study subjects were 30~80years old, 513 women living in Seoul and Kyunggi area who participated in 2011 KNHANES. The study subjects were divided into three BMD groups; normal, n = 259 (50.4%), osteopenia, n = 169 (32.9%), and osteoporosis, n = 85 (16.7%). Average height and weight and fat free mass decreased with a decrease in BMD. Average BMD of normal, osteopenia, osteoporosis were 0.87, 0.79, $0.70g/cm^2$, and T-score were 0.42, -0.66, -1.62, respectively. Higher systolic blood pressure, alkaline phosphatase, and triglyceride were significantly associated with a decrease in the BMD. The rates of hypertension were significantly increased from normal to osteoporosis. i.e. 18.5% in normal, 34.3% in osteopenia and 63.5% in osteoporosis. Average nutrientintakes such as protein, fat, calcium, phosphorus, iron, sodium, potassium, vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin B2, and vitamin C were significantly lower in subjects with lower BMD.n. Average calcium intake of normal, osteopernia and osteoporosis were 528.50, 416.96, 389.56 mg, respectively. There were significant negative correlations between calcium, phosphorus and age, systolic blood pressure, triglyceride. Also, there were negative correlation systolic blood pressure (incomplete sentence). In this study, we found low BMD according to low calcium intake increase the risk of osteoporosis and hypertension rather than sodium intake, also calcium intake decreased with increase age. Therefore, in order to prevent osteoporosis and hypertension, subjects need to be educated regarding the importance of calcium nutrients in diet.